Operation optimization research of circulating cooling water system based on superstructure and domain knowledge

Reuse solution of hardness industrial circulating cooling water: Targeted ion-selective electro-adsorption by functionalized electrode

A low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly hardness ion selective electro-adsorption system for high-hardness industrial circulating cooling water reuse was constructed to simultaneously realize a high salt removal rate and hardness ion (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) selection. Multiply modified graphite carbon felt (GCF) materials for both negative and positive electrodes were proposed simply and economically, and an electro-adsorption system for hardness control was assembled. The multiple modified GCF (GCF_M) materials were characterized by SEM, BET and FT-IR and the electrochemical performance was tested by CV and EIS; surface properties were studied by Zeta potential; the hardness ion removal selectivity and operational stability of the electro-adsorption system were tested. Hydrophilic functional groups were introduced in GCF_M electrode, GCF_M exhibited a large microporosity and demonstrated stable electrochemical performance in aqueous with a specific capacitance. The hardness ion selective electro-adsorption system achieved an adsorption capacity of 58.05 mg/g per circle for calcium ions and 31.03 mg/g for magnesium ions, indicating the superior hardness ion selectivity. In the circulating cooling water at the electro-adsorption stage, the ion removal performance was over 42.1% and maintain in good stability, GCF_M electrode showed excellent deionization performance and demonstrated the application potential of hardness ion selective electro-adsorption system.