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Cybulski O, Quintana C, Siek M, Grzybowski BA. Stirring-Controlled Synthesis of Ultrastable, Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400306. [PMID: 38934325 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes how macroscopic stirring of a reaction mixture can be used to produce nanostructures exhibiting properties not readily achievable via other protocols. In particular, it is shown that by simply adjusting the stirring rate, a standard glutathione-based method-to date, used to produce only marginally stable fluorescent silver nanoclusters, Ag NCs-can be boosted to yield nanoclusters retaining fluorescence for unprecedented periods of over 2 years. This enhancement derives not simply from increased homogenization of the reaction mixture but mainly from an appropriately timed delivery of oxygen from above the reaction mixture. In effect, oxygen serves as a reagent that dictates size, structure, stability, and functional properties of the growing nanoobjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgierd Cybulski
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Cristóbal Quintana
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Marta Siek
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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2
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Angikath F, Pezzella G, Sarathy SM. Bubble-Size Distribution and Hydrogen Evolution from Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Simulated Ni 0.27Bi 0.73 Column Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiyan Angikath
- Clean Combustion Research Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Pezzella
- Clean Combustion Research Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Mani Sarathy
- Clean Combustion Research Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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A Non-Invasive Method for Measuring Bubble Column Hydrodynamics Based on an Image Analysis Technique. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bubble size and its distribution are the important parameters which have a direct impact on mass transfer in bubble column reactors. For this, a new robust image processing technique was presented for investigating hydrodynamic aspects and bubble behavior in real chemical or biochemical processes. The experiments were performed in a small-scale bubble column. The study was conducted for the wide range of clear liquid heights and superficial gas velocities. However, a major challenge in image analysis techniques is identification of overlapping or cluster bubbles. This problem can be overcome with the help of the proposed algorithm. In this respect, large numbers of videos were recorded using a high-speed camera. Based on detailed experiments, the gas–liquid dispersion area was divided into different zones. A foam region width was found as inversely proportional to the clear liquid height. An entry region width was found as directly proportional to the clear liquid height. Hydrodynamic parameters, including gas holdup, bubble size distribution, and Sauter mean bubble diameter were evaluated and compared for different operating conditions. The gas holdup was calculated from both height measurement and pixel intensity methods, and it was found to be indirectly proportional to clear liquid height. Bubble sizes affect the bubble column performance; therefore, bubbles are tracked to calculate the bubble size distribution. Experimental results proved that the proposed scheme is robust.
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Siddiquee MN, Hossain MM, Nazemifard N. Liquid Phase Oxidation of Hydrocarbons to High-Value Chemicals in Microfluidic Reactors - Prospects and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200022. [PMID: 35502847 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liquid phase oxidation (LPO) of hydrocarbon is an industrially important process to produce petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. It follows a free radical path having initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step is slow while the propagation and termination steps are fast. The main challenge of such process is to control product selectivity at an appreciable conversion level. With the advancement of microfluidic reactor technology, it is possible to control the free radical steps. The present contribution critically reviewed the reaction engineering aspects of LPO of hydrocarbon, the influence of microfluidic reactor design and operation on reaction mechanism, conversion and product selectivity. It also outlines the challenges associated with microfluidic reactor operation, and prospects to apply the understanding from microfluidic reactors in few sectors. The understanding from the free radical oxidation process can also be applied to any other free radical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Siddiquee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5050, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals (IRC-RAC), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5050, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5050, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals (IRC-RAC), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5050, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda Nazemifard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116th Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
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Xiang Z, Xie B, Fu R, Qian M. Advanced Deep Learning-Based Bubbly Flow Image Generator under Different Superficial Gas Velocities. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xiang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Miao Qian
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Zhang X, Luo Z. Local
gas–liquid
slip velocity distribution in bubble columns and its relationship with heat transfer. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Bao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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Feng D, Malleret L, Soric A, Boutin O. Kinetic study of glyphosate degradation in wet air oxidation conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125930. [PMID: 31978662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world against perennial and annual weeds. It has been reported to be a micro pollutant, and its degradation in different wastewater treatment processes must be studied. For that purpose, the kinetics of wet air oxidation of glyphosate was studied in an autoclave reactor at a temperature range of 423-523 K and under a total pressure of 15 MPa. Oxidation reactions obeyed the first-order kinetics with respect to glyphosate concentration. The activation energy for glyphosate oxidation was found to be equal to 68.4 kJ mol-1. Furthermore, the possible reaction intermediates and main end products of glyphosate degradation in the wet air oxidation process were identified and quantified using UV-spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. A degradation pathway for glyphosate oxidation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Audrey Soric
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Boutin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France.
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