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Liu Y, Ma B, Lü Y, Wang C, Chen Y. A review of lithium extraction from natural resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS, METALLURGY AND MATERIALS 2023; 30:209-224. [PMCID: PMC9768727 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-022-2544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is considered to be the most important energy metal of the 21st century. Because of the development trend of global electrification, the consumption of lithium has increased significantly over the last decade, and it is foreseeable that its demand will continue to increase for a long time. Limited by the total amount of lithium on the market, lithium extraction from natural resources is still the first choice for the rapid development of emerging industries. This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of lithium from natural resources. Existing methods are summarized by the main resources, such as spodumene, lepidolite, and brine. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Finally, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the development of lithium extraction from natural resources based on the understanding of existing methods. This review provides a reference for the research, development, optimization, and industrial application of future processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Baozhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yingwei Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
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Rosales GD, Resentera AC, Braga PF, Esquivel MR, Rodriguez MH. Simple process for lithium extraction from α-spodumene with potassium fluoride: modeling and optimization. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Qiu S, Sun T, Zhu Y, Liu C, Yu J. Direct Preparation of Water-Soluble Lithium Salts from α-Spodumene by Roasting with Different Sulfates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
- Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
- Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
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Resentera AC, Perejón A, Esquivel MR, Pérez-Maqueda LA, Rodriguez MH. Thermal behavior of ammonium fluorosilicates complexes: Obtaining and kinetic analysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang X, Xiang J, Pei G, Li L, Huang Q, Lv X. Application of response surface methodology for roasting optimization in composite roasting—Acid leaching vanadium extraction process. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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