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Mahmoud M, Mossad M, Mahanna H. Degradation of levofloxacin using electro coagulation residuals-alginate beads as a novel heterogeneous electro-fenton composite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120972. [PMID: 38678901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The presence of levofloxacin (LEV) in aqueous solutions can pose health risks to humans, have adverse effects on aquatic organisms and ecosystems, and contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using electrocoagulation residuals (ECRs) as a heterogeneous catalyst in the electro-Fenton process for degrading LEV. By combining electrocoagulation residuals with sodium alginate, ECRs-alginate beads were synthesized as a heterogeneous electro-Fenton composite. The response surface method was employed to investigate the optimization and influence of various operating parameters such as the initial concentration of LEV (10-50 mg/L), voltage (15-35 V), pH (3-9), and catalyst dose (1-9 g/L). The successful incorporation of iron and other metals into the ECRs-alginate beads was confirmed by characterization tests such as EDX and FTIR. By conducting a batch reaction under optimal conditions (initial LEV concentration = 20 mg/L, pH = 4.5, voltage = 30V, and catalyst dose = 7 g/L), a remarkable degradation of 99% for LEV was achieved. Additionally, under these optimal conditions, a high removal efficiency of 92.3% for total organic carbon (TOC) could be attained within 120 min and these findings are remarkable compared to previous studies. The results further indicated that the degradation of levofloxacin (LEV) could be accurately quantified by utilizing the first-order kinetic reaction with a 0.03 min-1 rate constant. The synthesized beads offered notable advantages in terms of being eco-friendly, simple to use, highly efficient, and easily recoverable from the liquid medium after use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Mossad
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hani Mahanna
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Othman SI, Alfassam HE, Alqhtani HA, Al-Waili MA, Allam AA, Abukhadra MR. Insight into the catalytic performances of Fe 0@chitosan/cellulose green hybrid structure for enhanced photo-Fenton's oxidation of levofloxacin toxic residuals: Pathway and toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130615. [PMID: 38538375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A green hybridized structure of Fe0 painted chitosan/cellulose base (Fe0@CS/CF) has been developed using cellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse along with reduction agents sourced from Khaya senegalensis leaves. The composite was assessed as an affordable, powerful, and multifunctional catalyst for enhancing the degradation of Levofloxacin (LVX) remnants within water supplies via photo-Fenton's interactions. Using a dosage of 0.5 g/L, the Fe0@CS/CF blend demonstrated noteworthy catalytic qualities, resulting in the complete photo-Fenton's degradation of LVX at a level of 25 mg/L after 40 min. However, the complete diminution of organic carbon (TOC) occurred only after 100 min, suggesting the presence of significant intermediate residues. The identified intermediate chemicals and confirmed hydroxyl radicals as the main oxidizer suggest that the degradation pathway involves carboxylation/decarboxylation, hydroxylation, demethylation, and oxidation of quinolone rings. The toxicity properties of untreated LVX solutions and their subsequent oxidized byproducts were assessed by evaluating their inhibiting impact on Vibrio fischeri over various durations. The samples that experienced partial oxidation at initial testing demonstrated a higher level of toxicity in comparison to the parent LVX. However, the sample that was treated for 100 min demonstrated substantial biological safety and a non-toxic nature. The blend of ingredients has a synergistic impact that enhances the uptake, Fenton's, photocatalytic, and photo-Fenton's characteristics of the hosted Fe0 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Othman
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haifa E Alfassam
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A Alqhtani
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Al-Waili
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt; Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt.
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3
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Dhiman P, Rana G, Kumar A, Dawi EA, Sharma G. Rare Earth Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Spintronics and Photo Catalyst for Degradation of Pollutants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062838. [PMID: 36985808 PMCID: PMC10058257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic water contamination is a growing environmental problem in the present day. As a result, water treatment is required for its reduction and elimination. Due to their important role in resolving this issue, photocatalysts have drawn a great deal of interest over the past few decades. When non-biodegradable organic matter is present in polluted water, the photo catalytic process, which is both environmentally friendly and an improved oxidation method, can be an effective means of remediation. In this regard, we report the successful synthesis of pure phased rare earth doped ZnO nanoparticles for tetracycline degradation. The prepared catalysts were systematically characterized for structural, optical, and magnetic properties. The optical band gap was tailored by rare earth doping, with redshift for Sm and Dy doped nanoparticles and blueshift for Nd doped ZnO nanoparticles. The analysis of photoluminescence spectra revealed information about the defect chemistry of all synthesised nanoparticles. Magnetic studies revealed that all synthesized diluted magnetic semiconductors exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism and can be employed for spintronic applications. Moreover, Dy doped ZnO nanoparticles were found to exhibit a maximum degradation efficiency of 74.19% for tetracycline (TCN) removal. The synthesized catalysts were also employed for the degradation of Malachite green (MG), and Crystal violet (CV) dyes. The maximum degradation efficiency achieved was 97.18% for MG and 98% for CV for Dy doped ZnO nanoparticles. The degradation mechanism involved has been discussed in view of the reactive species determined from scavenging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Elmuez A Dawi
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), College of Humanities and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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Jabbar ZH, Graimed BH, Okab AA, Alsunbuli MM, Al-husseiny RA. Construction of 3D flower-like Bi5O7I/Bi/Bi2WO6 heterostructure decorated NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for photocatalytic destruction of Levofloxacin in aqueous solution: Synergistic effect between S-scheme and SPR action. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Li X, Zhang L, Niu S, Dong Z, Lyu C. Quantitatively regulating the ketone structure of triazine-based covalent organic frameworks for efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: Tunable performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130366. [PMID: 36434920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As promising visible-light-responsive photocatalysts, triazine-based covalent organic frameworks (CTFs) still suffer from broad bandgap and high electron-hole recombination. As such, different contents of electron-rich ketone group were introduced to CTFs (X % keto-CTF), aiming to clarify the mechanism of quantitatively regulating ketone for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance of CTFs. As ketone content increased, the bandgap narrowed, electron-hole recombination decreased, charge transfer and quantum yield increased. As a result, keto-CTF outperformed other keto-CTFs in visible-light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline, and apparent rate constant of TC (kobs) was 3.69 times higher than that of CTF. Importantly, ketone tuning induced varied types and concentrations of reactive species. Integrated with quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study unravels how ketone content regulates bandgap structure of CTF, affects the contribution of varied reactive species, and quantitatively enhances the photocatalytic performance of CTFs. It also provides novel insights into the precise design and synthesis of CTFs-based catalyst structures for high-efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Shu Niu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Zhaojun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China
| | - Cong Lyu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, PR China.
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Dhiman P, Rana G, Alshgari RA, Kumar A, Sharma G, Naushad M, ALOthman ZA. "Magnetic Ni-Zn ferrite anchored on g-C 3N 4 as nano-photocatalyst for efficient photo-degradation of doxycycline from water". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114665. [PMID: 36334828 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, mixed-spinel ferrite anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) was synthesized for mineralization of antibiotic pollutant from waste water. A Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano heterojunction was fabricated by three step procedure: pyrolysis, solution combustion and mechanical grinding followed by annealing. The prepared photocatlyst was tested for degradation of Doxycycline (DC) drug under the natural sun light. Results revealed that the prepared heterojunction has maximum degradation efficiency of 97.10% pollutant in 60 min experiment. The Z-scheme heterojunction between g-C3N4 and Ni-Zn ferrite improves the photoinduced charges separation and protection of redox capability and therby increases the photo degradation efficiency. The scavenging experiments suggested that O2-● and h+ as main active species responsible for degradation of the antibiotic. In addition, the dopant variation can drive the shists in band gap and energy band positiong too which makes then excellent candidates for synthesizing tunable heterostructures with organic semiconductors. The work focusses on designing and developing of saimpler but efficient magnetic heterojunctions with superior redox capability for solar powered waste water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
| | - Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
| | - Razan A Alshgari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg.#5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abukhadra MR, Saad I, Othman SI, Katowah DF, Ajarem JS, Alqarni SA, Allam AA, Al Zoubi Investigatio W, Gun Ko Supervisor Y. Characterization of Fe0@Chitosan/Cellulose Structure as Effective Green Adsorbent for Methyl Parathion, Malachite Green, and Levofloxacin Removal: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Zhu J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Wu S, Fang X, Yao Y. Progress in the Preparation and Modification of Zinc Ferrites Used for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10710. [PMID: 36078426 PMCID: PMC9518589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ferrite is a type of photocatalytic material with high physicochemical stability, narrow band gap, high carrier separation efficiency, high porosity, and paramagnetism, which makes it easy to recover. Thus, zinc ferrite is widely used as a photocatalyst in water treatment. In this paper, the preparation principles as well as the advantages and disadvantages of typical methods used to prepare zinc ferrite including hydrothermal, co-precipitation, sol-gel, and other novel methods such as biosynthesis have been summarized. Modification methods such as elemental doping, composite formation, and morphological modification have been highlighted. Using these modification methods, the catalytic activity of zinc ferrite toward the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water has been enhanced. Biosynthesis is regarded as a promising preparation method that uses biological materials instead of chemical materials to achieve the large-scale preparation of zinc ferrite using low cost, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly processes. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple modification techniques to enhance the photocatalytic performance of zinc ferrite will be an important research trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojian Fang
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yan Yao
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Mohan H, Muthukumar Sathya P, Vadivel S, Ha GH, Oh HS, Kim G, Seralathan KK, Shin T. Highly efficient visible light photocatalysis of Ni x Zn 1-x Fe 2O 4 (x= 0, 0.3, 0.7) nanoparticles: Diclofenac degradation mechanism and eco-toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134699. [PMID: 35483659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products occupy a predominant position with respect to both utility and release into the ecosystem, thereby contributing to environmental pollution at alarming rates. Of the several methods identified to minimize the concentration of PPCPs, nanomaterial based photocatalysis seems to be a potential alternative for it being highly economical and eco-friendly. In this study, we synthesized Nickel zinc ferrite (Ni-ZF) [Nix Zn1-x Fe2O4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.7)] nanoparticles with an average diameter of ∼400 nm by a co-precipitation method towards diclofenac degradation. The composite showed greater degrees of crystallinity devoid of any impurities. Nearly complete DCF degradation (∼99%) was achieved after 50 min reaction time with the nanoparticles at pH 7 for an initial DCF concentration of 50 mg/L. The degradation process followed a pseudo first-order rate law with the rate constant of 0.1657 min- 1. Microbial toxicity and phytotoxicity studies demonstrated negligible toxicity imposed by the contaminated water treated with the prepared composite, suggesting it as a promising photocatalyst benefitting in all aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sethumathavan Vadivel
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Ga Hyeon Ha
- Department of Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seung Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gitae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamala-Kannan Seralathan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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A Facile Review on the Sorption of Heavy Metals and Dyes Using Bionanocomposites. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, hazardous metal and dye removal from wastewater is one of the major areas of research focus. For the elimination of these contaminants, many approaches have been devised and applied. However, the accomplishment of various water treatment processes has largely depended on the medium utilized and the associated problem with the leaching of harmful compounds into the water process with most commercial and chemically manufactured materials for water treatment processes. Hence, this study is aimed at reviewing existing studies on the sorption of heavy metals (HMs) and dyes using bionanocomposites (BNCs). The key focus of this review is on the development of eco-friendly, effective, and appropriate nanoadsorbents that could accomplish superior and enhanced contaminant sequestration using BNCs owing to their biodegradability, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and not posing as secondary waste to the environment. The sorption of most pollutants was observed to be pH, sorbent dosage, and initial contaminant concentration-dependent, with most contaminants’ elimination taking place in the pH range of 2-10. The sorption process of HMs and dyes to various BNCs was superlatively depicted utilizing the Langmuir (LNR) and Freundlich (FL) as well as the pseudo-second-order (PSO) models, suggestive of the sorption process of a monolayer and multilayer and the chemisorption process, the rate-limiting stage in surface sorption. The established sorption capacities for the reviewed sorption process for various contaminants ranged from 1.47 to 740.97 mg/g. Future prospective for the treatment and remediation of contaminated water using BNCs was also discussed.
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Sharma SK, Kumar A, Sharma G, Vo DVN, García-Peñas A, Moradi O, Sillanpää M. MXenes based nano-heterojunctions and composites for advanced photocatalytic environmental detoxification and energy conversion: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132923. [PMID: 34813851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research is being done to develop multifunctional advanced new materials for high performance photocatalytic applications in the field of energy production and environmental detoxification, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for enhancing photocatalytic performance owing to their excellent mechanical properties, appropriate Fermi levels, and adjustability of chemical composition. Numerous experimental and theoretical research works implied that the dimensions of MXenes have a significant impact on their performance. For photocatalysis to thrive in the future, we must understand the current state of the art for MXene in different dimensions. Using MXene co-catalysts in widely used in photocatalytic applications such as CO2 reduction, hydrogen production and organic pollutant oxidation, this study focuses on the most recent developments in MXenes based materials, structural modifications, innovations in reaction and material engineering. It has been reported that using 5 mg of CdS-MoS2-MXene researchers were able to generate as high as 9679 μmol/g/h hydrogen under visible light. The MXenes based heterojunction photocatalyst Co3O4/MXene was utilized to degrade 95% bisphenol A micro-pollutant in just 7 min. Numerous novel materials, their preparations and performances have been discussed. Depending upon the nature of MXene-based materials, the synthesis techniques and photocatalytic mechanism of MXenes as co-catalyst are also summarized. Finally, some final thoughts and prospects for developing highly efficient MXene-based photocatalysts are provided which will indeed motivate researchers to design novel hybrid materials based on MXenes for sustainable solutions to energy and pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sharma
- School of Advance Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173229
| | - Amit Kumar
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229; School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- University Carlos III of Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 3028911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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