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Bittner Fagan H, Jurkovitz C, Zhang Z, Thompson LA, Patterson F, Zazzarino MA, Myers RE. Primary care outreach and decision counseling for lung cancer screening. J Med Screen 2024; 31:150-156. [PMID: 37990545 DOI: 10.1177/09691413231213495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer screening rates are very low despite a level B recommendation from the United States Preventive Services Task Force since 2013 and clear evidence that lung cancer screening reduces mortality. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services requires shared decision-making (SDM) for lung cancer screening reimbursement. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an SDM intervention on lung cancer screening in primary care. METHODS The study design was a single-arm clinical trial design. The intervention included phone contact outside of a primary care visit and the use of the Decision Counseling Program ®, an online interactive decision aid focused on determining the factors which influence patients to screen or not screen, prioritizing those factors, and determining a decision preference score. The primary outcome was the completion of low-dose computed tomography scan (LDCT) 1 year after the SDM session compared in participants versus nonparticipants. RESULTS From six practices, there were 1359 potentially eligible patients in electronic medical record data, and 336 were reached to assess eligibility criteria. A total of 80 patients consented to be in the study, 64 completed a decision counseling session and 16 did not complete a session. Among the 64 people who agreed to have decision counseling, 45% had LDCT, higher than typically seen in routine clinical practice. Although not a comparable group, among the 16 people who declined decision counseling, none had LDCT. CONCLUSIONS Decision counseling is a promising intervention that might support SDM in the context of improving uptake of lung cancer screening in primary care. However, further, larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Bittner Fagan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, ChristianaCare Health Services, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Claudine Jurkovitz
- Institute for Research in Equity and Community Health (iREACH), ChristianaCare Health Services, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Zugui Zhang
- Institute for Research in Equity and Community Health (iREACH), ChristianaCare Health Services, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - L Anna Thompson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, ChristianaCare Health Services, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Ronald E Myers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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DiCarlo M, Myers P, Daskalakis C, Shimada A, Hegarty S, Zeigler-Johnson C, Juon HS, Barta J, Myers RE. Outreach to primary care patients in lung cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2022; 159:107069. [PMID: 35469777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend annual lung cancer screening (LCS), but rates are low. The current study evaluated strategies to increase LCS. This study was a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of patient outreach and shared decision making (SDM) about LCS among patients in four primary care practices. Patients 50 to 80 years of age and at high risk for lung cancer were randomized to Outreach Contact plus Decision Counseling (OC-DC, n = 314), Outreach Contact alone (OC, n = 314), or usual care (UC, n = 1748). LCS was significantly higher in the combined OC/OC-DC group versus UC controls (5.5% vs. 1.8%; hazard ratio, HR = 3.28; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.98 to 5.41; p = 0.001). LCS was higher in the OC-DC group than in the OC group, although not significantly so (7% vs. 4%, respectively; HR = 1.75; 95% CI: 0.86 to 3.55; p = 0.123). LCS referral/scheduling was also significantly higher in the OC/OC-DC group compared to controls (11% v. 5%; odds ratio, OR = 2.02; p = 0.001). We observed a similar trend for appointment keeping, but the effect was not statistically significant (86% v. 76%; OR = 1.93; p = 0.351). Outreach contacts significantly increased LCS among primary care patients. Research is needed to assess the additional value of SDM on screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa DiCarlo
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Pamela Myers
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Constantine Daskalakis
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut St. Suite 520, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ayako Shimada
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut St. Suite 520, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hegarty
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut St. Suite 520, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Julie Barta
- The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Myers
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
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