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Ma Y, Zhang L, Ma X, Bai K, Tian Z, Wang Z, Muratkhan M, Wang X, Lü X, Liu M. Saccharide mapping as an extraordinary method on characterization and identification of plant and fungi polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133350. [PMID: 38960255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharide mapping was a promising scheme to unveil the mystery of polysaccharide structure by analysis of the fragments generated from polysaccharide decomposition process. However, saccharide mapping was not widely applied in the polysaccharide analysis for lacking of systematic introduction. In this review, a detailed description of the establishment process of saccharide mapping, the pros and cons of downstream technologies, an overview of the application of saccharide mapping, and practical strategies were summarized. With the updating of the available downstream technologies, saccharide mapping had been expanding its scope of application to various kinds of polysaccharides. The process of saccharide mapping analysis included polysaccharides degradation and hydrolysates analysis, and the degradation process was no longer limited to acid hydrolysis. Some downstream technologies were convenient for rapid qualitative analysis, while others could achieve quantitative analysis. For the more detailed structure information could be provided by saccharide mapping, it was possible to improve the quality control of polysaccharides during preparation and application. This review filled the blank of basic information about saccharide mapping and was helpful for the establishment of a professional workflow for the saccharide mapping application to promote the deep study of polysaccharide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoer Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhangyang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Marat Muratkhan
- Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, Technical Faculty, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Shaanxi, China; Northwest A&F University Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Shaanxi, China; Northwest A&F University Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Manshun Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Genetic diversity of the Chinese medicinal plant Astragali Radix based on transcriptome-derived SSR markers. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Recent advances in qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysaccharides in natural medicines: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:115016. [PMID: 36030753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural medicines, being safe and effective natural mixtures, show great potential to be developed into botanical drugs. However, there is yet one polysaccharide-based case that has fulfilled the Botanical Guidance definition of a botanical drug product. One of the reasons is the analytical methods commonly used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysaccharides fall far behind the quality control criteria of botanical drugs. Here we systemically reviewed the recent advances in analytical methods. A critical evaluation of the strength and weaknesses of these methods was provided, together with possible solutions to the difficulties. Mass spectrometry with or without robust chromatographic separation was increasingly employed. And scientists have made significant progress in simplifying polysaccharide quantification by depolymerizing it into oligosaccharides. This oligosaccharides-based strategy is promising for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysaccharides. And continuous efforts are still needed to develop a standardized quality control method that is specific, accurate, repeatable, and applicable for analyzing individual components in natural medicine formulas.
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Liang C, Yao Y, Ding H, Li X, Li Y, Cai T. Rapid classification and identification of chemical components of Astragali radix by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:943-960. [PMID: 35726352 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacological studies indicate that Astragalus (AR) has various bioactivities, including anticancer, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids, saponins, amino acids, and polysaccharides are the main active components in AR. However, its complex chemical compositions bring certain difficulties to the analysis of this traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the chemical constituents in AR. OBJECTIVE To establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the main components of flavonoids, saponins, and amino acids in AR. METHODS The samples were analysed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and data post-processing techniques. Firstly, fragmentation information was obtained in the positive and negative ion modes. Then, to realize the rapid classification and identification of AR components, the characteristic fragmentations (CFs) and neutral losses (NLs) were compared with information described in the literature. RESULTS A total of 45 chemical constituents were successfully screened out, including 22 flavonoids, 13 saponins, and 10 amino acids. CONCLUSION The established method realised the efficient classification and identification of flavonoids, saponins, and amino acid compounds in AR, which provided a basis for further study on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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WANG Y, LI MG, FENG T, ZHANG TL, FENG YQ, LI H. Discrimination of Radix Astragali according to geographical regions by data fusion of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) combined with random forest (RF). CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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