1
|
Bai L, Liu H, You R, Jiang X, Zhang T, Li Y, Shan T, Qian Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li C. Combination Nano-Delivery Systems Remodel the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2148-2162. [PMID: 38536949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer for which effective therapies are lacking. Targeted remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and activation of the body's immune system to fight tumors with well-designed nanoparticles have emerged as pivotal breakthroughs in tumor treatment. To simultaneously remodel the immunosuppressive TME and trigger immune responses, we designed two potential therapeutic nanodelivery systems to inhibit TNBC. First, the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib (CXB) were coloaded into chondroitin sulfate (CS) to obtain CS@JQ1/CXB nanoparticles (NPs). Then, the biomimetic nanosystem MM@P3 was prepared by coating branched polymer poly(β-amino ester) self-assembled NPs with melittin embedded macrophage membranes (MM). Both in vitro and in vivo, the CS@JQ1/CXB and MM@P3 NPs showed excellent immune activation efficiencies. Combination treatment exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity, antimigration ability, and apoptosis-inducing and immune activation effects on TNBC cells and effectively suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC tumor-bearing mice by activating the tumor immune response and inhibiting angiogenesis. In summary, this study offers a novel combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategy for the clinical TNBC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ran You
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tianhe Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhanyin Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin L, Zhao Y, Wang P, Li T, Liang Y, Chen Y, Meng X, Zhang Y, Su G. Amino Acid Derivatives of Ginsenoside AD-2 Induce HepG2 Cell Apoptosis by Affecting the Cytoskeleton. Molecules 2023; 28:7400. [PMID: 37959819 PMCID: PMC10650444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AD-2 (20(R)-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20, 25-tetrol, 25-OH-PPD) was structurally modified to introduce additional amino groups, which can better exert its anti-tumor effects in MCF-7, A549, LoVo, HCT-116, HT -29, and U-87 cell lines. We investigated the cellular activity of 15 different AD-2 amino acid derivatives on HepG2 cells and the possible mechanism of action of the superior derivative 6b. An MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of the derivatives. Western blotting was used to study the signaling pathways. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and ghost pen peptide staining was used to identify the changes in the cytoskeleton. The AD-2 amino acid derivatives have a better cytotoxic effect on the HepG2 cells than AD-2, which may be achieved by promoting the apoptosis of HepG2 cells and influencing the cytoskeleton. The derivative 6b shows obvious anti-HepG2 cells activity through affecting the expression of apoptotic proteins such as MDM2, P-p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3, Cleaved Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and NSD2. According to the above findings, the amino acid derivatives of AD-2 may be developed as HepG2 cytotoxic therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Lin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China;
| | - Peng Wang
- ORxes Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China;
| | - Yuhang Liang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xianyi Meng
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yudong Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guangyue Su
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Ding M, Zhao H, Zhou M, Lu X, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Wang R. Stereospecificity of Ginsenoside AD-1 and AD-2 Showed Anticancer Activity via Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Cell Apoptosis. Molecules 2023; 28:6698. [PMID: 37764474 PMCID: PMC10536438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the anti-cancer activity and molecular mechanisms of the isomers of AD-1 and AD-2 (20(R)-AD-1, 20(R)-AD-2, 20(S)-AD-1 and 20(S)-AD-2) were investigated. The results indicated that all of the four compounds obviously suppressed the viability of various cancer cells, and the anti-cancer activity of 20(R)-AD-1 and 20(R)-AD-2 was significantly better than 20(S)-AD-1 and 20(S)-AD-2, especially for gastric cancer cells (BGC-803). Then, the differences in the anti-cancer mechanisms of the isomers were investigated. The data showed that 20(R)-AD-1 and 20(R)-AD-2 induced apoptosis and decreased MMP, up-regulated the expression of cytochrome C in cytosol, transferred Bax to the mitochondria, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Apoptosis can be attenuated by the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. However, 20(S)-AD-1 and 20(S)-AD-2 barely exhibited the same results. The results indicated that 20(R)-AD-1 and 20(R)-AD-2 suppressed cellular energy metabolism and caused apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, which ROS generation was probably involved in. Above all, the data support the development of 20(R)-AD-1 and 20(R)-AD-2 as potential agents for human gastric carcinoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xude Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China;
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Meng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061000, China;
| | - Hong Zhao
- China College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (H.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengru Zhou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Xuan Lu
- China College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (H.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Qinggao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China;
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China;
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han XX, Tian YG, Liu WJ, Zhao D, Liu XF, Hu YP, Feng SX, Li JS. Metabolomic profiling combined with network analysis of serum pharmacochemistry to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba against acute lung injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131479. [PMID: 37554987 PMCID: PMC10405081 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and devastating respiratory disease associated with uncontrolled inflammatory response and transepithelial neutrophil migration. In recent years, a growing number of studies have found that Ardisiae Japonicae Herba (AJH) has a favorable anti-inflammatory effect. However, its serum material basis and molecular mechanism are still unknown in ALI treatment. In this study, metabolomics and network analysis of serum pharmacochemistry were used to explore the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of AJH against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Methods: A total of 12 rats for serum pharmacochemistry analysis were randomly divided into the LPS group and LPS + AJH-treated group (treated with AJH extract 20 g/kg/d), which were administered LPS (2 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation and then continuously administered for 7 days. Moreover, 36 rats for metabolomic research were divided into control, LPS, LPS + AJH-treated (5, 10, and 20 g/kg/d), and LPS + dexamethasone (Dex) (2.3 × 10-4 g/kg/d) groups. After 1 h of the seventh administration, the LPS, LPS + AJH-treated, and LPS + Dex groups were administered LPS by intratracheal instillation to induce ALI. The serum pharmacochemistry profiling was performed by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS to identify serum components, which further explore the molecular mechanism of AJH against ALI by network analysis. Meanwhile, metabolomics was used to select the potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways and to analyze the therapeutic mechanism of AJH against ALI. Results: The results showed that 71 serum components and 18 related metabolites were identified in ALI rat serum. We found that 81 overlapping targets were frequently involved in AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in network analysis. The LPS + AJH-treated groups exerted protective effects against ALI by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and achieved anti-inflammatory efficacy by significantly regulating the interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels. Metabolomics analysis shows that the therapeutic effect of AJH on ALI involves 43 potential biomarkers and 14 metabolic pathways, especially phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, to be influenced, which implied the potential mechanism of AJH in ALI treatment. Discussion: Our study initially elucidated the material basis and effective mechanism of AJH against ALI, which provided a solid basis for AJH application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng ZY, Ren JX, Xue XB, Wang M, Yu XQ, Lin B, Yao GD, Song SJ, Huang XX. Daphnane-type diterpenoids from Stellera chamaejasme L. and their inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113725. [PMID: 37224912 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Daphnane-type diterpenoids, which are scarce in nature, exhibit potent growth-inhibitory activities against various cancer cells. To identify more daphnane-type diterpenoids, the phytochemical components in the root extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L. were analysed in this study using the Global Natural Products Social platform and the MolNetEnhancer tool. Three undescribed 1α-alkyldaphnane-type diterpenoids (1-3; named stelleradaphnanes A-C) and 15 known analogues were isolated and characterised. The structures of these compounds were determined using ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stereo configurations of the compounds were determined using electronic circular dichroism. Next, the growth-inhibitory activities of isolated compounds against HepG2 and Hep3B cells were examined. Compound 3 exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against HepG2 and Hep3B cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 9.73 and 15.97 μM, respectively. Morphological and staining analyses suggested that compound 3 induced apoptosis in HepG2 and Hep3B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; (e) School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (b) Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; (c) Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bao X, Liu Y, Huang J, Yin S, Sheng H, Han X, Chen Q, Wang T, Chen S, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Yu H. Stachydrine hydrochloride inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via LIF/AMPK axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154066. [PMID: 35366490 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not only one of the four highest malignancies, but also the principal reason of cancer-related death worldwide, yet no effective medication for anti-HCC is available. Stachydrine hydrochloride (SH), an alkaloid component in Panzeria alaschanica Kupr, exhibits potent antitumor activity in breast cancer. However, the anti-HCC effects of SH remain unknown. PURPOSE Our study assessed the therapeutic effect of SH on HCC and tried to clarify the mechanisms by which it ameliorates HCC. No studies involving using SH for anti-HCC activity and molecular mechanism have been reported yet. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS We examined the cell viability of SH on HCC cells by MTT assay. The effect of SH on cell autophagy in HCC cells was verified by Western blot and Immunofluorescence test. Flow cytometry was performed to assess cell-cycle arrest effects. Cell senescence was detected using β-Gal staining and Western blot, respectively. An inhibitor or siRNA of autophagy, i.e., CQ and si LC-3B, were applied to confirm the role of autophagy acted in the anti-cancer function of SH. Protein expression in signaling pathways was detected by Western blot. Besides, molecular docking combined with cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was used for analysis. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were built to explore the inhibitory effect of SH in HCC in vivo. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that SH possessed an anti-HCC effect by inducing autophagy, cell-cycle arrest and promoting cell senescence. Specifically, SH induced autophagy with p62 and LC-3B expression. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SH caused an obvious cell-cycle arrest, accompanied by the decrease and increase in Cyclin D1 and p27 levels, respectively. Additionally, SH induced cell senescence with the induction of p21 in HCC cell lines. Mechanistically, SH treatment down-regulated the LIF and up-regulated p-AMPK. Moreover, PDX model in NSG mice was conducted to support the results in vitro. CONCLUSION This study is the first to report the inhibitory function of SH in HCC, which may be due to the induction of autophagy and senescence. This study provides novel insights into the anti-HCC efficacy of SH and it might be a potential lead compound for further development of drug candidates for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sibao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|