1
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Martínez-López LM, Perez-Gonzalez A, Washington EA, Woodward AP, Roth-Schulze AJ, Dandrieux JRS, Johnstone T, Prakash N, Jex A, Mansfield C. Hierarchical modelling of immunoglobulin coated bacteria in dogs with chronic enteropathy shows reduction in coating with disease remission but marked inter-individual and treatment-response variability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255012. [PMID: 34411114 PMCID: PMC8376084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies are a common problem in dogs, but many aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown, making the therapeutic approach challenging in some cases. Environmental factors are intimately related to the development and perpetuation of gastrointestinal disease and the gut microbiome has been identified as a contributing factor. Previous studies have identified dysbiosis and reduced bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs with chronic enteropathies. In this case-controlled study, we use flow cytometry and 16S rRNA sequencing to characterise bacteria highly coated with IgA or IgG in faecal samples from dogs with chronic enteropathy and evaluated their correlation with disease and resolution of the clinical signs. IgA and IgG-coated faecal bacterial counts were significantly higher during active disease compared to healthy dogs and decreased with the resolution of the clinical signs. Characterisation of taxa-specific coating of the intestinal microbiota with IgA and IgG showed marked variation between dogs and disease states, and different patterns of immunoglobulin enrichment were observed in dogs with chronic enteropathy, particularly for Erysipelotrichaceae, Clostridicaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidaceae, families. Although, members of these bacterial groups have been associated with strong immunogenic properties and could potentially constitute important biomarkers of disease, their significance and role need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Martínez-López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis Perez-Gonzalez
- Melbourne Cytometry Platform, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew P. Woodward
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julien R. S. Dandrieux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thurid Johnstone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathalee Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Jex
- Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Pröbstel AK, Zhou X, Baumann R, Wischnewski S, Kutza M, Rojas OL, Sellrie K, Bischof A, Kim K, Ramesh A, Dandekar R, Greenfield AL, Schubert RD, Bisanz JE, Vistnes S, Khaleghi K, Landefeld J, Kirkish G, Liesche-Starnecker F, Ramaglia V, Singh S, Tran EB, Barba P, Zorn K, Oechtering J, Forsberg K, Shiow LR, Henry RG, Graves J, Cree BAC, Hauser SL, Kuhle J, Gelfand JM, Andersen PM, Schlegel J, Turnbaugh PJ, Seeberger PH, Gommerman JL, Wilson MR, Schirmer L, Baranzini SE. Gut microbiota-specific IgA + B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/53/eabc7191. [PMID: 33219152 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota-specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ryan Baumann
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sven Wischnewski
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Kutza
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 18A, Canada
| | - Katrin Sellrie
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14776 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Bischof
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kicheol Kim
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Akshaya Ramesh
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ariele L Greenfield
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ryan D Schubert
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephanie Vistnes
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Khashayar Khaleghi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 18A, Canada
| | - James Landefeld
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gina Kirkish
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Valeria Ramaglia
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edwina B Tran
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patrick Barba
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kelsey Zorn
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johanna Oechtering
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lawrence R Shiow
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Roland G Henry
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey M Gelfand
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14776 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Michael R Wilson
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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3
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Cao Y, Wang X, Yang Q, Deng H, Liu Y, Zhou P, Xu H, Chen D, Feng D, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou J. Critical Role of Intestinal Microbiota in ATF3-Mediated Gut Immune Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:842-852. [PMID: 32571839 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secretory Ig A (sIgA) plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via cross-talk with gut microbiota. The defects in sIgA production could elicit dysbiosis of commensal microbiota and subsequently facilitate the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Our previous study revealed activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as an important regulator of follicular helper T (TFH) cells in gut. ATF3 deficiency in CD4+ T cells impaired the development of gut TFH cells, and therefore diminished sIgA production, which increased the susceptibility to murine colitis. However, the potential role of microbiota in ATF3-mediated gut homeostasis remains incompletely understood. In this study, we report that both Atf3-/- and CD4creAtf3fl/fl mice displayed profound dysbiosis of gut microbiota when compared with their littermate controls. The proinflammatory Prevotella taxa, especially Prevotella copri, were more abundant in ATF3-deficient mice when compared with littermate controls. This phenotype was obviously abrogated by adoptive transfer of either TFH cells or IgA+ B cells. Importantly, depletion of gut microbiota dramatically alleviated the severity of colitis in Atf3-/- mice, whereas transfer of microbiota from Atf3-/- mice to wild-type recipients increased their susceptibility to colitis. Collectively, these observations indicate the importance of IgA-microbiota interaction in ATF3-mediated gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Cao
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dubo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingyun Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; and
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China; .,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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4
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Garcia-Castillo V, Komatsu R, Clua P, Indo Y, Takagi M, Salva S, Islam MA, Alvarez S, Takahashi H, Garcia-Cancino A, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Activities of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1376. [PMID: 31263467 PMCID: PMC6585165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C, a strain isolated from a human stomach, was previously characterized by its potential probiotic properties. The UCO-979C strain displayed the ability to beneficially regulate the innate immune response triggered by Helicobacter pylori infection in human gastric epithelial cells. In this work, we conducted further in vitro studies in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and in vivo experiments in mice in order to characterize the potential immunomodulatory effects of L. fermentum UCO-979C on the intestinal mucosa. Results demonstrated that the UCO-979C strain is capable to differentially modulate the immune response of IECs triggered by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation through the modulation of TLR negative regulators' expression. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that L. fermentum UCO-979C is able to exert its immunomodulatory effect in the intestinal mucosa in vivo. The feeding of mice with L. fermentum UCO-979C significantly increased the production of intestinal IFN-γ, stimulated intestinal and peritoneal macrophages and increased the number of Peyer's patches CD4+ T cells. In addition, L. fermentum UCO-979C augmented intestinal IL-6, reduced the number of immature B220+CD24high B cells from Peyer's patches, enhanced the number of mature B B220+CD24low cells, and significantly increased intestinal IgA content. The results of this work revealed that L. fermentum UCO-979C has several characteristics making it an excellent candidate for the development of immunobiotic functional foods aimed to differentially regulate immune responses against gastric and intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Garcia-Castillo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoya Komatsu
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Patricia Clua
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Yuhki Indo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takagi
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susana Salva
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Apolinaria Garcia-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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5
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Ulfman LH, Leusen JHW, Savelkoul HFJ, Warner JO, van Neerven RJJ. Effects of Bovine Immunoglobulins on Immune Function, Allergy, and Infection. Front Nutr 2018; 5:52. [PMID: 29988421 PMCID: PMC6024018 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an in depth overview of the current knowledge of the effects of bovine immunoglobulins on the human immune system. The stability and functional effects of orally ingested bovine immunoglobulins in milk products are described and potential mechanisms of action are discussed. Orally ingested bovine IgG (bovine IgG) can be recovered from feces, ranging from very low levels up to 50% of the ingested IgG that has passed through the gastrointestinal tract. In infants the recovered levels are higher than in adults most likely due to differences in stomach and intestinal conditions such as pH. This indicates that bovine IgG can be functionally active throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, a large number of studies in infants and adults have shown that bovine IgG (or colostrum as a rich source thereof) can prevent gastrointestinal tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, and LPS-induced inflammation. These studies vary considerably in target group, design, source of bovine IgG, dosage, and endpoints measured making it hard to draw general conclusions on effectiveness of bovine immunoglobulin rich preparations. Typical sources of bovine IgG used in human studies are serum-derived IgG, colostrum, colostrum-derived IgG, or milk-derived immunoglobulins. In addition, many studies have used IgG from vaccinated cows, but studies using IgG from nonimmunized animals have also been reported to be effective. Mechanistically, bovine IgG binds to many human pathogens and allergens, can neutralize experimental infection of human cells, and limits gastrointestinal inflammation. Furthermore, bovine IgG binds to human Fc receptors which, enhances phagocytosis, killing of bacteria and antigen presentation and bovine IgG supports gastrointestinal barrier function in in vitro models. These mechanisms are becoming more and more established and explain why bovine IgG can have immunological effects in vivo. The inclusion of oral bovine immunoglobulins in specialized dairy products and infant nutrition may therefore be a promising approach to support immune function in vulnerable groups such as infants, children, elderly and immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Wageningen University & Research, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Allergy Consortium Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - John O Warner
- National Institute of Health Research, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for NW London, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - R J Joost van Neerven
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Wageningen University & Research, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen, Netherlands
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6
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Jahnsen FL, Bækkevold ES, Hov JR, Landsverk OJ. Do Long-Lived Plasma Cells Maintain a Healthy Microbiota in the Gut? Trends Immunol 2018; 39:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Hodzic Z, Schill EM, Bolock AM, Good M. IL-33 and the intestine: The good, the bad, and the inflammatory. Cytokine 2017; 100:1-10. [PMID: 28687373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been widely studied since its discovery in 2005 for its dichotomous functions in homeostasis and inflammation. IL-33, along with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), has been shown to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system. Originally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis was studied in the context of inducing type 2 immune responses with the expression of ST2 by T helper 2 (TH2) cells. However, the role of IL-33 is not limited to TH2 responses. Rather, IL-33 is a potent activator of TH1 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and CD8+ T cells. The intestine is uniquely important in this discussion, as the intestinal epithelium is distinctively positioned to interact with both pathogens and the immune cells housed in the mucosa. In the intestine, IL-33 is expressed by the pericryptal fibroblasts and its expression is increased particularly in disease states. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling aberrancy is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accordingly, for this review, we will focus on the role of IL-33 in the regulation of intestinal immunity, involvement in intestinal disease, and implication in potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Hodzic
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Merrick Schill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexa M Bolock
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Bunker JJ, Flynn TM, Koval JC, Shaw DG, Meisel M, McDonald BD, Ishizuka IE, Dent AL, Wilson PC, Jabri B, Antonopoulos DA, Bendelac A. Innate and Adaptive Humoral Responses Coat Distinct Commensal Bacteria with Immunoglobulin A. Immunity 2015; 43:541-53. [PMID: 26320660 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is prominently secreted at mucosal surfaces and coats a fraction of the intestinal microbiota. However, the commensal bacteria bound by IgA are poorly characterized and the type of humoral immunity they elicit remains elusive. We used bacterial flow cytometry coupled with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (IgA-Seq) in murine models of immunodeficiency to identify IgA-bound bacteria and elucidate mechanisms of commensal IgA targeting. We found that residence in the small intestine, rather than bacterial identity, dictated induction of specific IgA. Most commensals elicited strong T-independent (TI) responses that originated from the orphan B1b lineage and from B2 cells, but excluded natural antibacterial B1a specificities. Atypical commensals including segmented filamentous bacteria and Mucispirillum evaded TI responses but elicited T-dependent IgA. These data demonstrate exquisite targeting of distinct commensal bacteria by multiple layers of humoral immunity and reveal a specialized function of the B1b lineage in TI mucosal IgA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Bunker
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Theodore M Flynn
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason C Koval
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Dustin G Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Benjamin D McDonald
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Isabel E Ishizuka
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bana Jabri
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dionysios A Antonopoulos
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Kubinak JL, Petersen C, Stephens WZ, Soto R, Bake E, O'Connell RM, Round JL. MyD88 signaling in T cells directs IgA-mediated control of the microbiota to promote health. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:153-63. [PMID: 25620548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered commensal communities are associated with human disease. IgA mediates intestinal homeostasis and regulates microbiota composition. Intestinal IgA is produced at high levels as a result of T follicular helper cell (TFH) and B cell interactions in germinal centers. However, the pathways directing host IgA responses toward the microbiota remain unknown. Here, we report that signaling through the innate adaptor MyD88 in gut T cells coordinates germinal center responses, including TFH and IgA+ B cell development. TFH development is deficient in germ-free mice and can be restored by feeding TLR2 agonists that activate T cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling. Loss of this pathway diminishes high-affinity IgA targeting of the microbiota and fails to control the bacterial community, leading to worsened disease. Our findings identify that T cells converge innate and adaptive immune signals to coordinate IgA against the microbiota, constraining microbial community membership to promote symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - W Zac Stephens
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ray Soto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin Bake
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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