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Nishiyama K, Murakami R, Nakahata M, Zhou B, Hashikura N, Kaneko H, Namai F, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Xiao JZ, Kitazawa H, Odamaki T. Exploring strain-level diversity in the gut microbiome through mucin particle adhesion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0123524. [PMID: 39133001 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01235-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are a significant source of carbon for the gut bacteria. Various gut microbial species possess diverse hydrolytic enzymes and catabolic pathways for breaking down mucin glycans, resulting in competition for the limited nutrients within the gut environment. Adherence to mucin glycans represents a crucial strategy used by gut microbes to access nutrient reservoirs. Understanding these properties is pivotal for comprehending the survival mechanisms of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. However, characterization of individual strains within the vast array of coexisting bacteria in the microbiome is challenging. To investigate this, we developed mucin-immobilized particles by immobilizing porcine gastric mucin (PGM) onto glass beads chemically modified with boronic acid. These PGM-immobilized particles were then anaerobically cultured with human fecal microbiota, and the bacteria adhering to PGM were isolated. Interestingly, the microbiome composition remained largely unchanged irrespective of PGM immobilization. Nonetheless, bacteria isolated from PGM-immobilized glass particles exhibited notably higher N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity compared to the control beads. Furthermore, Bacteroides strains isolated from PGM-immobilized glass particles displayed enhanced adhesive and metabolic properties to PGM. These findings underscore the utility of PGM particles in enriching and isolating specific microbes. Moreover, they highlight substantial differences in microbial properties at the strain level. We anticipate that PGM-immobilized particles will advance culture-based microbiome research, emphasizing the significance of strain-level characterization. IMPORTANCE Metabolism of mucin glycans by gut bacteria represents a crucial strategy for accessing nutrient reservoirs. The efficacy of mucin glycan utilization among gut bacteria hinges on the metabolic capabilities of individual strains, necessitating meticulous strain-level characterization. In this investigation, we used glass beads chemically immobilized with mucins to selectively enrich bacteria from fecal fermentation cultures, based on their superior adhesion to and metabolism of mucin glycoproteins. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that the physical interactions between bacteria and mucin glycoprotein components directly correlate with their capacity to utilize mucins as nutrient sources. Furthermore, our study implies that physical proximity may significantly influence bacterial nutrient acquisition within the ecosystem, facilitating gut bacteria's access to carbohydrate components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fu Namai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Lee J, Menon N, Lim CT. Dissecting Gut-Microbial Community Interactions using a Gut Microbiome-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302113. [PMID: 38414327 PMCID: PMC11132043 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
While the human gut microbiota has a significant impact on gut health and disease, understanding of the roles of gut microbes, interactions, and collective impact of gut microbes on various aspects of human gut health is limited by the lack of suitable in vitro model system that can accurately replicate gut-like environment and enable the close visualization on causal and mechanistic relationships between microbial constitutents and the gut. , In this study, we present a scalable Gut Microbiome-on-a-Chip (GMoC) with great imaging capability and scalability, providing a physiologically relevant dynamic gut-microbes interfaces. This chip features a reproducible 3D stratified gut epithelium derived from Caco-2 cells (µGut), mimicking key intestinal architecture, functions, and cellular complexity, providing a physiolocially relevant gut environment for microbes residing in the gut. Incorporating tumorigenic bacteria, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), into the GMoC enable the observation of pathogenic behaviors of ETBF, leading to µGut disruption and pro-tumorigenic signaling activations. Pre-treating the µGut with a beneficial gut microbe Lactobacillus spp., effectively prevent ETBF-mediated gut pathogenesis, preserving the healthy state of the µGut through competition-mediated colonization resistance. The GMoC holds potential as a valuable tool for exploring unknown roles of gut microbes in microbe-induced pathogenesis and microbe-based therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech)National University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Nishanth Menon
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech)National University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
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3
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Hill CA, Casterline BW, Valguarnera E, Hecht AL, Shepherd ES, Sonnenburg JL, Bubeck Wardenburg J. Bacteroides fragilis toxin expression enables lamina propria niche acquisition in the developing mouse gut. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:85-94. [PMID: 38168616 PMCID: PMC11214347 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins are well-studied virulence factors; however, recent studies have revealed their importance in bacterial niche adaptation. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) expresses B. fragilis toxin (BFT) that we hypothesized may contribute to both colonic epithelial injury and niche acquisition. We developed a vertical transmission model for ETBF in mice that showed that BFT enabled ETBF to access a lamina propria (LP) niche during colonic microbiome development that was inaccessible to non-toxigenic B. fragilis. LP entry by ETBF required BFT metalloprotease activity, and showed temporal restriction to the pre-weaning period, dependent on goblet-cell-associated passages. In situ single-cell analysis showed bft expression at the apical epithelial surface and within the LP. BFT expression increased goblet cell number and goblet-cell-associated passage formation. These findings define a paradigm by which bacterial toxin expression specifies developmental niche acquisition, suggesting that a selective advantage conferred by a toxin may impact long-term host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin W Casterline
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Aaron L Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Sun J, Wen S, Wang Z, Liu W, Lin Y, Gu J, Mao W, Xu X, He Q, Cai X. Glaesserella parasuis QseBC two-component system senses epinephrine and regulates capD expression. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0150823. [PMID: 37882555 PMCID: PMC10714720 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01508-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The key bacterial pathogen Glaesserella parasuis, which can cause Glässer's disease, has caused significant financial losses to the swine industry worldwide. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor for bacteria, providing the ability to avoid recognition and killing by the host immune system. Exploring the alteration of CPS synthesis in G. parasuis in response to epinephrine stimulation can lay the groundwork for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of G. parasuis as well as providing ideas for Glässer's disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siting Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayun Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiting Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qigai He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Smith TJ, Sundarraman D, Melancon E, Desban L, Parthasarathy R, Guillemin K. A mucin-regulated adhesin determines the spatial organization and inflammatory character of a bacterial symbiont in the vertebrate gut. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1371-1385.e6. [PMID: 37516109 PMCID: PMC10492631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In a healthy gut, microbes are often aggregated with host mucus, yet the molecular basis for this organization and its impact on intestinal health are unclear. Mucus is a viscous physical barrier separating resident microbes from epithelia, but it also provides glycan cues that regulate microbial behaviors. Here, we describe a mucin-sensing pathway in an Aeromonas symbiont of zebrafish, Aer01. In response to the mucin-associated glycan N-acetylglucosamine, a sensor kinase regulates the expression of an aggregation-promoting adhesin we named MbpA. Upon MbpA disruption, Aer01 colonizes to normal levels but is largely planktonic and more pro-inflammatory. Increasing cell surface MbpA rescues these traits. MbpA-like adhesins are common in human-associated bacteria, and the expression of an Akkermansia muciniphila MbpA-like adhesin in MbpA-deficient Aer01 restores lumenal aggregation and reverses its pro-inflammatory character. Our work demonstrates how resident bacteria use mucin glycans to modulate behaviors congruent with host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jarrod Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Deepika Sundarraman
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Ellie Melancon
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Laura Desban
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Raghuveer Parthasarathy
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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6
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Adade EE, Stevick RJ, Pérez-Pascual D, Ghigo JM, Valm AM. Gnotobiotic zebrafish microbiota display inter-individual variability affecting host physiology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526612. [PMID: 36778358 PMCID: PMC9915576 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gnotobiotic animal models reconventionalized under controlled laboratory conditions with multi-species bacterial communities are commonly used to study host-microbiota interactions under presumably more reproducible conditions than conventional animals. The usefulness of these models is however limited by inter-animal variability in bacterial colonization and our general lack of understanding of the inter-individual fluctuation and spatio-temporal dynamics of microbiota assemblies at the micron to millimeter scale. Here, we show underreported variability in gnotobiotic models by analyzing differences in gut colonization efficiency, bacterial composition, and host intestinal mucus production between conventional and gnotobiotic zebrafish larvae re-conventionalized with a mix of 9 bacteria isolated from conventional microbiota. Despite similar bacterial community composition, we observed high variability in the spatial distribution of bacteria along the intestinal tract in the reconventionalized model. We also observed that, whereas bacteria abundance and intestinal mucus per fish were not correlated, reconventionalized fish had lower intestinal mucus compared to conventional animals, indicating that the stimulation of mucus production depends on the microbiota composition. Our findings, therefore, suggest that variable colonization phenotypes affect host physiology and impact the reproducibility of experimental outcomes in studies that use gnotobiotic animals. This work provides insights into the heterogeneity of gnotobiotic models and the need to accurately assess re-conventionalization for reproducibility in host-microbiota studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E. Adade
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Stevick
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris F-75015, France
| | - David Pérez-Pascual
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Alex M. Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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7
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Yang Y, Du H, Zou G, Song Z, Zhou Y, Li H, Tan C, Chen H, Fischetti VA, Li J. Encapsulation and delivery of phage as a novel method for gut flora manipulation in situ: A review. J Control Release 2023; 353:634-649. [PMID: 36464065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal flora regulation is an effective method to intervene and treat diseases associated with microbiome imbalance. In addition to conventional probiotic supplement, phage delivery has recently exhibited great prospect in modifying gut flora composition and regulating certain gene expression of gut bacteria. However, the protein structure of phage is vulnerable to external factors during storage and delivery, which leads to the loss of infection ability and flora regulation function. Encapsulation strategy provides an effective solution for improving phage stability and precisely controlling delivery dosage. Different functional materials including enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive polymers have been used to construct encapsulation carriers to protect phages from harsh conditions and release them in the colon. Meanwhile, diverse carriers showed different characteristics in structure and function, which influenced their protective effect and delivery efficiency. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on the phage encapsulation and delivery, with an emphasis on function properties of carrier systems in the protection effect and colon-targeted delivery. The present review may provide a theoretical reference for the encapsulation and delivery of phage as microbiota modulator, so as to expedite the development of functional material and delivery carrier, as well as the advances in practical application of intestinal flora regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Vincent A Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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8
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Scott N, Whittle E, Jeraldo P, Chia N. A systemic review of the role of enterotoxic Bacteroides fragilis in colorectal cancer. Neoplasia 2022; 29:100797. [PMID: 35461079 PMCID: PMC9046963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) has received significant attention for a possible association with, or causal role in, colorectal cancer (CRC). The goal of this review was to assess the status of the published evidence supporting (i) the association between ETBF and CRC and (ii) the causal role of ETBF in CRC. PubMed and Scopus searches were performed in August 2021 to identify human, animal, and cell studies pertaining to the role of ETBF in CRC. Inclusion criteria included the use of cell lines, mice, exposure to BFT or ETBF, and detection of bft. Review studies were excluded, and studies were limited to the English language. Quality of study design and risk of bias analysis was performed on the cell, animal, and human studies using ToxRTools, SYRCLE, and NOS, respectively. Ninety-five eligible studies were identified, this included 22 human studies, 24 animal studies, 43 cell studies, and 6 studies that included both cells and mice studies. We found that a large majority of studies supported an association or causal role of ETBF in CRC, as well as high levels of study bias was detected in the in vitro and in vivo studies. The high-level heterogeneity in study design and reporting made it difficult to synthesize these findings into a unified conclusion, suggesting that the need for future studies that include improved mechanistic models, longitudinal in vitro and in vivo evidence, and appropriate control of confounding factors will be required to confirm whether ETBF has a direct role in CRC etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Scott
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, 111 South Broadway, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Emma Whittle
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Patricio Jeraldo
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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9
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Shi G, Lin Y, Wu Y, Zhou J, Cao L, Chen J, Li Y, Tan N, Zhong S. Bacteroides fragilis Supplementation Deteriorated Metabolic Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Aorta Atherosclerosis by Inducing Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Animal Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112199. [PMID: 35684000 PMCID: PMC9183096 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbial ecosystem is an important factor that regulates host health and the onset of chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, which are important risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the links among diet, microbiota composition, and atherosclerotic progression are unclear. Methods and results: Four-week-old mice (-/- mice, C57Bl/6) were randomly divided into two groups, namely, supplementation with culture medium (control, CTR) and Bacteroides fragilis (BFS), and were fed a high-fat diet. The gut microbiota abundance in feces was evaluated using the 16S rDNA cloning library construction, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The atherosclerotic lesion was estimated using Oil Red O staining. Levels of CD36, a scavenger receptor implicated in atherosclerosis, and F4/80, a macrophage marker in small intestine, were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared with the CTR group, the BFS group showed increased food intake, fasting blood glucose level, body weight, low-density lipoprotein level, and aortic atherosclerotic lesions. BFS dramatically reduced Lactobacillaceae (LAC) abundance and increased Desulfovibrionaceae (DSV) abundance. The mRNA expression levels of CD36 and F4/80 in small intestine and aorta tissue in the BFS group were significantly higher than those in the CTR group. Conclusions: gut microbiota dysbiosis was induced by BFS. It was characterized by reduced LAC and increased DSV abundance and led to the deterioration of glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory response, which likely promoted aorta plaque formation and the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang 335100, China
| | - Yubi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Lixiang Cao
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510317, China;
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (N.T.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +8620-83827812-60298 (S.Z.)
| | - Ning Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (N.T.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +8620-83827812-60298 (S.Z.)
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary, Department of Pharmacy, Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (N.T.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +8620-83827812-60298 (S.Z.)
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10
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Bergstrom K, Xia L. The barrier and beyond: Roles of intestinal mucus and mucin-type O-glycosylation in resistance and tolerance defense strategies guiding host-microbe symbiosis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2052699. [PMID: 35380912 PMCID: PMC8986245 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2052699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our appreciation of the gut mucus has moved from a static lubricant to a dynamic and essential component of the gut ecosystem that not only mediates the interface between host tissues and vast microbiota, but regulates how this ecosystem functions to promote mutualistic symbioses and protect from microbe-driven diseases. By delving into the complex chemistry and biology of the mucus, combined with innovative in vivo and ex vivo approaches, recent studies have revealed novel insights into the formation and function of the mucus system, the O-glycans that make up this system, and how they mediate two major host-defense strategies - resistance and tolerance - to reduce damage caused by indigenous microbes and opportunistic pathogens. This current review summarizes these findings by highlighting the emerging roles of mucus and mucin-type O-glycans in influencing host and microbial physiology with an emphasis on host defense strategies against bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British ColumbiaV1V 1V7, Canada,Kirk Bergstrom Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, B.C. Canada
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA,CONTACT Lijun Xia Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA
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11
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Park SY, Rao C, Coyte KZ, Kuziel GA, Zhang Y, Huang W, Franzosa EA, Weng JK, Huttenhower C, Rakoff-Nahoum S. Strain-level fitness in the gut microbiome is an emergent property of glycans and a single metabolite. Cell 2022; 185:513-529.e21. [PMID: 35120663 PMCID: PMC8896310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota resides within a diverse chemical environment challenging our ability to understand the forces shaping this ecosystem. Here, we reveal that fitness of the Bacteroidales, the dominant order of bacteria in the human gut, is an emergent property of glycans and one specific metabolite, butyrate. Distinct sugars serve as strain-variable fitness switches activating context-dependent inhibitory functions of butyrate. Differential fitness effects of butyrate within the Bacteroides are mediated by species-level variation in Acyl-CoA thioesterase activity and nucleotide polymorphisms regulating an Acyl-CoA transferase. Using in vivo multi-omic profiles, we demonstrate Bacteroides fitness in the human gut is associated together, but not independently, with Acyl-CoA transferase expression and butyrate. Our data reveal that each strain of the Bacteroides exists within a unique fitness landscape based on the interaction of chemical components unpredictable by the effect of each part alone mediated by flexibility in the core genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yang Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chitong Rao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharine Z Coyte
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin A Kuziel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yancong Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wentao Huang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Cheng P, Shen P, Shan Y, Yang Y, Deng R, Chen W, Lu Y, Wei Z. Gut Microbiota-Mediated Modulation of Cancer Progression and Therapy Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626045. [PMID: 34568308 PMCID: PMC8455814 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in the development of various tumors has been a rising topic of public interest, and in recent years, many studies have reported a close relationship between microbial groups and tumor development. Gut microbiota play a role in host metabolism, and the positive and negative alterations of these microbiota have an effect on tumor treatment. The microbiota directly promote, eliminate, and coordinate the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and the toxicity of adjuvant drugs, and enhance the ability of patients to respond to tumors in adjuvant immunotherapy. In this review, we outline the significance of gut microbiota in tumor development, reveal its impacts on chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and discover various potential mechanisms whereby they influence tumor treatment. This review demonstrates the importance of intestinal microbiota-related research for clinical tumor treatment and provides additional strategy for clinical assistance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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13
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Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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14
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Fei Y, Chen Z, Han S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Lu Y, Berglund B, Xiao H, Li L, Yao M. Role of prebiotics in enhancing the function of next-generation probiotics in gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1037-1054. [PMID: 34323634 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1958744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing and molecular analysis technologies, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are increasingly gaining attention as live bacterial therapeutics for treatment of diseases. However, compared to traditional probiotics, NGPs are much more vulnerable to the harsh conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract, and their functional mechanisms in the gut are more complex. Prebiotics have been confirmed to play a critical role in improving the function and viability of traditional probiotics. Defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, prebiotics are also important for NGPs. This review summarizes potential prebiotics for use with NGPs and clarifies their characteristics and functional mechanisms. Then we particularly focus on illustrating the protective effects of various prebiotics by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and their resistance to digestive fluids. We also elucidate the role of prebiotics in regulating anti-bacterial effects, intestinal barrier maintenance, and cross-feeding mechanisms of NPGs. With the expanding range of candidate NGPs and prebiotic substrates, more studies need to be conducted to comprehensively elucidate the interactions between prebiotics and NGPs outside and inside hosts, in order to boost their nutritional and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Boleij A, Fathi P, Dalton W, Park B, Wu X, Huso D, Allen J, Besharati S, Anders RA, Housseau F, Mackenzie AE, Jenkins L, Milligan G, Wu S, Sears CL. G-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) regulates the colonic epithelial cell response to enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:585. [PMID: 33990686 PMCID: PMC8121840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)35 is highly expressed in the gastro-intestinal tract, predominantly in colon epithelial cells (CEC), and has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), suggesting a role in gastrointestinal inflammation. The enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) toxin (BFT) is an important virulence factor causing gut inflammation in humans and animal models. We identified that BFT signals through GPR35. Blocking GPR35 function in CECs using the GPR35 antagonist ML145, in conjunction with shRNA knock-down and CRISPRcas-mediated knock-out, resulted in reduced CEC-response to BFT as measured by E-cadherin cleavage, beta-arrestin recruitment and IL-8 secretion. Importantly, GPR35 is required for the rapid onset of ETBF-induced colitis in mouse models. GPR35-deficient mice showed reduced death and disease severity compared to wild-type C57Bl6 mice. Our data support a role for GPR35 in the CEC and mucosal response to BFT and underscore the importance of this molecule for sensing ETBF in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Boleij
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Payam Fathi
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Dalton
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology Center-Hematologic Malignancies, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ben Park
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology Center-Hematologic Malignancies, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Nashville, Tenessee, USA
| | - Xinqun Wu
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Huso
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jawara Allen
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sepideh Besharati
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Franck Housseau
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda E Mackenzie
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Galen JE, Wahid R, Buskirk AD. Strategies for Enhancement of Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Carrier Vaccine Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 33671124 PMCID: PMC7923097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of live-attenuated bacterial vaccines as carriers for the mucosal delivery of foreign antigens to stimulate the mucosal immune system was first proposed over three decades ago. This novel strategy aimed to induce immunity against at least two distinct pathogens using a single bivalent carrier vaccine. It was first tested using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain in clinical trials in 1984, with excellent humoral immune responses against the carrier strain but only modest responses elicited against the foreign antigen. Since then, clinical trials with additional Salmonella-based carrier vaccines have been conducted. As with the original trial, only modest foreign antigen-specific immunity was achieved in most cases, despite the incorporation of incremental improvements in antigen expression technologies and carrier design over the years. In this review, we will attempt to deconstruct carrier vaccine immunogenicity in humans by examining the basis of bacterial immunity in the human gastrointestinal tract and how the gut detects and responds to pathogens versus benign commensal organisms. Carrier vaccine design will then be explored to determine the feasibility of retaining as many characteristics of a pathogen as possible to elicit robust carrier and foreign antigen-specific immunity, while avoiding over-stimulation of unacceptably reactogenic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Rezwanul Wahid
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Amanda D. Buskirk
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Process and Facilities, Division of Microbiology Assessment II, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA;
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17
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Pierce JV, Fellows JD, Anderson DE, Bernstein HD. A clostripain-like protease plays a major role in generating the secretome of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:290-304. [PMID: 32996200 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) is a protein secreted by enterotoxigenic (ETBF) strains of B. fragilis. BFT is synthesized as a proprotein (proBFT) that is predicted to be a lipoprotein and that is cleaved into two discrete fragments by a clostripain-like protease called fragipain (Fpn). In this study, we obtained evidence that Fpn cleaves proBFT following its transport across the outer membrane. Remarkably, we also found that the disruption of the fpn gene led to a strong reduction in the level of >100 other proteins, many of which are predicted to be lipoproteins, in the culture medium of an ETBF strain. Experiments performed with purified Fpn provided direct evidence that the protease releases at least some of these proteins from the cell surface. The observation that wild-type cells outcompeted an fpn- strain in co-cultivation assays also supported the notion that Fpn plays an important role in cell physiology and is not simply dedicated to toxin biogenesis. Finally, we found that purified Fpn altered the adhesive properties of HT29 intestinal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that Fpn is a broad-spectrum protease that not only catalyzes the protein secretion on a wide scale but that also potentially cleaves host cell proteins during colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Pierce
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin D Fellows
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Eric Anderson
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harris D Bernstein
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Jasemi S, Emaneini M, Fazeli MS, Ahmadinejad Z, Nomanpour B, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Sechi LA, Feizabadi MM. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm-forming ability in Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:28. [PMID: 32518594 PMCID: PMC7273666 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been alarmingly reported all over the world. In this study, simultaneous investigation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm formation ability of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from patients with colorectal cancer was performed. Methods Thirty-one patients diagnosed with CRC and thirty-one control subjects were recruited in this study. Specimens were cultured on BBE and BBA culture media. Classical phenotypic identification tests and PCR was performed to verify Bacteroides fragilis presence. Also, biofilm-forming ability and expression of bft gene were assessed under biofilm and planktonic forms. Results A total of 68 B.fragilis was isolated from all colorectal tissue, of which 13 isolates (19.1%) (11 isolates from CRC and 2 from normal tissue) were positive for bft gene. The abundance patterns of I, II and III were as follow in descending order; pattern I > pattern III > pattern II in CRC subjects and pattern II > pattern III > pattern I in normal tissues. Also, pattern I showed higher biofilm formation ability compared to other patterns. Toxin expression was significantly reduced in biofilm form comparing with planktonic form. Conclusions Based on our findings, there was a difference between the abundance of patterns I, II, and III and biofilm formation in isolates obtained from CRC and normal tissues. Biofilm formation ability and toxin encoding gene (bft) are two main virulence factors in B. fragilis pathogenicity which require more investigation to treat B. fragilis infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadinejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bizhan Nomanpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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19
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Tomkovich S, Gharaibeh RZ, Dejea CM, Pope JL, Jiang J, Winglee K, Gauthier J, Newsome RC, Yang Y, Fodor AA, Schmittgen TD, Sears CL, Jobin C. Human Colon Mucosal Biofilms and Murine Host Communicate via Altered mRNA and microRNA Expression during Cancer. mSystems 2020; 5:e00451-19. [PMID: 31937674 PMCID: PMC6967385 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00451-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted interactions between host and intestinal bacteria are implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, activities derived from these bacteria and their interplay with the host are unclear. Here, we examine this interplay by performing mouse and microbiota RNA sequencing on colon tissues and 16S and small RNA sequencing on stools from germfree (GF) and gnotobiotic ApcMin Δ 850/+ ;Il10-/- mice associated with microbes from biofilm-positive human CRC tumor (BF+T) and biofilm-negative healthy (BF-bx) tissues. The bacteria in BF+T mice differentially expressed (DE) >2,900 genes, including genes related to bacterial secretion, virulence, and biofilms but affected only 62 host genes. Small RNA sequencing of stools from these cohorts revealed eight significant DE host microRNAs (miRNAs) based on biofilm status and several miRNAs that correlated with bacterial taxon abundances. Additionally, computational predictions suggest that some miRNAs preferentially target bacterial genes while others primarily target mouse genes. 16S rRNA sequencing of mice that were reassociated with mucosa-associated communities from the initial association revealed a set of 13 bacterial genera associated with cancer that were maintained regardless of whether the reassociation inoculums were initially obtained from murine proximal or distal colon tissues. Our findings suggest that complex interactions within bacterial communities affect host-derived miRNA, bacterial composition, and CRC development.IMPORTANCE Bacteria and bacterial biofilms have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is still unclear what genes these microbial communities express and how they influence the host. MicroRNAs regulate host gene expression and have been explored as potential biomarkers for CRC. An emerging area of research is the ability of microRNAs to impact growth and gene expression of members of the intestinal microbiota. This study examined the bacteria and bacterial transcriptome associated with microbes derived from biofilm-positive human cancers that promoted tumorigenesis in a murine model of CRC. The murine response to different microbial communities (derived from CRC patients or healthy people) was evaluated through RNA and microRNA sequencing. We identified a complex interplay between biofilm-associated bacteria and the host during CRC in mice. These findings may lead to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutics for identifying and treating biofilm-associated CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomkovich
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine M Dejea
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jillian L Pope
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jinmai Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn Winglee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josee Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel C Newsome
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas D Schmittgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Valguarnera E, Wardenburg JB. Good Gone Bad: One Toxin Away From Disease for Bacteroides fragilis. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:765-785. [PMID: 31857085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by hundreds of trillions of microorganisms whose acquisition begins during early infancy. Species from the Bacteroides genus are ubiquitous commensals, comprising about thirty percent of the human gut microbiota. Bacteroides fragilis is one of the least abundant Bacteroides species, yet is the most common anaerobe isolated from extraintestinal infections in humans. A subset of B. fragilis strains carry a genetic element that encodes a metalloprotease enterotoxin named Bacteroides fragilis toxin, or BFT. Toxin-bearing strains, or Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) cause acute and chronic intestinal disease in children and adults. Despite this association with disease, around twenty percent of the human population appear to be asymptomatic carriers of ETBF. BFT damages the colonic epithelial barrier by inducing cleavage of the zonula adherens protein E-cadherin and initiating a cell signaling response characterized by inflammation and c-Myc-dependent pro-oncogenic hyperproliferation. As a consequence, mice harboring genetic mutations that predispose to colonic inflammation or tumor formation are uniquely susceptible to toxin-mediated injury. The recent observation of ETBF-bearing biofilms in colon biopsies from humans with colon cancer susceptibility loci strongly suggests that ETBF is a driver of colorectal cancer. This article will address ETBF biology from a host-pathobiont perspective, including clinical data, analysis of molecular mechanisms of disease, and the complex ecological context of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Valguarnera
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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21
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Etienne-Mesmin L, Chassaing B, Desvaux M, De Paepe K, Gresse R, Sauvaitre T, Forano E, de Wiele TV, Schüller S, Juge N, Blanquet-Diot S. Experimental models to study intestinal microbes–mucus interactions in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:457-489. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raphaële Gresse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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22
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Du Toit A. Bacterial pathogenesis: It takes two to tango. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:642. [PMID: 29021597 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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