1
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Wang G, Chen Y, Lv W, Jia Z, Chen H, Chen X. Rapid and in-situ preparation COFs coated capillary by adsorption method for the separation and determination of phthalate ester using CEC. Talanta 2024; 270:125617. [PMID: 38176250 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
As a novel class of stationary phase materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great promise in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. However, the current preparation of COFs coating capillaries heavily relies on tedious and time-consuming covalent bond methods. In this work, a novel, simple and rapid adsorption method was developed for fabrication of TPB-DMTP COF (fabricated from 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) and 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde (DMTP)) coated capillary. Due to the crystallization process of the COF is greatly shortened because pre-modification capillary does not require silane coupling agent, this method enables the rapid preparation of COFs-coated capillaries. The organic molecular building units only need 25 min to form a stable COFs coating on the inner wall of a capillary by this method. To our knowledge, this is the shortest method for preparing COFs coated capillary up to now. The performance of the TPB-DMTP COF coated capillary was evaluated by using phthalate esters as model analytes. The results demonstrated that the TPB-DMTP COF coated capillary has excellent repeatability and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the analyte's retention time of intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column were in the range of 0.05 %-0.27 %, 0.31 %-0.63 % and 0.31 %-0.88 %, respectively. And, no significant changes were observed in separation efficiency and retention time after over 200 runs. Finally, the TPB-DMTP COF coated capillary was applied for the determination of phthalates in marketed plastic bag and the recovery ranged from 88.0 % to 114.0 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Beijing Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Yonglei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhe Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xingguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Sun X, Niu B, Zhang Q, Chen Q. MIL-53-based homochiral metal–organic framework as a stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:509-516. [PMID: 35811623 PMCID: PMC9257441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author.
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3
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Sun W, Liu Y, Zhou W, Li Z, Chen Z. In-situ growth of a spherical vinyl-functionalized covalent organic framework as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2021; 230:122330. [PMID: 33934787 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Column technology is an important part in capillary electrochromatographic science. Developing novel stationary phase with high separation efficiency and high loading capacity is an essential work. In this work, a novel spherical vinyl-functionalized covalent-organic framework (COF-V) was synthesized at room temperature and firstly employed as stationary phase for CEC-MS analysis. The COF-V based CEC column was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results proved the successful modification of COF-V. The COF-V based column possesses the advantages like strong electroosmotic flow, high separation efficiency and high loading capacity. The CEC column showed powerful separation selectivity to several kinds of compounds, and the highest column efficiency (theoretical plates, N) was over 1.4 × 105 plates·m-1 for methylbenzene. Besides, the COF-V modified column exhibited excellent repeatability and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention times for intra-day (n = 5), inter-day (n = 3) runs and column-to-column (n = 3) were all less than 2.1%. Hence, the COF-V modified column was successfully applied in CEC-MS for determination of antiepileptic drug, triazine herbicides and active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
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4
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Ding W, Ma M, Du Y, Chen C, Ma X. Metal organic framework ZIF-90 modified with lactobionic acid for use in improved open tubular capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation of five basic drugs. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:651. [PMID: 33174063 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An in situ zeolite imidazole metal organic framework-90 (ZIF-90) modified capillary was prepared via the method of solvothermal synthesis. The coating of ZIF-90 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and EOF. Capillary electrochromatography-based enantioseparation of the basic drugs propranolol (PRO), metoprolol (MET), atenolol (ATE), bisoprolol (BIS), and sotalol (SOT) was performed using lactobionic acid (LA) as the chiral selector. Compared with an uncoated silica capillary, the resolutions are greatly improved (PRO 1.40 → 3.23; MET 1.07 → 3.19; ATE 1.07 → 3.15; BIS 1.16 → 3.41; SOT 1.00 → 2.79). Effects of buffer pH values, proportion of organic additives, concentration of lactobionic acid, and applied voltage were investigated. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) modified capillary (ZIF-90@capillary) for enantioseparation of drug enantiomers. The capillary was applied to construct capillary electrochromatography system with lactobionic acid for enantioseparation of basic chiral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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5
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Li Z, Mao Z, Zhou W, Chen Z. γ-Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework supported by polydopamine as stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Talanta 2020; 218:121160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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6
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Li Z, Mao Z, Hu C, Li Q, Chen Z. Fluoro-functionalized stationary phases for electrochromatographic separation of organic fluorides. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461269. [PMID: 32709321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorous affinity means remarkably specific interaction between highly organic fluorides. This work aims to explore the potential of fluoro-functionalized stationary phase for the separation of organic fluorides by means of fluorous-fluorous interaction. Here, by using the Michael addition strategy between 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT) and polydopamine (PD), a novel fluoro-functionalized stationary phase was synthesized for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The PFDT@PD was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS). The PFDT@PD@capillary exhibited outstanding separation performance towards neutral compounds (such as alkylbenzenes and chlorobenzenes) and organic fluorides (such as fluorobenzenes and perfluoroalkyl methacrylates etc.) with high resolution and high separation efficiency by hydrophobic interaction and fluorous-fluorous interaction. In addition, the column shows good stability and reproducibility. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time for intra-day (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 3) runs and between columns (n = 3) are less than 0.39%, 1.22% and 3.87%, respectively. This novel type of fluoro-functionalized stationary phase represents a great application potential in organic fluorides separation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yan C. Open-tubular Capillary Electrochromatography with Janus Structured Au-Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Coating as Stationary Phase. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:413-418. [PMID: 31656248 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based capillary column was fabricated by magnetic approach for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The bifunctional dumbbell-like Janus Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Au-Fe3O4 NPs) were prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis strategy, and the morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Multilayers Au-Fe3O4 NPs were easily coated onto the inner surface of silica capillary by an external magnetic field to generate an Au-Fe3O4 NPs-based column. Compared with a bare capillary, the modified surface exhibited more stable and suppressed electroosmotic mobility. The column showed good separation efficiency for neutral analytes in the OT-CEC separation mode, with theoretical plate numbers of up to 79705 per meter for naphthalene. The successful separation of dihydroxy benzene isomers and proteins demonstrated that the column exhibits a reasonable separation performance. The reproducibility of the Au-Fe3O4 NPs capillary was studied, with relative standard deviations (RSD) for day-to-day and column-to-column less than 1 and 1.75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Jing Li
- Unimicro (Shanghai) Technologies Co., Ltd
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
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8
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Gold nanoparticles coated with a tetramethylammonium lactobionate ionic liquid for enhanced chiral differentiation in open tubular capillary electrochromatography: application to enantioseparation of β-blockers. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:170. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Mejía-Carmona K, Soares da Silva Burato J, Borsatto JVB, de Toffoli AL, Lanças FM. Miniaturization of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Maltodextrin-modified graphene oxide for improved enantiomeric separation of six basic chiral drugs by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Sun X, Tao Y, Du Y, Ding W, Chen C, Ma X. Metal organic framework HKUST-1 modified with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin for use in improved open tubular capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation of five basic drugs. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:462. [PMID: 31227901 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work shows that the metal organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1 of type Cu3(BTC)2 (also referred to as MOF-199; a face-centered-cubic MOF containing nanochannels) is a most viable coating for use in enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography (CEC). A HKUST-1 modified capillary was prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. CEC-based enantioseparation of the basic drugs propranolol (PRO), esmolol (ESM), metoprolol (MET), amlodipine (AML) and sotalol (SOT) was performed by using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector. Compared with a fused-silica capillary, the resolutions are improved (ESM: 1.79; MET: 1.80; PRO: 4.35; SOT: 1.91; AML: 2.65). The concentration of chiral selector, buffer pH value, applied voltage and buffer concentration were optimized, and the reproducibilities of the migration times and Rs values were evaluated. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of a HKUST-1@capillary for enantioseparation of racemic drugs. Cu(NO3)2 and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) were utilized to prepare the HKUST-1@capillary. Then the capillary was applied to construct capillary electrochromatography system with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) for separation of basic racemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
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12
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Li Z, Mao Z, Chen Z. Polydopamine-assisted immobilization of a zinc(II)-derived metal-organic cage as a stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:449. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with β-cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as stationary phase for enantioseparation of dansylated amino acids. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:244. [PMID: 30877441 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with β-cyclodextrin and mono-6-deoxy-6-(1-methylimidazolium)-β-cyclodextrin tosylate (an ionic liquid), which called MNP-β-CD and MNP-β-CD-IL, were coated into the capillary inner wall. Compared to an uncoated capillary, the new systems show good reproducibility and durability. The systems based on the use of MNP-β-CD or MNP-β-CD-IL as stationary phases were established for enantioseparation of Dns-modified amino acids. Improved resolutions were obtained for both CEC systems. Primary parameters such as running buffer pH value and applied voltage were systematically optimized in order to obtain optimal enantioseparations. Under the optimized conditions, the capillaries exhibited excellent chiral recognition ability for six Dns-amino acids (the DL-forms of alanine, leucine, lsoleucine, valine, methionine, glutamic acid) and provided a promising way for the preparation of chiral column. Graphical Abstract Schematic presentation of the open-tubular capillary electrochromatography systems with MNP-β-CD and MNP-β-CD-IL as stationary phases for enantioseparation of dansylated amino acids.
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14
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Sun X, Du Y, Zhao S, Huang Z, Feng Z. Enantioseparation of propranolol, amlodipine and metoprolol by electrochromatography using an open tubular capillary modified with β-cyclodextrin and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:128. [PMID: 30694392 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inner wall of a capillary was coated with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to form tentacle-type coating, and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PGMA NPs) were then immobilized on the film. Ethanediamine-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector was covalently bonded into the PGMA NPs through the ring-open reaction. The materials were characterized by SEM, TEM and FT-IR. The modified column was applied to the enantioseparation of the racemates of propranolol, amlodipine and metoprolol. Compared to a capillary with a single layer of CD-PGMA (without GMA coating) and to a CD-GMA system (without PGMA nanoparticles), the performance of the capillary is strongly improved. The effects of buffer pH value and applied voltage were optimized. Best resolutions (propranolol: 1.27, metoprolol: 1.01 and amlodipine: 2.93) were obtained when using the PGMA-coated capillary system. The run-to-run, day-to-day and column-to-column reproducibility were tested and found to be highly attractive. The new stationary phase is likely to have a large potential and scope in that it may also be applied to chiral separations of other enantiomers, such as amino acids and biogenic amines. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of a capillary column with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) coating which was then immobilized with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles and ethanediamine-β-cyclodextrin. This novel open tubular column was applied to construct capillary electrochromatography system for separation of basic racemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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15
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Li Z, Mao Z, Chen Z. In-situ growth of a metal organic framework composed of zinc(II), adeninate and biphenyldicarboxylate as a stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Tang P, Wang R, Chen Z. In situ growth of Zr-based metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH 2 for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2619-2625. [PMID: 29660144 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The high stability and other properties of Zr(IV)-based metal organic frameworks(MOFs) make it a promising choice for chromatographic separation, while the application in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) separation has not been explored yet. Herein, we report the first example of the in-situ growth of UiO-66-NH2 onto the capillary for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. UiO-66-NH2 consists of ZrCl4 and 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, which is highly porous and stable in a variety of solvents. The prepared UiO-66-NH2 modified capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and the results confirmed the successful growth of the UiO-66-NH2 . The baseline separation of chlorobenzenes, phenoxyacids and two groups of phenols was achieved owing to the combined interaction of π-π interaction, hydrophobic interaction, molecular sieve effect, electrophoretic migration and hydrogen-bonding interaction etc. Besides, the prepared capillaries showed good reproducibility, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column runs in the range of 1.38-2.60%, 3.39-4.05%, and 3.47-5.03%, respectively. Our work indicates Zr(IV)-based MOFs are promising materials as stationary phase in CEC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxiu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Qian HL, Yang CX, Wang WL, Yang C, Yan XP. Advances in covalent organic frameworks in separation science. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1542:1-18. [PMID: 29496190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of multifunctional crystalline organic polymer constructed with organic monomers via robust covalent bonds. The unique properties such as convenient modification, low densities, large specific surface areas, good stability and permanent porosity make COFs great potential in separation science. This review shows the state-of-the art for the application of COFs and their composites in analytical separation science. COFs and their composites have been explored as promising sorbents for solid phase extraction, potential coatings for solid phase microextraction, and novel stationary phases for gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. The prospects of COFs for separation science are also presented, which can offer an outlook and reference for further study on the applications of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China.
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18
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Capillary electrochromatography using knitted aromatic polymer as the stationary phase for the separation of small biomolecules and drugs. Talanta 2018; 178:650-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Liu X, Sun S, Nie R, Ma J, Qu Q, Yang L. Highly uniform porous silica layer open-tubular capillary columns produced via in-situ biphasic sol–Gel processing for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1538:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Xu YY, Lv WJ, Ren CL, Niu XY, Chen HL, Chen XG. In situ preparation of multilayer coated capillary column with HKUST-1 for separation of neutral small organic molecules by open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:223-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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In situ immobilization of layered double hydroxides as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1530:219-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Lynch KB, Chen A, Liu S. Miniaturized high-performance liquid chromatography instrumentation. Talanta 2017; 177:94-103. [PMID: 29108588 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has attracted increasing attention for its potential in high-throughput analyses and point-of-care applications. In this review we highlight the recent advancements in HPLC system miniaturization. We focus on the major components that constitute these instruments along with their respective advantages and drawbacks as well as present a few representative miniaturized HPLC systems. We discuss briefly some of the applications and also anticipate the future development trends of these instrumental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, USA.
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, USA
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23
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. CE and nanomaterials - Part II: Nanomaterials in CE. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2405-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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24
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González-Curbelo MÁ, Varela-Martínez DA, Socas-Rodríguez B, Hernández-Borges J. Recent applications of nanomaterials in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2431-2446. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Angélica Varela-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad EAN; Bogotá D.C. Colombia
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); San Cristóbal de La Laguna España
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); San Cristóbal de La Laguna España
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); San Cristóbal de La Laguna España
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25
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Xiao X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jia L. Facile preparation of fibrin coated open tubular column for characterization of monoclonal antibody variants by capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:377-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Li Y, Bao T, Chen Z. Polydopamine‐assisted immobilization of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:954-961. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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27
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Liu Z, Du Y, Feng Z. Enantioseparation of drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a stationary phase covalently modified with graphene oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-2014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Mikšík I. Capillary electrochromatography of proteins and peptides (2006-2015). J Sep Sci 2016; 40:251-271. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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29
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Tarongoy FM, Haddad PR, Boysen RI, Hearn MTW, Quirino JP. Open tubular-capillary electrochromatography: Developments and applications from 2013 to 2015. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:66-85. [PMID: 26497640 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Open tubular CEC (OT-CEC) separates analyte mixtures by a combination of electrophoretic, electro-osmotic, and/or chromatographic effects. OT-CEC research is an active and growing field, with studies encompassing a wide range of investigations related to new strategies for chemical modification of the inner surface of the capillary, leading to the introduction of novel stationary phase coatings. This review has examined the literature on OT-CEC from 2013 to August 2015 and highlights the developments in the fabrication of highly selective stationary phases, based on materials that include cyclodextrin chiral selectors, graphene and graphene oxide, metal-organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted polymers, nanoparticles, nanolatex particles, nanocomposites, in situ generated polymers, block polymers, tentacle-type polymers, polyelectrolyte multilayers, polysaccharides, phospholipids, and proteins. This review, while considering the development of novel OT-CEC coating materials, specifically examines different immobilization or coating methodologies and approaches and also discusses the separation mechanisms that occur with these new materials. These OT-CEC coatings are intended mainly to separate low molecular weight molecules relevant to the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries as well as for use in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino M Tarongoy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Reinhard I Boysen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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30
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Xiao X, Jia L. Separation of monoclonal antibody charge state variants by open tubular capillary electrochromatography with immobilised protein as stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Enantioseparations in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography: Recent advances and applications. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:145-154. [PMID: 27461922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances and applications in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for enantioseparations during the last decade. Although extensive research has been conducted in the area of separations by use of CEC, and a big number of reviews have been published, there is not a review on exclusively the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in OT-CEC for enantioseparations. Therefore, in this review, the design and synthesis of different CSPs are presented, and their potential applications in OT-CEC for enantioseparations are discussed. The different approaches to CSP development include chiral nanomaterials, porous layers, molecular imprinting, sol-gel technique, polyelectrolyte multilayer coating, polymeric coating and others.
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32
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Bao T, Tang P, Mao Z, Chen Z. An immobilized carboxyl containing metal-organic framework-5 stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2016; 154:360-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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Tang P, Bao T, Chen Z. Novel Zn-based MOFs stationary phase with large pores for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2181-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingxiu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
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34
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Sepehrifar R, Boysen RI, Danylec B, Yang Y, Saito K, Hearn MT. Application of pH-responsive poly(2-dimethyl-aminoethylmethacrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) coatings for the open-tubular capillary electrochromatographic analysis of acidic and basic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 917:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Polydopamine-supported immobilization of covalent-organic framework-5 in capillary as stationary phase for electrochromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1445:140-8. [PMID: 27062718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive materials for their fascinating properties, such as rigid structures, exceptional thermal stabilities, low densities, and permanent porosity with specific surface areas, which indicate potential for application in chromatography similar to related metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, the utilization of COFs in analytical chemistry is far behind as compared to that of the MOFs due to the challenging work of their immobilization. Here, we have successfully demonstrated the growth of the boron COF-5 on the inner wall of the fused silica capillary by a developed polydopamine-supported method. Combined with the layer-by-layer strategy, multilayer COF-5-coated capillary was obtained. The formation of COF-5 on polydopamine-coated substrate has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. A novel stationary phase of COF-5 was developed on the basis of successful growth of COF-5 on polydopamine for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). Baseline separation of neutral, acidic and basic analytes was achieved on multilayer COF-5-coated capillary column. The fabricated capillary columns showed high column efficiency (154,060 plates/m for methylbenzene), excellent stability and repeatability. The precision (relative standard deviation (RSD), n=3) of retention time, peak height, and peak area for tested neutral compounds were in the range of 1.2-1.3%, 1.8-4.2%, and 0.9-2.4%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first demonstration that COF-5 was developed as a novel stationary phase.
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36
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Niu X, Ding S, Wang W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Chen X. Separation of small organic molecules using covalent organic frameworks-LZU1 as stationary phase by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1436:109-17. [PMID: 26858115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted much attention because of their permanent nanoscale porosity and higher surface area compared to zeolites as well as robustness. COFs have great potential in several fields such as hydrogen storage, gas separation, and catalysis. However, COFs have not yet been applied in capillary electrochromatography. Herein, covalent organic frameworks-LZU1 (COF-LZU1) was used as the stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography for the first time. Compared to the monoliths used in electrochromatography, the preparation technique of a COF-LZU1-coated capillary was simple and practical. The baseline separation of model analytes including alkylbenzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and anilines by the COF-LZU1-coated capillary was achieved based on the size selectivity of COF-LZU1 porous structure and hydrophobic interactions between the model analytes and organic ligands of COF-LZU1. The load capacity of the COF-LZU1-coated capillary for naphthalene was 0.6mg/mL. For three consecutive runs, the intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.4-2.6% for the migration time and 2.7-8.7% for the peak area. The interday RSDs were 1.3-3.9% for the migration time and 3.7-9.7% for the peak area. The column-to-column reproducibility of migration time was in the range 1.0-3.9%. Moreover, the coated capillary was used for >300 runs with no changes in the separation efficiency. Thus, COFs have great potential in capillary electrochromatography and may provide a new method for chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Sanyuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yinyin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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37
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De Smet S, Lynen F. Investigation of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-vinylsulfonic acid) as retentive and electroosmotic flow generating phase in open-tubular electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1404:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Qu Q, Liu Y, Shi W, Yan C, Tang X. Tunable thick porous silica coating fabricated by multilayer-by-multilayer bonding of silica nanoparticles for open-tubular capillary chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1399:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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A Comprehensive Study of Silanization and Co-Condensation for Straightforward Single-Step Covalent Neutral Capillary Coating. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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41
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In situ synthesis of homochiral metal–organic framework in capillary column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:207-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Aydoğan C. Open-tubular CEC with a new triethanolamine bonded stationary phase for biomolecule separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 976-977:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Sun W, Dong Y, Cui H, Zhao H, He Y, Ding Y, Li X, Yuan Z. Cyclodextrin-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Capillary Electrochromatography with Online Sample Stacking for Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Aminobenzoic Acid Isomers. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Thurmann S, Dittmar A, Belder D. A low pressure on-chip injection strategy for high-performance chip-based chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Yu LQ, Yang CX, Yan XP. Room temperature fabrication of post-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 as stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Cheong WJ. Fritting techniques in chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:603-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Jo Cheong
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Namku; Incheon South Korea
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48
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Aydoğan C, Çetin K, Denizli A. Novel tentacle-type polymer stationary phase grafted with anion exchange polymer chains for open tubular CEC of nucleosides and proteins. Analyst 2014; 139:3790-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01897k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Yamini Y, Seidi S, Rezazadeh M. Electrical field-induced extraction and separation techniques: promising trends in analytical chemistry--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 814:1-22. [PMID: 24528839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is an important issue in analytical chemistry, and is often a bottleneck in chemical analysis. So, the major incentive for the recent research has been to attain faster, simpler, less expensive, and more environmentally friendly sample preparation methods. The use of auxiliary energies, such as heat, ultrasound, and microwave, is one of the strategies that have been employed in sample preparation to reach the above purposes. Application of electrical driving force is the current state-of-the-art, which presents new possibilities for simplifying and shortening the sample preparation process as well as enhancing its selectivity. The electrical driving force has scarcely been utilized in comparison with other auxiliary energies. In this review, the different roles of electrical driving force (as a powerful auxiliary energy) in various extraction techniques, including liquid-, solid-, and membrane-based methods, have been taken into consideration. Also, the references have been made available, relevant to the developments in separation techniques and Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) systems. All aspects of electrical driving force in extraction and separation methods are too specific to be treated in this contribution. However, the main aim of this review is to provide a brief knowledge about the different fields of analytical chemistry, with an emphasis on the latest efforts put into the electrically assisted membrane-based sample preparation systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches as well as the new achievements in these areas have been discussed, which might be helpful for further progress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Xu L, Cui P, Wang D, Tang C, Dong L, Zhang C, Duan H, Yang VC. Preparation and characterization of lysine-immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticle-coated capillary for the separation of amino acids by open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1323:179-83. [PMID: 24331372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and chemically immobilized for the first time onto a capillary inner wall for open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OTCEC). The immobilization of PGMA NPs onto the capillary was attained by a ring-opening reaction between the NPs and an amino-silylated fused capillary inner surface. Scanning electron micrographs clearly demonstrated that the NPs were bound to the capillary inner surface in a dense monolayer. The PGMA NP-coated column was then functionalized by lysine (Lys). After fuctionalization, the capillary can afford strong anodic electroosmotic flow, especially in acidic running buffers. Separations of three amino acids (including tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) were performed in NP-modified, monolayer Lys-functionalized and bare uncoated capillaries. Results indicated that the NP-coated column can provide more retention and higher resolution for analytes due to the hydrophobic interaction between analytes and the NP-coating. Run-to-run and column-to-column reproducibilities in the separation of the amino acids using the NP-modified column were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Linyi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Can Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Hongquan Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
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