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Kiiski I, Ollikainen E, Artes S, Järvinen P, Jokinen V, Sikanen T. Drug glucuronidation assays on human liver microsomes immobilized on microfluidic flow-through reactors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Wu L, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhan Z, Liang Z, Zhang T, Cai Z, Ye L, Liu M, Zhao J, Liu S, Tang L. Emodin-induced hepatotoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid through inhibiting UGTs and MRP2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:91-101. [PMID: 30248416 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aggravating effect of probenecid (a traditional anti-gout agent) on emodin-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in this study. 33.3% rats died in combination group, while no death was observed in rats treated with emodin alone or probenecid alone, indicating that emodin-induced (150 mg/kg) hepatotoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid (100 mg/kg). In toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TK-TD) study, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and systemic exposure (area under the serum concentration-time curve, AUC) of emodin and its glucuronide were significantly increased in rats after co-administrated with emodin and probenecid for 28 consecutive days. Results showed that the increased AUC (increased by 85.9%) of emodin was mainly caused by the decreased enzyme activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs, decreased by 11.8%-58.1%). In addition, AUC of emodin glucuronide was increased 5-fold, which was attributed to the decrease of multidrug-resistant-protein 2 (MRP2) protein levels (decreased by 54.4%). Similarly, in vitro experiments proved that probenecid reduced the cell viability of emodin-treated HepG2 cells through inhibiting UGT1A9, UGT2B7 and MRP2. Our findings demonstrated that emodin-induced hepatoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid through inhibition of UGTs and MRP2 in vivo and in vitro, indicating that gout patients should avoid taking emodin-containing preparations in combination with probenecid for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Han Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhikun Zhan
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China..
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3
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Schejbal J, Glatz Z. Immobilized-enzyme reactors integrated with capillary electrophoresis for pharmaceutical research. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:323-335. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schejbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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4
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Ma H, Bai Y, Li J, Chang YX. Screening bioactive compounds from natural product and its preparations using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:260-274. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yun Bai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
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5
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Farcaş E, Pochet L, Crommen J, Servais AC, Fillet M. Capillary electrophoresis in the context of drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:195-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Forsberg EM, Brennan JD. Bio-Solid-Phase Extraction/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Mixtures. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8457-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5022166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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8
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Kampe T, König A, Schroeder H, Hengstler JG, Niemeyer CM. Modular Microfluidic System for Emulation of Human Phase I/Phase II Metabolism. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3068-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kampe
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
Chemie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anna König
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
Chemie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schroeder
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
Chemie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chimera
Biotec GmbH, Emil-Figge-Str.
76 A, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz-Institut
für Arbeitsforschung (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
Chemie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces
(IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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9
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Ishizuka F, Liu X, Murayama S, Santa T, Kato M. Development of a spatiotemporal method to control molecular function by using silica-based photodegradable nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4153-4158. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00536h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel silica-based photodegradable nanoparticles were developed. The nanoparticle is a useful tool for the spatiotemporal control of various molecular functions because they permit the quick and transient release of encapsulated molecules after short-term irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Ishizuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and GPLLI Program
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Center for Medical Systems Innovation Summer Internship Program
- The University of Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Shuhei Murayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and GPLLI Program
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Santa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and GPLLI Program
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and GPLLI Program
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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10
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Nowak P, Woźniakiewicz M, Kościelniak P. An overview of on-line systems using drug metabolizing enzymes integrated into capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2604-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nowak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Kraków; Poland
| | - Michał Woźniakiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Kraków; Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Kraków; Poland
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11
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Lee JH, Kim HG, Oh JH, Lee YJ. Dramatic increase in hepatic and biliary curcumin exposure by modulation of its elimination pathway in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:423-9. [PMID: 23356851 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcumin, a major component of the food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), has multiple beneficial effects on diseases of the liver and bile duct. We have investigated whether modulation of the curcumin elimination pathway could increase its hepatic and biliary exposure in rats. METHODS Probenecid, an inhibitor of the metabolism and biliary excretion of curcumin, was used as a modulator. After intravenous administration of curcumin at a dose of 18 mg/kg/h without (control) or with co-infusion of probenecid (230 mg/kg/h) in rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin were estimated. KEY FINDINGS Coadministration of probenecid significantly increased the total area under the plasma (1.88-fold) and bile (6.73-fold) concentration-time curves from 0 to 80 min of curcumin relative to those in the controls. The tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio in the liver was also dramatically increased (69.3-fold) by probenecid. These results may be attributed to the dual inhibitory effects of probenecid, to a greater extent, on metabolism via glucuronidation, and to a lesser extent, on the biliary excretion of curcumin via the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. CONCLUSIONS The probenecid-mediated increase in hepatic and biliary exposure of curcumin suggested that the use of combination drug regimens involving curcumin and modulators of elimination may be an innovative approach for the therapeutic use of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Chen W, Li M, Yakufu P, Ling X, Qi H, Xiao J, Wang Y. Immobilizing CC chemokine receptor 4’s N-terminal extracellular tail on a capillary to study its potential ligands by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2012; 423:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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van Midwoud PM, Janssen J, Merema MT, de Graaf IAM, Groothuis GMM, Verpoorte E. On-line HPLC analysis system for metabolism and inhibition studies in precision-cut liver slices. Anal Chem 2010; 83:84-91. [PMID: 21128611 DOI: 10.1021/ac1018638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for on-line monitoring of drug metabolism in continuously perifused, precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) in a microfluidic system has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). In this approach, PCLS are incubated in a microfluidic device made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by continuous, single-pass perifusion with fresh medium. Two syringe pumps are incorporated into the system to infuse substrates or inhibitors at varying concentrations into the perfusion medium just before the chip entrance. The medium containing the metabolites produced by the PCLS is directed toward an injection loop. Once filled, the content of this injection loop is automatically injected onto an HPLC for analysis. The on-line analysis of metabolites was tested by using the substrate, 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC). Rapid switching between substrate and solvent control was possible, and a direct metabolic response of the liver slice to perifusion with substrate was detected. Very stable phase II metabolism over a period of 24 h was observed. The inhibitory effect of phloxine B on the formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (phase II product of 7-HC) was also investigated. Phloxine B was injected into the incubation medium in increasing concentrations varying from 0 to 200 μM. The results showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of 7-HC glucuronide formation and allowed the calculation of an IC50 value (concentration in which 50% of the enzyme is inhibited) of ∼85 μM using one single liver slice. On-line detection was also shown to be advantageous for the detection of unstable metabolites. This was demonstrated by determination of the metabolites of the drug diclofenac. The reactive metabolite, acyl glucuronide, was detected at relatively high concentrations which remained very constant over a period of 4 h. In contrast, only low and decreasing amounts of diclofenac acyl glucuronide could be measured in the conventional well-plate incubation system. The advantages of this novel on-line analysis system for PCLS include the capability to obtain direct information about tissue function, assess the concentration dependence of drug-drug interactions in one single slice, and detect unstable metabolites. The system also enables fast analysis without the need to store samples, thus eliminating the associated freeze-thaw problems, and allows the simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M van Midwoud
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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CHEN WJ, LING XM. Advances of Methods of Protein Immobilization on Capillary Column. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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SAKAI-KATO K, ISHIKURA K. Integration of Biomolecules into Analytical Systems by Means of Silica Sol-Gel Technology. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:969-78. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko ISHIKURA
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru KATO
- Center for NanoBio Integration, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
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17
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Tang Z, Wang T, Kang J. Immobilized capillary enzyme reactor based on layer-by-layer assembling acetylcholinesterase for inhibitor screening by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2981-7. [PMID: 17674420 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A method for creating an immobilized capillary acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactor based on a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly for inhibitor screening is described. The unique capillary AChE reactor was easily prepared by the instrument in three steps: first, a 0.5 cm long plug of a solution of the cationic polyelectrolyte polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA) was injected into the capillary to produce a positively charged coating on the surface of the capillary; subsequently, the enzyme solution with the same plug length was injected into the capillary and incubated for 10 min to immobilize the enzyme on the capillary wall via electrostatic interaction; third, PDDA solution with the same plug length was injected again into the capillary to cover the immobilized enzyme by forming PDDA-AChE-PDDA sandwich-like structure. The enzyme reactor can be easily renewed after removing the immobilized enzyme by flushing the column with 1 M NaCl solution. Activity of the immobilized enzyme can be assayed simply by carrying out an electrophoretic separation, i.e., the substrate solution was injected and incubated for a short time, followed by applying a voltage to separate the product from the unreacted substrate. The measured peak area of the product then represented the enzyme activity. For enzyme inhibitor screening, the mixture solution of the substrate and the inhibitor was injected and assayed the reduction of the enzyme activity. The immobilized enzyme could withstand 100 consecutive assays by only losing 10% activity. The reproducibility in terms of time-to-time, day-to-day, and batch-to-batch was measured with RSD% less than 4.7%. Furthermore, the screening system was validated by a known inhibitor. Finally, screening a small compound library containing four known AChE inhibitors and 42 natural extracts was demonstrated, and species with inhibition activity can be straightforwardly identified with the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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18
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Staack RF, Hopfgartner G. New analytical strategies in studying drug metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1365-80. [PMID: 17583803 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Identification and elucidation of the structures of metabolites play major roles in drug discovery and in the development of pharmaceutical compounds. These studies are also important in toxicology or doping control with either pharmaceuticals or illicit drugs. This review focuses on: new analytical strategies used to identify potential metabolites in biological matrices with and without radiolabeled drugs; use of software for metabolite profiling; interpretation of product spectra; profiling of reactive metabolites; development of new approaches for generation of metabolites; and detection of metabolites with increased sensitivity and simplicity. Most of the new strategies involve mass spectrometry (MS) combined with liquid chromatography (LC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F Staack
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 20, Bd d'Yvoy, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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KATO M, TOYO'OKA T. Development of Capillary Columns with High Resolution and Selectivity Based on Silica Materials. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2007. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru KATO
- Center for Nano Bio Integration, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Toshimasa TOYO'OKA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and COE Program in the 21st Centry, University of Shizuoka
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Kim HS, Wainer IW. On-Line Drug Metabolism in Capillary Electrophoresis. 1. Glucuronidation Using Rat Liver Microsomes. Anal Chem 2006; 78:7071-7. [PMID: 17037905 DOI: 10.1021/ac060970q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rat liver microsome pseudostationary phase has been used for the on-line capillary electrophoresis monitoring of glucuronidation. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) containing microsomes was isolated from rat liver and directly injected onto neutrally coated capillary containing polymeric replaceable gels followed by injection of the substrate mixture. On-line glucuronidation was observed within 15 min without any sample preparation. The factors affecting the separation of glucuronides and parent compounds were investigated by varying the applied electric fields and the size (length and internal diameter) of capillary. The Michaelis-Menten parameters (Km and Vmax) for the glucuronidation of 4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarin and 4-nitrophenol were determined using the CE method and by off-line microsomal incubation. No significant differences were observed for Km and Vmax values for 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin and 4-nitrophenol between on-line and off-line glucuronidation of these two compounds. This method was also used to determine the inhibition constant (IC50 value) for the competitive inhibition of morphine glucuronidation by codeine, IC50 (on-line) = 170 vs 580 microM (off-line). The results demonstrate that this method can be used to screen for the glucuronidation of test compounds and should reduce the time required for this screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seung Kim
- Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Kato M, Saka-Kato K, Toyo'oka T. Miniaturization of an analytical system using immobilized biomolecules for high-throughput screening. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:50-2. [PMID: 16328236 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada Suruga Shizuoka, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Kato M, Sakai-Kato K, Toyo'oka T. Silica sol-gel monolithic materials and their use in a variety of applications. J Sep Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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