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Song JG, Baral KC, Kim GL, Park JW, Seo SH, Kim DH, Jung DH, Ifekpolugo NL, Han HK. Quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in biological fluids: recent advancement in analytical techniques. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2183816. [PMID: 36880122 PMCID: PMC10003146 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2183816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical application of therapeutic proteins has been continuously expanded for the treatment of various diseases. Efficient and reliable bioanalytical methods are essential to expedite the identification and successful clinical development of therapeutic proteins. In particular, selective quantitative assays in a high-throughput format are critical for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of protein drugs and to meet the regulatory requirements for new drug approval. However, the inherent complexity of proteins and many interfering substances presented in biological matrices have a great impact on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness of analytical assays, thereby hindering the quantification of proteins. To overcome these issues, various protein assays and sample preparation methods are currently available in a medium- or high-throughput format. While there is no standard or universal approach suitable for all circumstances, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay often becomes a method of choice for the identification and quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in complex biological samples, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Accordingly, its application as an essential analytical tool is continuously expanded in pharmaceutical R&D processes. Proper sample preparation is also important since clean samples can minimize the interference from co-existing substances and improve the specificity and sensitivity of LC-MS/MS assays. A combination of different methods can be utilized to improve bioanalytical performance and ensure more accurate quantification. This review provides an overview of various protein assays and sample preparation methods, with particular emphasis on quantitative protein analysis by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Song
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kshitis Chandra Baral
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Gyu-Lin Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Hwa Seo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Jung
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nonye Linda Ifekpolugo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
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Wang Y, Hao Z, Pan L. Evaluation of multiple hydrophilic interaction chromatography columns and surrogate matrix for arginine quantification in saliva by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3580-3593. [PMID: 34405941 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine, a pivotal ingredient in many biochemical synthetic pathways, can be used as a biomarker for many oral care clinical applications. It is still a challenge to develop a sensitive and reliable chromatographic method to quantify arginine as a biomarker in saliva, with or without arginine product pretreatment. The current method solved two critical issues for arginine quantitation in human saliva. The first issue was how to optimize arginine peak shape. A hydrophilic interaction chromatography method based on the column selection, pH and pKa relationship, mobile phase ionic strength, organic solvent consideration, and temperature effects was developed. An optimized chromatographic condition for arginine quantitation in the saliva matrix was obtained. The second issue was how to build confidence in the use of a simple surrogate matrix methodology to replace the more complex traditional standard addition methodology. The surrogate matrix methodology we developed is applicable to the measurement of arginine as a potential non-invasive biomarker in human saliva. The method detection and quantification limit reached 2 and 6 ng/mL. The tailing factor was within the 0.9-1.1 range even though arginine had three pKa values at 2.18, 9.09, and 13.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhigang Hao
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Wei J, Shen A, Yan J, Jin G, Yang B, Guo Z, Zhang F, Liang X. Separation analysis of macrolide antibiotics with good performance on a positively charged C18HCE column. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1073-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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Structure characterization of unexpected covalent O-sulfonation and ion-pairing on an extremely hydrophilic peptide with CE-MS and FT-ICR-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6637-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Manadas B, Mendes VM, English J, Dunn MJ. Peptide fractionation in proteomics approaches. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:655-63. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Overloading study of basic compounds with a positively charged C18 column in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:60-6. [PMID: 23411141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While tailing and overloading of basic compounds remain problematic on most RP columns, a new kind of positively charged RP column named XCharge C18 was found to be superior good for the separation of alkaloids in our practical use. In this work, the surface charge property of the XCharge C18 column was evaluated by the retention of NO(3)(-) under different pH values and buffer concentrations. A considerable and pH-dependent positive charge was confirmed on the column. Then overloading behaviors of bases were systematically studied using amitriptyline as a basic probe. Good peak shapes (Tf<1.5) and extra high loadability with a C(0.5) of about 30,000 mg/L were observed on the column, with commonly used 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase additive. However, increasing the ionic strength of buffer with phosphates led to tailing peaks at high sample amount and sharp decline in loadability (C(0.5) of 2000-3000 mg/L), although it brought higher column efficiency at low sample amount. Higher pH also induced worse performance and lower loadability. The overall results demonstrated the importance of an appropriate level of ionic repulsion for the XCharge C18 column to achieve the good performance for bases, which could be explained by the multiple-site adsorption theory as ionic repulsion would shield the solute from occupying high-energy sites deeper in C18 layer.
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Stephanowitz H, Lange S, Lang D, Freund C, Krause E. Improved Two-Dimensional Reversed Phase-Reversed Phase LC-MS/MS Approach for Identification of Peptide-Protein Interactions. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1175-83. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200900s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Stephanowitz
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Lange
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Lang
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Retention Characteristics of Four Different HILIC Stationary Phases in the Analysis of Meat Polar Compounds. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vanhoenacker G, Dos Santos Pereira A, Kotsuka T, Cabooter D, Desmet G, Sandra P. Evaluation of a new polymeric stationary phase with reversed-phase properties for high temperature liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nakamura T, Kuromitsu J, Oda Y. Evaluation of Comprehensive Multidimensional Separations Using Reversed-Phase, Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Shotgun Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1007-11. [DOI: 10.1021/pr7005878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang P, Zhou R, Cheng J, Bi S. LC Determination of Trace Short-Chain Organic Acids in Wheat Root Exudates Under Aluminum Stress. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Guiochon G. Monolithic columns in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1168:101-68; discussion 100. [PMID: 17640660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic media have been used for various niche applications in gas or liquid chromatography for a long time. Only recently did they acquire a major importance in high-performance column liquid chromatography (HPLC). The advent of monolithic silica standard- and narrow-bore columns and of several families of polymer-based monolithic columns has considerably changed the HPLC field, particularly in the area of narrow-bore columns. The origin of the concept, the differences between their characteristics and those of traditional packed columns, their advantages and drawbacks, the methods of preparation of monoliths of different forms, and the current status of the field are reviewed. The actual and potential performance of monolithic columns are compared with those of packed columns. Monolithic columns have considerable advantages, which makes them most useful in many applications of liquid chromatography. They are extremely permeable and offer a high efficiency that decreases slowly with increasing flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Guiochon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1600, USA.
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