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Zhu J, Chen S, Zhu B, Ma C, Qiu H, Chen L, Tong S. Enantiomeric analysis of γ(δ)-lactones by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) as stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464779. [PMID: 38447432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A Chiralpak AY-3R column was investigated for analytical enantiomeric separation of twelve racemic γ(δ)-lactones using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Main influence factors, including organic modifier, flow rate and column temperature, were optimized. Five kinds of γ(δ)-lactones were successfully enantioseparated using the established method: γ-nonanolactone, δ-decalactone, δ-undecalactone, δ-dodecalactone and δ-tetradecalactone. Under optimized conditions, enantiomeric peak resolution (Rs) for the five γ(δ)-lactones reached more than 1.09, 1.08, 1.54, 1.43, and 1.11, respectively. Their chromatographic elution behavior was investigated using Van't Hoff equation and Van Deemter equation. It was found that an exothermic process occurred during enantiomeric separation of γ(δ)-lactones using this chromatographic column, and it showed a typical Van Deemter curve. Finally, this method was applied in enantiomeric ratio analysis of γ(δ)-lactones contents for purchased butter samples, and results confirmed the predominant content of the (R)-configuration of δ-dodecalactone in natural animal butter, while in margarine, an equal proportion of (R/S)-configuration of δ-dodecalactone was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenlei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Snowco (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China.
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Chiral Discrimination Mechanisms by Silylated-Acetylated Cyclodextrins: Superficial Interactions vs. Inclusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113169. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin derivatives constitute a powerful class of auxiliary agents for the discrimination of apolar chiral substrates. Both host–guest inclusion phenomena and interactions with the derivatizing groups located on the surface of the macrocycle could drive the enantiodiscrimination; thus, it is important to understand the role that these processes play in the rational design of new chiral selectors. The purpose of this study is to compare via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy the efficiency of silylated-acetylated α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins in the chiral discrimination of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-3-methoxypropane (compound B) and methyl 2-chloropropionate (MCP). NMR DOSY (Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY) experiments were conducted for the determination of the bound molar fractions and the association constants, whereas ROESY (Rotating-frame Overhauser Enhancement SpectroscopY) measurements provided information on the hosts’ conformation and on the interaction phenomena with the guests. Compound B, endowed with fluorinated moieties, is not deeply included due to attractive Si-F interactions occurring at the external surface of the cyclodextrins. Therefore, a low selectivity toward the size of cyclodextrin cavity is found. By contrast, enantiodiscrimination of MCP relies on the optimal fitting between the size of the guest and that of the cyclodextrin cavity.
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Facile synthesis of per(6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin as protected intermediates for the functionalization of the secondary face of the macrocycles. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:965-987. [PMID: 33452503 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Per(6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin derivatives are well-known as synthetic intermediates that enable the selective mono-, partial, or perfunctionalization of the secondary face of the macrocycles. Although silylation of the primary rim is readily achieved by treatment with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of pyridine (either alone or mixed with a co-solvent), the reaction typically results in a mixture containing both under- and oversilylated byproducts that are difficult to remove. To address this challenge in preparing a pure product in high yield, we describe an approach that centers on the addition of a controlled excess of silylating agent to avoid the presence of undersilylated species, followed by the removal of oversilylated species by column chromatography elution with carefully designed solvent mixtures. This methodology works well for 6-, 7-, and 8-member rings (α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, respectively) and has enabled us to repeatedly prepare up to ⁓35 g of ≥98% pure product (as determined by HPLC) in 3 d. We also provide procedures for lower-scale reactions, as well as an example of how the β-cyclodextrin derivative can be used for functionalization of the secondary face of the molecule.
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Engel KH. Chirality: An Important Phenomenon Regarding Biosynthesis, Perception, and Authenticity of Flavor Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10265-10274. [PMID: 32223150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality plays an important role in flavor research. This will be outlined using selected examples from the key areas analysis, authenticity assessment, biogenesis, and odor perception. Developments of analytical techniques, in particular the use of chiral stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography, enabled the determination of naturally occurring configurations of chiral volatiles at trace levels. Thus, knowledge of pathways and enzymes involved in the biogenesis of chiral substances was acquired, and enantioselective analysis has become a prominent tool in the authenticity assessment of flavorings. Increasing information is also available on structure-odor relationships of chiral flavor compounds and the influence of their configurations on odor thresholds and odor properties. A substantial extension of these data sets and a further understanding of the role of chirality in the perception of aroma compounds is expected from studies on the enantioselectivity of odorant receptor systems. Developments in these areas will be put into a historical perspective, recent progress will be emphasized, and data gaps will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Engel
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
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Modeling of chiral gas chromatographic separation of alkyl and cycloalkyl 2-bromopropionates using cyclodextrin derivatives as stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:161-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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YIN M, ZHU X, LIU Y, ZHONG J, CHEN F. Synthesis of heptakis(2,3,6-tri- O-methoxymethyl)-β-cyclodextrin and its application in gas chromatography. Se Pu 2011; 29:91-4. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2011.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Akasaka K, Tamogami S, Beeman RW, Mori K. Pheromone synthesis. Part 245: Synthesis and chromatographic analysis of the four stereoisomers of 4,8-dimethyldecanal, the male aggregation pheromone of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Issaraseriruk N, Shitangkoon A, Aree T. Molecular docking study for the prediction of enantiodifferentiation of chiral styrene oxides by octakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-cyclodextrin. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 28:506-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mori K. Synthesis of all the stereoisomers of 6-methyl-2-octadecanone, 6,14-dimethyl-2-octadecanone, and 14-methyl-2-octadecanone, the components of the female-produced sex pheromone of a moth, Lyclene dharma dharma. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cousin H, Peulon-Agasse V, Combret JC, Cardinael P. Mono-2, 3 or 6-Hydroxy Methylated β-Cyclodextrin (Eicosa-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin) Isomers as Chiral Stationary Phases for Capillary GC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shen G, Cui J, Yang X, Ling Y. Capillary GC using pyridyl β-cyclodextrin stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:79-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shen G, Yang X, Cui J, Zhou M, Ling Y. Separation of Cyclopropane Derivatives with Multichiral Centers by Gas Chromatography on Modified β-Cyclodextrin Stationary Phase. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lewis acid-catalysed isomerisation of thionolactones to thiolactones: inversion of configuration. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
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Takahisa E, Engel KH. 2,3-di-O-methoxymethyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a useful stationary phase for gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1076:148-54. [PMID: 15974081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heptakis(2,3-di-O-methoxymethyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (2,3-MOM-6-TBDMS-beta-CD), synthesized by using methoxymethylchloride (MOM-Cl) as derivatization reagent, was used for capillary gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers. The new chiral stationary phase proved to be suitable for the enantiodifferentiation of volatiles from various chemical classes. Compared to the corresponding gamma-CD derivative (2,3-MOM-6-TBDMS-gamma-CD), the spectrum of compounds for which enantiomers could be separated was more limited and the enantioseparation achieved was generally less pronounced. Unusually high separation factors were observed for 2-alkyl esters of short chain acids (C2-C6). Phenomena underlying the enantioseparation of 2-pentyl acetate (alpha: 4.31; 35 degrees C) were investigated by determining thermodynamic parameters. Data show that only one enantiomer is retained significantly on the chiral stationary phase whereas the other one behaves like the hydrocarbons used as references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Takahisa
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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