1
|
Kristof I, Ledesma SC, Apud GR, Vera NR, Aredes Fernández PA. Oenococcus oeni allows the increase of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities in apple cider. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16806. [PMID: 37332959 PMCID: PMC10272325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the malolactic fermentation (MLF) carried out by Oenococcus oeni on antihypertensive and antioxidant activities in cider. The MLF was induced using three strains of O. oeni. The modification in phenolic compounds (PCs) and nitrogen organic compounds, antioxidant, and antihypertensive activities were determined after MLF. Among the 17 PCs analyzed caffeic acid was the most abundant compound and phloretin, (-)-epicatechin, and myricetin were detected only in malolactic ciders, however, (-)-epigallocatechin was not detected after MLF. The evaluation of nitrogen organic compounds revealed a drop in total protein concentration (from 17.58 to 14.00 mg N/L) concomitantly with a significant release of peptide nitrogen (from 0.31 to a maximum value of 0.80 mg N/L) after MLF. In addition, an extracellular proteolytic activity was evidenced in all MLF supernatants. The FRAP activity increased reaching a maximum of 120.9 μmol FeSO4/mL and the ABTS radical-scavenging activity increased until 6.8 mmol ascorbic acid/L. Moreover, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity reached a maximum value of 39.8%. The MLF conducted by O. oeni in ciders enables the increase of interesting biological activities and this finding could constitute a valuable tool to add value to final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kristof
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana Cecilia Ledesma
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gisselle Raquel Apud
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nancy Roxana Vera
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pedro Adrián Aredes Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zieniuk B. Dihydrocaffeic Acid-Is It the Less Known but Equally Valuable Phenolic Acid? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050859. [PMID: 37238728 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) is a phenolic acid bearing a catechol ring and three-carbon side chain. Despite its being found in minor amounts in numerous plants and fungi of different origins, it has attracted the interest of various research groups in many fields of science, from food to biomedical applications. The review article presented herein aims to show a wider audience the health benefits and therapeutic, industrial, and nutritional potential of dihydrocaffeic acid, by sheddinglight on its occurrence, biosynthesis, bioavailability, and metabolism. The scientific literature describes at least 70 different derivatives of dihydrocaffeic acid, both those occurring naturally and those obtained via chemical and enzymatic methods. Among the most frequently used enzymes that were applied for the modification of the parent DHCA structure, there are lipases that allow for obtaining esters and phenolidips, tyrosinases used for the formation of the catechol ring, and laccases to functionalize this phenolic acid. In many studies, both in vitro and in vivo, the protective effect of DHCA and its derivatives on cells subjected to oxidative stress and inflammation were acknowledged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Zuriarrain-Ocio A, Zuriarrain J, Vidal M, Dueñas MT, Berregi I. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles of ciders from the Basque Country. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
5
|
Rodríguez M, Tironi VA. Polyphenols in amaranth (A. manteggazianus) flour and protein isolate: Interaction with other components and effect of the gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109524. [PMID: 33233157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, there were analysed the interaction between phenolics present in amaranth flour (F) and amaranth protein isolate (I) with other components, as well as the effect of the gastrointestinal digestion on them (Fd and Id). Extractions were performed under different conditions (temperature, acid, organic solvent, alkali). Methanol/water extracts (25 °C and 80 °C) from F showed the presence of isoquercetin/rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and two unidentified peaks (II and III). In the presence of acid (much more evident at 80 °C), the extraction of some components increased: catechin, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid, isoquercetin/rutin, II, III. When methanol/acetone/water extraction was performed, p-coumaric acid and a new unidentified peak (IV) were observed. About 15% of the total phenol -namely; p-coumaric, rutin/isoquercetin, and kaempferol- were linked to the protein fraction. After the proteins were isolated (I), the amount of some of the compounds which were originally present in a soluble form (e. g. catechin) and in the protein-bound fraction were decreased. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of flour released some phenolics (catechin, phenolic acids) that were ligated to proteins, and they significantly incremented the ORAC and ABTS activity of most of the extracts. Isoquercetin/rutin, quercetin and kaempferol remained after digestion. Extracts from the digested protein isolate presented differences in the composition and lower ORAC and/or ABTS activities for some of them. The study of the effect of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion process on bioaccessibility and on antioxidant activity (an aspect that, to our knowledge, has not been previously studied on amaranth polyphenols) yielded promising results, which suggest that amaranth flour is a potential antioxidant functional ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CCT La Plata-CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP), 47 y 116 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Tironi
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CCT La Plata-CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP), 47 y 116 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Madrera RR, Valles BS. Development and validation of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and HPLC-DAD method for determination of polyphenols in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
7
|
Picinelli Lobo A, Antón-Díaz MJ, Pando Bedriñana R, Fernández García O, Hortal-García R, Suárez Valles B. Chemical, olfactometric and sensory description of single-variety cider apple juices obtained by cryo-extraction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Zuriarrain A, Zuriarrain J, Puertas AI, Dueñas MT, Ostra M, Berregi I. Polyphenolic profile in cider and antioxidant power. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2931-2943. [PMID: 25475490 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to find the effect of polyphenolic compounds in Basque ciders on the following parameters: antioxidant activity, browning, protein-precipitating capacity, turbidity and reduction potential. These five parameters are highly important, as they affect the taste, the visual aspect and the preservation of cider, and are mainly related to polyphenolic compounds. RESULTS Procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 showed a significant positive effect on antioxidant activity. p-Coumaric acid, (-)-epicatechin and hyperin had a significant positive effect on protein-precipitating capacity. Tyrosol had a significant negative effect on reduction potential. CONCLUSION Procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 are the most powerful antioxidants in Basque cider, while p-coumaric acid, (-)-epicatechin and hyperin are those with greatest capacity to precipitate proteins. Ciders with higher tyrosol concentration will have less reduction potential and higher antioxidant reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Zuriarrain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Zuriarrain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Puertas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Teresa Dueñas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miren Ostra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iñaki Berregi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Comparative study of phenolic profile of fruit and juice samples of a progeny of ‘Meana’ × ‘Florina’ from an Asturian cider apple breeding program. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Chandrasekar V, Martín-González MS, Hirst P, Ballard TS. Optimizing Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Red Delicious and Jonathan Apple Pomace. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Hirst
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN
| | - Tameshia S. Ballard
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ko HJ, Huang SH, Ng LT. Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of a Specialty Aquatic VegetableNymphoides hydrophyllain Taiwan. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2012.741188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Ko HJ, Ang LH, Ng LT. Antioxidant Activities and Polyphenolic Constituents of Bitter BeanParkia Speciosa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.775152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Quantification of polyphenolic content and bioactive constituents of some commercial rice varieties in Taiwan. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
14
|
Fratianni F, De Giulio A, Sada A, Nazzaro F. Biochemical Characteristics and Biological Properties of Annurca Apple Cider. J Med Food 2012; 15:18-23. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso De Giulio
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alfonso Sada
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song A, Ko HJ, Lai MN, Ng LT. Protective effects of Wu-Ling-Shen (Xylaria nigripes) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:454-60. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.534100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Suárez B, Álvarez ÁL, García YD, Barrio GD, Lobo AP, Parra F. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and in vitro antiviral properties of apple pomace. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Picinelli Lobo A, García YD, Sánchez JM, Madrera RR, Valles BS. Phenolic and antioxidant composition of cider. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Alvarez AL, del Barrio G, Kourí V, Martínez PA, Suárez B, Parra F. In vitro anti-herpetic activity of an aqueous extract from the plant Phyllanthus orbicularis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:960-966. [PMID: 19423312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Herpesviridae includes at least eight viral species pathogenic for humans, responsible for a wide variety of clinical symptoms. The lack of an effective vaccine and the moderate to high toxicity of the available synthetic anti-herpes compounds emphasises the need for new inhibitors. Several Phyllanthus genus (Euphorbiaceae) members have been widely used in traditional medicine and their biological properties have been intensely studied. In this study we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the Cuban-endemic plant Phyllanthus orbicularis H.B.K. against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) reference strains and clinical isolates with different sensitivities to acyclovir. The inhibitory activity on Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication was also investigated. The selectivity indexes (SI) found for Ph. orbicularis aqueous extract ranged from 8.7 to 37.6. Studies on the antiviral mechanisms involved revealed that the drug acted at early stages of herpesvirus replication, possibly by producing a virucidal effect, although further inhibition of intracellular replication events could not be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel L Alvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Russo P, Andreu-Navarro A, Aguilar-Caballos MP, Fernández-Romero JM, Gómez-Hens A. Analytical innovations in the detection of phenolics in wines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1858-1865. [PMID: 18290616 DOI: 10.1021/jf073206t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method with online photometric and luminescent detection for the determination of 18 phenolic compounds in wines is reported. Photometric detection is performed at four wavelengths, namely, 256, 280, 320, and 365 nm, using a diode array detection system. The luminescent detection is achieved by means of a postcolumn derivatization reaction of 10 of these compounds with terbium(III) in the presence of synergistic agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and n-octyltriphosphine oxide (TOPO). A micellar medium provided by the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 was used for the determination of the luminescent chelates at lambdaex 317 and lambdaem 545 nm. The long wavelength emission of lanthanide chelates can minimize interferences from background sample matrix, which usually emit at shorter wavelengths. The analytical features of the photometric and fluorometric methods, such as dynamic ranges of the calibration graphs, detection limits, and precision data, have been obtained. The practical usefulness of the developed methods is demonstrated by the analysis of Spanish and Italian wine samples (red, rosé, oloroso, and white), which were diluted and directly injected into the chromatographic system. The accuracy of both methods was checked by assaying a recovery study, which was performed at three different analyte levels for each type of sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Russo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Annex building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rodríguez-Díaz RC, Paz Aguilar-Caballos M, Gómez-Hens A. Determination of some hydroxybenzoic acids and catechins in white wine samples by liquid chromatography with luminescence detection. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2772-9. [PMID: 17305238 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method with luminescence detection for the determination of eight phenolic compounds is reported. The method involves postcolumn derivatization with terbium(III). This derivatization is based on the reaction between phenolics and terbium(III) to form luminescent chelates, which were determined at lamda ex 295 and lamda em 545 nm using the fluorescence mode. The long wavelength emission of lanthanide chelates can minimize interferences from background sample matrix, which usually emit at shorter wavelengths. Also, the chromatographic separation allows the individual determination of phenolics, which cannot be done using the direct measurement of the fluorescence of their corresponding terbium chelates. Dynamic ranges of the calibration graphs and detection limits, obtained with standard solutions of analytes were (microg/mL): gallic acid (0.9-40, 0.3), protocatechuic acid (0.05-7, 0.016), catechin (0.2-40, 0.07), vanillic acid (0.25-40, 0.08), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (0.8-40, 0.25), syringic acid (0.17-40, 0.05), epicatechin (0.3-40, 0.09) and salicylic acid (0.07-12, 0.02). The precision was established at two concentration levels of each analyte and expressed as the percentage of RSD with values ranging between 1.0 and 6.5%. The practical usefulness of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of white wine samples, which were diluted two-fold and directly injected into the chromatographic system. The recovery values obtained ranged between 93.3 and 108.0%.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shakya R, Navarre DA. Rapid screening of ascorbic acid, glycoalkaloids, and phenolics in potato using high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:5253-60. [PMID: 16848503 DOI: 10.1021/jf0605300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of phenolic metabolism in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) would be facilitated by faster analytical methods. A high-throughput HPLC method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination in potato of numerous phenolic compounds, the sum of the glycoalkaloids chaconine and solanine, plus ascorbic acid. Following a fast extraction, HPLC run times of 12 min were achieved with the use of a monolithic RP C18 column. UV and MS analyses were used to characterize the phenolic complement in extracts from two white-fleshed varieties. Over 30 compounds were identified, some of which are thought to possess either nutritional value or are involved in plant disease resistance. This method is expected to be useful for germplasm mining and for varietal development programs in which large numbers of lines are generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Shakya
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington 99350, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodríguez Madrera R, Picinelli Lobo A, Suárez Valles B. Phenolic profile of Asturian (Spain) natural cider. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:120-4. [PMID: 16390187 DOI: 10.1021/jf051717e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenolic composition of natural ciders from the Asturian community (Spain), during 2 consecutive years, was analyzed by RP-HPLC and the photodiode-array detection system, without previous extraction (direct injection). A total of 16 phenolic compounds (catechol, tyrosol, protocatechuic acid, hydrocaffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, hydrocoumaric acid, ferulic acid, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, procyanidins B2 and B5, phloretin-2'-xyloglucoside, phloridzin, hyperin, avicularin, and quercitrin) were identified and quantified. A fourth quercetin derivative, one dihydrochalcone-related compound, two unknown procyanidins, three hydroxycinnamic derivatives, and two unknown compounds were also found. Among the low-molecular-mass polyphenols analyzed, hydrocaffeic acid was the most abundant compound, representing more than 80% of the total polyphenolic acids. Procyanidins were the most important family among the flavonoid compounds. Discriminant analysis was allowed to correctly classify more than 93% of the ciders, according to the harvest year; the most discriminant variables were an unknown procyanidin and quercitrin.
Collapse
|
24
|
|