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Rajendran V, Pushpavanam S, Jayaraman G. Continuous refolding of L-asparaginase inclusion bodies using periodic counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462746. [PMID: 34936904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography-based refolding is emerging as a promising alternative to dilution-refolding of solubilized inclusion bodies (IBs). The advantages of this matrix-assisted refolding (MAR) lie in its ability to reduce aggregate formation, leading to better recovery of active protein, and enabling refolding at higher protein concentration. However, batch chromatography has the disadvantage of ineffective solvent utilization, under-utilization of resin, and low throughput. In this work, we overcome these challenges by using a 3-column Periodic Counter-current Chromatographic (PCC) system for continuous refolding of IBs, formed during the production of L-asparaginase by recombinant E. coli cultures. Initial experiments were conducted in batch processes using single-column immobilized metal-affinity chromatography. Different gradient operations were designed to improve the protein loading for the single-column, batch-MAR processes. Optimized conditions, based on the batch-MAR experiments, were used for designing the continuous-MAR processes using the PCC system. The continuous-MAR experiments were carried out over 3 cycles (∼ 30 h) in the PCC system. A detailed quantitative comparison based on recovery, throughput, buffer consumption, and resin utilization was made for the three modes of operation: pulse-dilution, single-column batch-MAR, and 3-Column PCC-based continuous-MAR processes. While recovery (73%) and throughput (11 mg/h) were the highest in PCC, specific buffer consumption (6.9 ml/mg) was the least. Also, during PCC operation, resin utilization improved by 92% in comparison to the single-column batch-MAR process. These quantitative comparisons clearly establish the advantages of the continuous-MAR process over the batch-MAR and other conventional refolding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Pushpavanam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Downstream Processing for Biopharmaceuticals Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01881-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Effects of ionic strength on inclusion body refolding at high concentration. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:100-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Nimmig S, Kaspereit M. Prozessintegration von Einzelsäulenchromatographie und Membranreaktoren zur effektiven Proteinrenaturierung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pan S, Zelger M, Jungbauer A, Hahn R. Integrated continuous dissolution, refolding and tag removal of fusion proteins from inclusion bodies in a tubular reactor. J Biotechnol 2014; 185:39-50. [PMID: 24950296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An integrated continuous tubular reactor system was developed for processing an autoprotease expressed as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were suspended and fed into the tubular reactor system for continuous dissolving, refolding and precipitation. During refolding, the dissolved autoprotease cleaves itself, separating the fusion tag from the target peptide. Subsequently, the cleaved fusion tag and any uncleaved autoprotease were precipitated out in the precipitation step. The processed exiting solution results in the purified soluble target peptide. Refolding and precipitation yields performed in the tubular reactor were similar to batch reactor and process was stable for at least 20 h. The authenticity of purified peptide was also verified by mass spectroscopy. Productivity (in mg/l/h and mg/h) calculated in the tubular process was twice and 1.5 times of the batch process, respectively. Although it is more complex to setup a tubular than a batch reactor, it offers faster mixing, higher productivity and better integration to other bioprocessing steps. With increasing interest of integrated continuous biomanufacturing, the use of tubular reactors in industrial settings offers clear advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Pan
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Zelger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Dhamane S, Ruiz-Ruiz F, Chen WH, Kourentzi K, Benavides J, Rito-Palomares M, Willson RC. Spermine Sepharose as a clustered-charge anion exchange adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1324:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Jungbauer A. Continuous downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:479-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Su Z, Lu D, Liu Z. Refolding of inclusion body proteins from E. coli. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:319-38. [PMID: 21954784 DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Wang L. Refolding of denatured/reduced lysozyme at high concentrations by artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1073-9. [PMID: 20730764 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Development of high efficiency and low cost protein refolding methods is a highlighted research focus in biotechnology. Artificial molecular chaperone (AMC) and protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC) are two attractive refolding methods developed in recent years. In the present work, AMC and one branch of PFLC, ion exchange chromatography (IEC), are integrated to form a new refolding method, artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography (AMC-IEC). This new method is applied to the refolding of a widely used model protein, urea-denatured/dithiothreitol-reduced lysozyme. Many factors influencing the refolding of lysozyme, such as urea concentration, beta-cyclodextrin concentration, molar ratio of detergent to protein, mobile phase flow rate, and type of detergent, were investigated, respectively, to optimize the conditions for lysozyme refolding by AMC-IEC. Compared with normal IEC refolding method, the activity recoveries of lysozyme obtained by AMC-IEC were much higher in the investigated range of initial protein concentrations. Moreover, the activity recoveries obtained by using this newly developed refolding method were still quite high for denatured/reduced lysozyme at high initial concentrations. When the initial protein concentration was 200 mg mL(-1), the activity recovery was over 60%. In addition, the lifetime of the chromatographic column during AMC-IEC was much longer than that during protein refolding by normal IEC. Therefore, AMC-IEC is a high efficient and low cost protein refolding method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Separation Science, Dept. of Chemistry, Northwest University, No. 49 Chang'an North Road, Xi'an, China.
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Eiberle MK, Jungbauer A. Technical refolding of proteins: Do we have freedom to operate? Biotechnol J 2010; 5:547-59. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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de Marco A. Strategies for successful recombinant expression of disulfide bond-dependent proteins in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:26. [PMID: 19442264 PMCID: PMC2689190 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are simple and cost effective hosts for producing recombinant proteins. However, their physiological features may limit their use for obtaining in native form proteins of some specific structural classes, such as for instance polypeptides that undergo extensive post-translational modifications. To some extent, also the production of proteins that depending on disulfide bridges for their stability has been considered difficult in E. coli. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms keep their cytoplasm reduced and, consequently, disulfide bond formation is impaired in this subcellular compartment. Disulfide bridges can stabilize protein structure and are often present in high abundance in secreted proteins. In eukaryotic cells such bonds are formed in the oxidizing environment of endoplasmic reticulum during the export process. Bacteria do not possess a similar specialized subcellular compartment, but they have both export systems and enzymatic activities aimed at the formation and at the quality control of disulfide bonds in the oxidizing periplasm. This article reviews the available strategies for exploiting the physiological mechanisms of bactera to produce properly folded disulfide-bonded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Cogentech, IFOM-IEO Campus for Oncogenomic, via Adamello, 16 - 20139, Milano, Italy.
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Rudolph R, Lange C. Strategies for the Oxidative in vitro Refolding of Disulfide-bridge-containing Proteins. OXIDATIVE FOLDING OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559265-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Rudolph
- Institut für Biochemie and Biotechnologie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Christian Lange
- Institut für Biochemie and Biotechnologie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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Wang C, Liu J, Wang L, Geng X. Solubilization and refolding with simultaneous purification of recombinant human stem cell factor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 144:181-9. [PMID: 18456949 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) was solubilized and renatured from inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli. The effect of both pH and urea on the solubilization of rhSCF inclusion bodies was investigated; the results indicate that the solubilization of rhSCF inclusion bodies was significantly influenced by the pH of the solution employed, and low concentration of urea can drastically improve the solubilization of rhSCF when solubilized by high pH solution. The solubilized rhSCF can be easily refolded with simultaneous purification by ion exchange chromatography (IEC), with a specific activity of 7.8 x 10(5) IU x mg(-1), a purity of 96.3%, and a mass recovery of 43.0%. The presented experimental results show that rhSCF solubilized by high pH solution containing low concentration of urea is easier to be renatured than that solubilized by high concentration of urea, and the IEC refolding method was more efficient than dilution refolding and dialysis refolding for rhSCF. It may have a great potential for large-scale production of rhSCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhan Wang
- Institute of Modern Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, 229 Tai Bai North Road, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.
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A novel protein refolding method integrating ion exchange chromatography with artificial molecular chaperone. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Zhang L, Lu D, Liu Z. How native proteins aggregate in solution: A dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. Biophys Chem 2008; 133:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Geng X, Wang C. Protein folding liquid chromatography and its recent developments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 849:69-80. [PMID: 17116432 PMCID: PMC7105250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of proteomics is to identify biologically active proteins and to produce them using biotechnology tools such as bacterial hosts. However, proteins produced by Escherichia coli must be refolded to their native state. Protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC) is a new method developed in recent years, and it is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology. In this paper, the new method, PFLC is introduced and its recent development is reviewed. In addition the paper includes definitions, advantages, principles, applications for both laboratory and large scales, apparatus, and effecting factors of PFLC. In addition, the role of this method in the future is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindu Geng
- Institute of Modern Separation Science, Key Laboratory of Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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19
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Franzmann TM. Matrix-assisted refolding of oligomeric small heat-shock protein Hsp26. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 39:104-10. [PMID: 16626802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant gene expression in the prokaryotic host Escherichia coli is of general interest for both biotechnology and basic research. Use of E. coli is inexpensive and advantageous due to the fully developed genetic accessibility. However, often insoluble target protein (inclusion body) accumulates in the cell. Especially when producing eukaryotic or disulfide bridged proteins in E. coli, inclusion body formation is observed. Nonetheless, insoluble protein can be regained and refolded in vitro. Commonly, renaturation of proteins is accomplished by methods involving dilution and/or dialysis. An interesting alternative is matrix-assisted refolding in which the denatured protein is refolded in the immobilized state. Here, matrix-assisted refolding was applied to refold a double cysteine variant of Hsp26, a small heat-shock protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was insoluble after biosynthesis in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. This oligomeric protein was efficiently recovered from the insoluble fraction and refolded to its native oligomeric and chaperone-active state using ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus M Franzmann
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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Jungbauer A. Protein bioengineering. Biotechnol J 2006; 1:26-7. [PMID: 16892219 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200690007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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