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Yılmaz Ortak H, Cubuk Demiralay E. Effect of temperature on the retention of Janus kinase 3 inhibitor in different mobile phase compositions using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:706-712. [PMID: 30472589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the thermodynamic dissociation constant (pKa) values of tofacitinib in acetonitrile-water binary mixtures with of 25%, 30%, 35% and 45% (v/v) have been determined at 25-45 °C range of temperatures with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The chromatographic determination was achieved on a Kinetex Core-Shell EVO C18-Phenomenex (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column. For each case pKa values and retention factors of tofacitinib by taking into account the effect of the activity coefficients in hydro-organic water-acetonitrile binary mixtures have been evaluated and which obtain by SOLVER algorithm of spreadsheet program Excel to fit experimental data to the nonlinear expression derived. From these values, the thermodynamic aqueous pKa value of the drug was calculated by different approaches. Thermodynamic parameters standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°) and standard entropy (ΔS°) derived from dissociation constant measurements at six different temperatures were calculated by from linearity plots of IogKa against 1/T (van't Hoff plot).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Yılmaz Ortak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Ebru Cubuk Demiralay
- Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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2
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Sykora D, Vozka J, Tesarova E. Chromatographic methods enabling the characterization of stationary phases and retention prediction in high-performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:115-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Sykora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vozka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesarova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
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3
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De Pauw R, Pursch M, Desmet G. Using the column wall itself as resistive heater for fast temperature gradients in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1420:129-34. [PMID: 26476853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new system is proposed for applying fast temperature gradients in liquid chromatography. It consists of a 0.7 mm × 150 mm fused-silica column coated with a 50 μm Nickel-layer, which is connecting with a power source and a temperature control system to perform fast and reproducible temperature gradients using the column wall itself as a resistive heater. Applying a current of 4A and passive cooling results in a maximal heating and cooling rate of, respectively, 71 and -21 °C/min. Multi-segment temperature gradients were superimposed on mobile phase gradients to enhance the selectivity for three sets of mixtures (pharmaceutical compounds, a highly complex mixture and an insecticide sample). This resulted in a higher peak count or better selectivities for the various mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben De Pauw
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Pursch
- Dow Stade Produktions GmbH, Analytical Technology Center, 21677 Stade, Germany
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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4
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Gagliardi LG, Tascon M, Castells CB. Effect of temperature on acid–base equilibria in separation techniques. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:35-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Method transfer from high-pressure liquid chromatography to ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. I. A thermodynamic perspective. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:206-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Acquaviva A, Tascon M, Padró J, Gagliardi L, Castells C. Automatized measurements of dihydrogen phosphate and Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in acetonitrile/water mixtures from 20 to 60°C. Talanta 2014; 127:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Unusual Temperature-Retention Dependences Observed for Several Benzodiazepines in RP-HPLC Using Different Mobile Phase Compositions. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Agrafiotou P, Ràfols C, Castells C, Bosch E, Rosés M. Simultaneous effect of pH, temperature and mobile phase composition in the chromatographic retention of ionizable compounds. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4995-5009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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HILIC Retention Behavior and Method Development for Highly Polar Basic Compounds Used in Pharmaceutical Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10609-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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10
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Computer-assisted modelling and optimisation of reversed-phase high-temperature liquid chromatographic (RP-HTLC) separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1951-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Teutenberg T. Potential of high temperature liquid chromatography for the improvement of separation efficiency—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 643:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Retention models for ionizable compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1756-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Gu B, Cortes H, Luong J, Pursch M, Eckerle P, Mustacich R. Low Thermal Mass Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1488-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802022z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binghe Gu
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Hernan Cortes
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jim Luong
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Matthias Pursch
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Patric Eckerle
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Robert Mustacich
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
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14
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Heinisch S, Rocca JL. Sense and nonsense of high-temperature liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:642-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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van den Broek I, Sparidans RW, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. Quantitative bioanalysis of peptides by liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 872:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Gagliardi LG, Castells CB, Ràfols C, Rosés M, Bosch E. Effect of temperature on the chromatographic retention of ionizable compounds. III. Modeling retention of pharmaceuticals as a function of eluent pH and column temperature in RPLC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:969-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Pous-Torres S, Torres-Lapasió JR, Baeza-Baeza JJ, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Combined effect of solvent content, temperature and pH on the chromatographic behaviour of ionisable compounds. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1163:49-62. [PMID: 17585924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The organic solvent content and the pH in the mobile phase are the usual main factors in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separations, owing to their strong effects on retention and/or selectivity. Temperature is often neglected. However, even in cases where the impact of this factor on selectivity is minor, the reduction in analysis time is still an interesting reason to consider it. In addition, ionisable compounds may exhibit selectivity changes, owing to the interaction of organic solvent and/or temperature with pH. The separation of ionisable compounds (nine diuretics: bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone, furosemide, piretanide, probenecid, trichloromethiazide and xipamide, and two beta-blockers: oxprenolol and propranolol) exhibiting different acid-base behaviour was studied. The compounds were tested in a Zorbax SB C18 column under a wide range of conditions: 25-45% (v/v) acetonitrile, pH 3-7 and 20-50 degrees C. Models considering two factors (organic solvent/pH and temperature/pH), and three factors (organic solvent/temperature/pH) were developed from a previously reported equation, which considers the polarity contributions of solute, stationary and mobile phases. This allowed a comprehensive method to predict the retention of the 11 compounds, the modification of their acid-base behaviour (i.e. determination of protonation constants and shifts of the retention versus pH curves), and the selectivity changes within the studied factor ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pous-Torres
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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18
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Waksmundzka‐Hajnos M, Petruczynik A, Cieśla G. Temperature—the Tool in Separation of Alkaloids by RP‐HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701465902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- a Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
| | - Gabriel Cieśla
- a Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
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19
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Abstract
The properties of stationary phases and their characterization methods are reviewed. New and significant developments have occurred in the last few years, and new methods for stationary phase characterization have become available. The characterization methods are discussed, and the differences between the different methods are pointed out. In addition, method development approaches are reviewed, with special emphasis on recent developments that employ multiple parameters in parallel. Also, the renewed interest of temperature as a tool in method development is surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe D Neue
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
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20
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Babay PA, Gettar RT, Magallanes JF, Becquart ET, Thiele B, Batistoni DA. Column temperature as an active variable in the isocratic, normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation of lipophilic metabolites of nonylphenol ethoxylates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1157:227-36. [PMID: 17540387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Normal-phase separation of technical grade nonylphenol (t-NP, about 90% 4-nonylphenol), 4-nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate (4-NP1EO) and 4-nonylphenol di-ethoxylate (4-NP2EO) was assessed, with the inclusion of column temperature as an active variable. The compound 2,4,6-trimethylphenol was evaluated for use as internal standard. Isocratic elution with 2-propanol/hexanes mixtures from an amino-silica column and spectrometric UV detection at 277 nm were employed. Technical nonylphenol presented a significant contribution from unknown substances that eluted with retention times similar to that of 4-NP1EO. GC-MS analysis of the unknowns allowed to identify them as isomers of 2-NP. The response of the system to joint variations in flow rate, eluent composition and column temperature was investigated by means of Doehlert statistical experimental design. A model for retention of the analytes as a function of the experimental variables was proposed, and separation selectivity was studied. Selection of the optimal working zone was made through desirability function (D) calculations. Potential co-elution of 2-NP isomers with 4-NP1EO was considered when optimizing the separation. The occurrence of a restricted region of the experimental space where baseline resolution of analytes, associated impurities and internal standard results feasible (D not equal to 0) is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Babay
- Unidad de Actividad Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Dong L, Huang J. Effect of Temperature on the Chromatographic Behavior of Epirubicin and its Analogues on High Purity Silica Using Reversed-Phase Solvents. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Lestremau F, de Villiers A, Lynen F, Cooper A, Szucs R, Sandra P. High efficiency liquid chromatography on conventional columns and instrumentation by using temperature as a variable. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1138:120-31. [PMID: 17097097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical aspects of temperature in liquid chromatography (LC) have mostly been studied to elucidate changes in retention behavior of small and large molecules in various solvents. That temperature also plays a significant role in chromatographic performance is less known. Kinetic plots are an established tool to predict chromatographic performance in terms of speed and efficiency that can be obtained with a certain particle size at the maximum attainable column pressure. In this paper, temperature effects on mobile phase viscosity and analyte diffusion are incorporated in these plots to prove that superior performances are within experimental reach for conventional LC columns and equipment. Verification of the modified kinetic plots with experimental data points is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lestremau
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre-Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Vanhoenacker G, Sandra P. Elevated temperature and temperature programming in conventional liquid chromatography – fundamentals and applications. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1822-35. [PMID: 16970186 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temperature, as a powerful variable in conventional LC is discussed from a fundamental point of view and illustrated with applications from the author's laboratory. Emphasis is given to the influence of temperature on speed, selectivity, efficiency, detectability, and mobile phase composition (green chromatography). The problems accompanying the use of elevated temperature and temperature programming in LC are reviewed and solutions are described. The available stationary phases for high temperature operation are summarized and a brief overview of recent applications reported in the literature is given.
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24
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Gagliardi LG, Castells CB, Ràfols C, Rosés M, Bosch E. Modeling Retention and Selectivity as a Function of pH and Column Temperature in Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5858-67. [PMID: 16906733 DOI: 10.1021/ac060482i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), the retention of weak acids and bases is a sigmoidal function of the mobile-phase pH. Therefore, pH is a key chromatographic variable to optimize retention and selectivity. Furthermore, at an eluent pH close to the pKa of the solute, the dependence of ionization of the buffer and solute on temperature can be used to improve chromatographic separations involving ionizable solutes by an adequate handling of column temperature. In this paper, we derive a general equation for the prediction of the retentive behavior of ionizable compounds upon simultaneous changes in mobile-phase pH and column temperature. Four experiments, two limiting pH values and two temperatures, provide the input data that allow predictions in the whole range of these two variables, based on the thermodynamic fundamentals of the involved equilibria. Also, the study demonstrates the significant role that the choice of the buffer compound would have on selectivity factors in RPLC at temperatures higher than 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo G Gagliardi
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Heinisch S, Puy G, Barrioulet MP, Rocca JL. Effect of temperature on the retention of ionizable compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: Application to method development. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1118:234-43. [PMID: 16643927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of pharmaceutical compounds is often a difficult challenge which requires mathematical tools to improve the quality of the separation method. This work is an attempt to rationalize the anomalous variation of the logarithm of the retention factor with temperature in case of ionizable compounds. The effect of temperature on ionizable compounds was studied within a large range of temperature, ranging from 30 to 130 degrees C. The determination of the so-called chromatographic pKa and the study of its variation with temperature allow to explain why the forms of the van't Hoff curves are so different depending on the type of solute, the type of buffer and the type of the mobile phase. A retention model along with a computation procedure is proposed to optimize both temperature and mobile phase composition and to provide good and robust conditions as shown by illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heinisch
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques (CNRS UMR 5180), Université Claude Bernard, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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26
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van den Broek I, Sparidans RW, Huitema ADR, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Development and validation of a quantitative assay for the measurement of two HIV-fusion inhibitors, enfuvirtide and tifuvirtide, and one metabolite of enfuvirtide (M-20) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 837:49-58. [PMID: 16713406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A method for the quantification of two peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitors (enfuvirtide, T-20 and tifuvirtide, T-1249) and one metabolite of enfuvirtide (M-20) in human plasma has been developed and validated, using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The analytes were extracted from plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on vinyl-copolymer cartridges. Chromatographic separation of the peptides was performed on a Symmetry 300 C(18) column (50mmx2.1mm I.D., particle size 3.5 microm), using a water-acetonitrile gradient containing 0.25% (v/v) formic acid. The triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion-mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for peak detection. Deuterated (d60) enfuvirtide and (d50) tifuvirtide were used as internal standards. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 20-10,000 ng/ml for enfuvirtide and tifuvirtide and of 20-2000 ng/ml for M-20. Intra- and inter-assay precisions and deviations from the nominal concentrations were </=13%. Stability of the analytes was tested under all relevant conditions for sample handling. The method was capable to measure concentrations of enfuvirtide and its metabolite in plasma samples of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected patients treated with the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van den Broek
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Division of Drug Toxicology, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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