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Aly AA, Górecki T. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography with reversed phase in both dimensions: A review. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464824. [PMID: 38522405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), and in particular comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC), offers increased peak capacity, resolution and selectivity compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. It is commonly accepted that the technique produces the best results when the separation mechanisms in the two dimensions are completely orthogonal; however, the use of similar separation mechanisms in both dimensions has been gaining popularity as it helps avoid difficulties related to mobile phase incompatibility and poor column efficiency. The remarkable advantages of using reversed phase in both dimensions (RPLC×RPLC) over other separation mechanisms made it a promising technique in the separation of complex samples. This review discusses some physical and practical considerations in method development for 2D-LC involving the use of RP in both dimensions. In addition, an extensive overview is presented of different applications that relied on RPLC×RPLC and 2D-LC with reversed phase column combinations to separate components of complex samples in different fields including food analysis, natural product analysis, environmental analysis, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A Aly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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2
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Dembek M, Bocian S. Phosphodiester Stationary Phases as Universal Chromatographic Materials for Separation in RP LC, HILIC, and Pure Aqueous Mobile Phase. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093539. [PMID: 37176421 PMCID: PMC10180384 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern analytical chemistry techniques meet the need for greater attention to ecological and economic aspects. It is becoming necessary to seek solutions to reduce harmful waste production, especially in large quantities. High-performance liquid chromatography is a technique widely used in many industries, including mainly pharmaceuticals, and requires an approach to reduce the significant amount of organic solvent waste. One of the green chemistry solutions is using environmentally benign substitutes, such as pure water, supercritical dioxide, and ethanol. Our work focuses on the preparation and application of new stationary phases with embedded hydrophilic groups for separations using pure water in liquid chromatography. Polar-embedded stationary phases are obtained by attaching a phosphodiester group and 4 different hydrophobic molecules. The studies consisted of hydrophobicity measurements, concentration dependence of retention of the organic additive to the mobile phase, and chromatographic separations of polar and non-polar substance mixtures in RP-LC and HILIC systems. Three mixtures were studied: purine alkaloids, benzene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nucleosides. The stationary phases interact differently with the analytes depending on the attached hydrophobic group. It is possible to use pure water to separate each mixture under study. It is also significant that it has been possible to separate a mixture of completely non-polar compounds using pure water for the first time. The research being carried out is crucial in synthesizing new polar-embedded stationary phases, providing work versatility and high environmental performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Dembek
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
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3
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Chan WN, Harrison RG. Separation of perfluoroalkyl substances by ion chromatography with a resorcinarene stationary phase. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ning Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Roger G. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
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4
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Stationary Phases for Green Liquid Chromatography. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020419. [PMID: 35057141 PMCID: PMC8778826 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Industrial research, including pharmaceutical research, is increasingly using liquid chromatography techniques. This involves the production of large quantities of hazardous and toxic organic waste. Therefore, it is essential at this point to focus interest on solutions proposed by so-called “green chemistry”. One such solution is the search for new methods or the use of new materials that will reduce waste. One of the most promising ideas is to perform chromatographic separation using pure water, without organic solvents, as a mobile phase. Such an approach requires novel stationary phases or specific chromatographic conditions, such as an elevated separation temperature. The following review paper aims to gather information on stationary phases used for separation under purely aqueous conditions at various temperatures.
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5
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Synthesis and characterization of porous organic polymer containing tailored AB3 metalloporphyrin: highly active and reusable catalyst for oxidation of benzyl alcohol. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Maldonado M, Sanabria E, Velasquez-Silva A, Casas-Hinestroza JL, Esteso MA. Comparative study of the volumetric properties of three regioisomers of diazoted C-tetra(propyl)resorcin[4]arene in DMSO at various temperatures. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Design and Synthesis of Supramolecular Polymer Network Equipped with Pd-porphyrin: An Efficient and Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for C–C Coupling Reactions. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Velásquez-Silva A, Forero RS, Sanabria E, Pérez-Redondo A, Maldonado M. Host-guest inclusion systems of tetra(alkyl)resorcin [4]arenes with choline in DMSO: Dynamic NMR studies and X-ray structural characterization of the 1:1 inclusion complex. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Ananthnag GS, Mondal D, Mague JT, Balakrishna MS. Synthesis of tetra-pincer nickel(ii) and palladium(ii) complexes of resorcin[4]arene-octophosphinite [Res(OPR2)8] and rhodium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation reaction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14632-14641. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of resorcin[4]arene based octaphosphinite ligands and their tetra-pincer NiII and PdII complexes and rhodium-octaphosphinite catalyzed hydroformylation of styrene and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddekoppa S. Ananthnag
- Phosphorus Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Joel T. Mague
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Maravanji S. Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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10
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Stefańska K, Szafraniec A, Szymański MP, Wierzbicki M, Szumna A, Iwanek W. Chiral chromane[4]arenes synthesised by cycloaddition reactions of o-quinomethine resorcin[4]arenes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of cavity-extended cyclochiral heterocyclic derivatives of chromane[4]arenes by a cycloaddition reaction between theo-quinomethine derivative of resorcin[4]arene and various styrenes is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stefańska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Umultowska 89b
- 60-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Anna Szafraniec
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Umultowska 89b
- 60-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Marek P. Szymański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Michał Wierzbicki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Waldemar Iwanek
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- Umultowska 89b
- 60-614 Poznań
- Poland
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11
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Behboodi-Sadabad F, Trouillet V, Welle A, Messersmith PB, Levkin PA. Surface Functionalization and Patterning by Multifunctional Resorcinarenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39268-39278. [PMID: 30335364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenolic compounds and catecholamines have been widely used to obtain substrate-independent precursor nanocoatings and adhesives. Nevertheless, there are downsides in using such phenolic compounds for surface modification such as formation of nonuniform coatings, need for multistep modification, and restricted possibilities for postfunctionalization. In this study, inspired by a strong binding ability of natural polyphenols found in plants, we used three different macrocyclic polyphenols, known as resorcin[4]arenes, to modify the surface of different substrates by simple dip-coating into the dilute solution of these compounds. Eight hydroxyl groups on the large rim of these resorcin[4]arenes provide multiple anchoring points to the surface, whereas the lower rim decorated with different appending groups introduces the desired chemical and physical functionalities to the substrate's surface. Deposition of a uniform and transparent resorcinarene layer on the surface was confirmed by several surface characterization techniques. Incubation of the modified substrates in different environments indicated that the stability of the resorcinarene layer was dependent on the type of substrate and the pH value. The most stable resorcinarene layer was formed on amine-functionalized substrates. The surface was modified with alkenyl functional groups in one step using a resorcinarene compound possessing four alkenyl appending groups on its small rim. Thiol-ene photoclick chemistry was used to site-selectively postfunctionalize the surface with hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropatterns, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Thus, we demonstrate that resorcin[4]arenes extend the scope of applications of plant polyphenol and mussel-inspired precursors to tailor-made multifunctional nanocoatings, suitable for a variety of potential applications in biotechnology, biology, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Behboodi-Sadabad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | | | | | - Phillip B Messersmith
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Bioengineering , University of California Berkeley , 94720 Berkeley , United States
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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12
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Wang X, Peng H, Peng J, Gong C, He Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Li S. Preparation and evaluation of a polar embedded diphenylethene bonded stationary phase for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Corradi S, Mazzoccanti G, Ghirga F, Quaglio D, Nevola L, Massera C, Ugozzoli F, Giannini G, Ciogli A, D’Acquarica I. Synthesis of Bromoundecyl Resorc[4]arenes and Applications of the Cone Stereoisomer as Selector for Liquid Chromatography. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7683-7693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corradi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Nevola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- IDP Discovery Pharma, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma and INSTM UdR Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Ugozzoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,400, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Acquarica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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14
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Jin G, Liu Y, Yang F, Yu D, Yan J, Zhou W, Guo Z, Zhu J, Liang X. Synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of phenyl/tetrazole bonded stationary phase based on thiol-epoxy ring opening reaction. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:856-867. [PMID: 29178357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A silica-based reversed-phase stationary phase bonding with phenyl and tetrazole groups was synthesized by thiol-epoxy ring opening reaction. The bonded groups could not only provide hydrophobic interaction, but also π-π, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and so on. The results of characterization with elemental analysis and solid-state 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy indicated the successful preparation of phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase. Chromatographic evaluation revealed that phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase behaved well under the reversed-phase mode. The column parameters (H, S*, A, B, and C) showed different selectivity compared with some typical commercial columns, and it was validated by the separation of estrogen, ginsenoside, alkaloid samples. Based on the different selectivity between phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase and C18 columns, phenyl/tetrazole sulfoether bonded stationary phase also showed potential to construct a 2D reversed-phase liquid chromatography system with C18. And it was verified by the separation of corydalis tuber and curcuma zedoary extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
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15
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Selective O-Alkylation of the Crown Conformer of Tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)calix[4]resorcinarene to the Corresponding Tetraalkyl Ether. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101660. [PMID: 28976918 PMCID: PMC6151838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of glycidyl methacrylate with the crown and chair conformers of tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)calix[4]resorcinarene were studied. The reactions were done over epoxide groups present in the ester, which can easily undergo an opening reaction with hydroxyl groups in the macrocyclic system. Initially, epoxidation reactions were carried out with pure conformers, and it was observed that the reaction between tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)calix[4]resorcinarene fixed in the chair conformation does not occur, while for the molecule fixed in the crown conformation only one tetraalkylated derivative was obtained. The obtained product was characterized using IR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, HMQC and HMBC techniques. An exhaustive NMR study showed that the reaction is selective at the hydroxyl groups in the lower rim, without affecting the hydroxyl groups in the upper rim. In addition, the RP-HPLC analysis of the epoxidation reaction mixture, using both crown and chair conformers, showed that only the crown conformer reacted under tested conditions. Finally, a comparative study of the reactivity of tetranonylcalix[4]resorcinarene with glycidyl methacrylate showed that the reaction does not take place. Instead, the formation of the tetranonylcalix[4]resorcinarene tetrasodium salt was observed, which confirms that the hydroxyl groups in the upper rim are unreactive under these conditions.
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16
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Li J, Huo Z, Chen L, Wan QH. Mercaptopropyl Functionalized Polymethylsilsesquioxane Microspheres Prepared by Co-Condensation Method as Organosilica-Based Chromatographic Packings. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ma M, Wei Q, Meng M, Yin J, Shan Y, Du L, Zhu X, Soh SF, Min M, Zhou X, Yin X, Gong Y. Preparation and Application of Aza-15-crown-5-capped Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene-Bonded Silica Particles for Use as Chiral Stationary Phase in HPLC. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Iwanek W, Stefańska K, Szumna A, Wierzbicki M. Inherently chiral heterocyclic resorcinarenes using a Diels–Alder reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to highly diastereoselective synthesis of resorcinarenes having enlarged cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Iwanek
- The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science
- 25-406 Kielce
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - K. Stefańska
- The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science
- 25-406 Kielce
- Poland
| | - A. Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - M. Wierzbicki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warszawa
- Poland
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19
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Bartó E, Prauda I, Kilár F, Kiss I, Felinger A. Retention behavior of resorcinarene-based cavitands on C8and C18stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2975-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Endre Bartó
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Ibolya Prauda
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kilár
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kiss
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Attila Felinger
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- MTA-PTE Molecular Interactions in Separation Science Research Group; Hungary
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20
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Mouradzadegun A, Elahi S, Abadast F, Motamedi H. A straightforward route for covalently anchored pyridinium salt onto upper rim of c-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene with selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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A novel, simple and effective synthesis of the hydroxybenzyl derivative of resorcinarene and the modification possibilities thereof. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Spectroscopic and chromatographic characterisation of a pentafluorophenylpropyl silica phase end-capped in supercritical carbon dioxide as a reaction solvent. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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24
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Ashu-Arrah BA, Glennon JD, Albert K. Synthesis and characterisation of bonded mercaptopropyl silica intermediate stationary phases prepared using multifunctional alkoxysilanes in supercritical carbon dioxide as a reaction solvent. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1222:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Tan HM, Soh SF, Zhao J, Yong EL, Gong Y. Preparation and application of methylcalix[4]resorcinarene-bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. Chirality 2011; 23 Suppl 1:E91-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Schröder T, Sahu SN, Anselmetti D, Mattay J. Supramolecular Capsules Derived from Resorcin[4]arenes by H-Bonding and Metal Coordination: Synthesis, Characterization, and Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jumina J, Sarjono RE, Siswanta D, Santosa SJ, Ohto K. Adsorption Characteristics of Pb(II) and Cr(III) onto C-Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.3.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Molecular Capsules Derived from Resorcin[4]arenes by Metal-Coordination. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 319:99-124. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Funck M, Guest DP, Cave GW. Microwave-assisted synthesis of resorcin[4]arene and pyrogallol[4]arene macrocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Granata G, Consoli GM, Sciuto S, Geraci C. Polymer supported calixarene derivative useful for solid-phase synthesis application. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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O'Sullivan GP, Scully NM, Glennon JD. Polar-Embedded and Polar-Endcapped Stationary Phases for LC. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003653973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guo Z, Wang C, Liang T, Liang X. Polar-copolymerized approach based on horizontal polymerization on silica surface for preparation of polar-modified stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4555-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Statistical optimization of the silylation reaction of a mercaptosilane with silanol groups on the surface of silica gel. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3473-9. [PMID: 19185309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-modified silica is often used as an intermediate product for further synthesis of modified stationary phases for chromatography or purification processes. Different conditions were used to synthesize such thiol-modified particles, but systematic optimizations remained scarce. In this study the reaction conditions for the synthesis of mercaptopropyl-modified silica were optimized. The general synthetic method consists in slurrying the silica gel in toluene before adding 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane together with a tertiary amine as catalyst (here dimethylaminopyridine). Reaction time and temperature were optimized using a full factorial design of experiment (DoE) from 3 to 25h with temperature varying between 45 and 105 degrees C. The surface coverage of the silica with mercaptopropyl-groups was analyzed by two different ways (elemental analysis and chemical surface reaction with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide followed by HPLC-UV analysis of stoichiometrically liberated pyridyl-2-thione). We obtained a three-dimensional (3D) plot of the surface coverage as a function of reaction time and temperature. The arch-shaped hyperplane allowed us to determine an optimum with regard to time and temperature, which yields to the highest surface coverage possible. We also verified that the increase of the surface coverage does not lead to a decrease of the stability of the surface modification by subjecting the gels to treatment with high temperature and acidic conditions. The stability was monitored by different chromatographic methods. Moreover, (29)Si cross-polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR spectra of materials prepared by different conditions allowed to confirm that the Si species on the surface were essentially the same, while there was only a minute difference in signal intensities for the individual Si species for materials obtained by distinct temperatures.
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Novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phase with oligo(ethylene glycol) “click” to silica. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Śliwka-Kaszyńska M. Calixarenes as Stationary Phases in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701244672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira SANO
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hiroshi NAKAMURA
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Carabias-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Smith NW, Ruano-Miguel L. Use of a polar-embedded stationary phase for the separation of tocopherols by CEC. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4423-30. [PMID: 17058307 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A polar-embedded stationary phase (ULTIMA C18) has been investigated for the separation of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols by CEC in comparison with commercially available C(18) and C(30) n-alkyl RPs. The behavior of this stationary phase was tested for different mobile phases based on methanol, ACN, or mixtures thereof and different separation parameters such as retention factors and resolution were evaluated. The main feature of this stationary phase is the improved selectivity for the separation of beta- and gamma-tocopherols (positional isomers) when compared with the pure n-alkyl C(18) material, which was unable to resolve these compounds. Additionally, it is possible to observe a reversal in the elution order of the beta- and gamma-tocopherol isomers with respect to that obtained on the C(30) column. The resulting data indicate that the enhanced selectivity obtained with the polar-embedded stationary phase, with respect to the conventional C(18) material, is due to the participation of both hydrophobic and polar interactions: these latter are of the hydrogen bridge type with the amide group of the polar-embedded stationary phase, which increases the retention of the tocopherols and facilitates the discrimination between the beta- and gamma-isomers. Adequate separation of the four tocopherols was obtained by CEC using the polar-embedded stationary phase and 95:5 v/v methanol/water (5 mM Tris, final concentration) as the mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carabias-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Tasaki Y, Okada T. Ice Chromatography. Characterization of Water−Ice as a Chromatographic Stationary Phase. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4155-60. [PMID: 16771546 DOI: 10.1021/ac0602470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-ice has been characterized as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography. Solutes having two or more polar groups are retained on this stationary phase with THF/hexane as the mobile phase, suggesting that multipoint interactions are required for measurable solute retention. Chromatographic separation of phenols or crown ethers on water-ice is possible. The ice surface is expected to provide two different adsorption sites coming from the OH and O dangling bonds. Although the solute partition into the quasiliquid layer is also considered, the dependence of the retention times on the THF concentration implies that the interaction of solutes with the water-ice surface rather than the partition into the quasiliquid layer is responsible for solute retention. A retention model suggests that the number of adsorption sites for a crown ether depends on its ring size, whereas two sites are involved for the retention of phenols having two hydroxyl groups. Although hydroxyl groups can act as both a hydrogen bond donor and an acceptor, the interaction with the ice OH sites, which are exposed to the surroundings in comparison with the ice O sites, is more important. However, when an acyclic polyether is added to the mobile phase, its adsorption onto the water ice surface allows the creation of the O sites that phenols can approach without steric hindrance. In the presence of the polyethers adsorbed on the ice surface, the retention of phenols is enhanced, whereas crown ethers become less retained due to the competitive adsorption of the polyethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Tasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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