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Kartsova LA, Makeeva DV, Bessonova EA. Current Status of Capillary Electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820120084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Pont L, Marin G, Vergara-Barberán M, Gagliardi LG, Sanz-Nebot V, Herrero-Martínez JM, Benavente F. Polymeric monolithic microcartridges with gold nanoparticles for the analysis of protein biomarkers by on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461097. [PMID: 32381302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polymeric monoliths with gold nanoparticles (AuNP@monolith) were investigated as microcartridges for the analysis of protein biomarkers by on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (SPE-CE-MS). "Plug-and-play" microcartridges (7 mm) were prepared from a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-based monolithic capillary column (5 cm x 250 µm i.d.), which was modified with ammonia and subsequently functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The performance of these novel microcartridges was evaluated with human transthyretin (TTR), which is a protein related to different types of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathies (FAP). Protein retention depended on the isoelectric point of the protein (TTR pI~5.4) and elution was achieved with a basic phosphate solution. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection (LODs) for TTR by AuNP@monolith-SPE-CE-MS were 50 times lower than by CE-MS (5 vs 250 mg•L-1, with an ion trap (IT) mass spectrometer). The sensitivity enhancement was similar compared to SPE-CE-MS using immunoaffinity (IA) microcartridges with intact antibodies against TTR. Linearity, repeatability in migration times and peak areas, reusability, reproducibility and application to serum samples were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pont
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vergara-Barberán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Leonardo G Gagliardi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA CONICET, C/ 47 esq. 115, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Kartsova L, Makeeva D, Davankov V. Nano-sized polymer and polymer-coated particles in electrokinetic separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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A critical retrospective and prospective review of designs and materials in in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:1-19. [PMID: 31387699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to decrease the concentration limits of detection (LODs) in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Nowadays, chromatographic-based preconcentration using a microcartridge integrated in the separation capillary for in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) is one of the best alternatives for high throughput and reproducible sample clean-up and analyte preconcentration. This review covers different designs (geometrical configurations, with frits or fritless, capillary types, compatibility with commercial instrumentation, etc.) and materials (sorbents, supports, affinity ligands, etc.) applied for almost 30 years to prepare in-line SPE-CE microcartridges (i.e. analyte concentrators), with emphasis on the conventional unidirectional configuration in capillary format. Advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives are analyzed in detail to provide the reader a wide overview about the great potential of this technique to enhance sensitivity and address trace analysis.
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Liu X, Chen B, Zhang L, Song S, Cai Y, He M, Hu B. TiO₂ nanoparticles functionalized monolithic capillary microextraction online coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the analysis of Gd ion and Gd-based contrast agents in human urine. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8949-56. [PMID: 26239367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized monolithic capillary microextraction (CME) online coupling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was developed for the sequential determination of Gd(3+) and Gd-based contrast agents in human urine samples. The monolithic capillary was prepared by embedding anatase TiO2 NPS in the poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EDMA) framework. The Gd(3+) and Gd-based contrast agents (such as gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and Gd-DTPA-bismethylamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA)) display different adsorption behaviors on the prepared monolithic capillary which possesses the adsorption properties of both anatase TiO2 NPS and poly(MAA-EDMA) monolith. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 3.6, 3.2, and 4.5 ng L(-1) for Gd(3+), Gd-DTPA, and Gd-DTPA-BMA, respectively, which are the lowest up to date. The enrichment factor was 25-fold with the sample throughput of 5 h(-1). The proposed method was validated by the analysis of Gd(3+) and Gd-DTPA in the healthy human urine samples as well as Gd(3+) and Gd-DTPA-BMA in patient urine samples. It was found that only a small amount of the free Gd(3+) was released from Gd-DTPA-BMA, and accurate results could be obtained since no oxidation/reduction or subtraction is involved in this method. This method is simple, sensitive, and rapid and provides a very attractive nonchromatography strategy for the speciation of Gd(3+) and Gd-based contrast agents in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shiyao Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yabing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Tang S, Guo Y, Xiong C, Liu S, Liu X, Jiang S. Nanoparticle-based monoliths for chromatographic separations. Analyst 2014; 139:4103-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Springer V, Jacksén J, Ek P, Lista AG, Emmer Å. Determination of fluoroquinolones in bovine milk samples using a pipette-tip SPE step based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes prior to CE separation. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:158-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Springer
- Analytical Chemistry; Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
- Analytical Chemistry Section; INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Johan Jacksén
- Analytical Chemistry; Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Patrik Ek
- Analytical Chemistry; Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Adriana G. Lista
- Analytical Chemistry Section; INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Åsa Emmer
- Analytical Chemistry; Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
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Mahouche-Chergui S, Guerrouache M, Carbonnier B, Chehimi MM. Polymer-immobilized nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Tong S, Liu S, Wang H, Jia Q. Recent Advances of Polymer Monolithic Columns Functionalized with Micro/Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Orlando RM, Rohwedder JJR, Rath S. Electric Field-Assisted Solid Phase Extraction: Devices, Development and Application with a Cationic Model Compound. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Li WJ, Zhou X, Tong SS, Jia Q. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide) monolithic column embedded with γ-alumina nanoparticles microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of synthetic food dyes in soft drink samples. Talanta 2013; 105:386-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Wan L, Zhang L, Lei W, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang Y. Novel hybrid organic–inorganic monolithic column containing mesoporous nanoparticles for capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2012; 98:277-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krenkova J, Foret F, Svec F. Less common applications of monoliths: V. Monolithic scaffolds modified with nanostructures for chromatographic separations and tissue engineering. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1266-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley; California; USA
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Hybrid monolithic columns with nanoparticles incorporated for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1239:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Krenkova J, Foret F. Iron oxide nanoparticle coating of organic polymer-based monolithic columns for phosphopeptide enrichment. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2106-12. [PMID: 21560247 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new monolithic capillary column with an iron oxide nanoparticle coating has been developed for selective and efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method and stabilized by citrate ions. A stable coating of nanoparticles was obtained via multivalent electrostatic interactions of citrate ions on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles with a quaternary amine functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith. A high dynamic binding capacity of 86 μmol/mL column volume was measured with an adenosine-5'-triphosphate. Performance of the monolithic column was demonstrated with the efficient and selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from peptide mixtures of α-casein and β-casein digests and their MALDI/MS characterization in off-line mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveri, Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Krenkova J, Lacher NA, Svec F. Control of Selectivity via Nanochemistry: Monolithic Capillary Column Containing Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Separation of Proteins and Enrichment of Phosphopeptides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8335-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1018815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Nathan A. Lacher
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
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Cao Q, Xu Y, Liu F, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Polymer Monoliths with Exchangeable Chemistries: Use of Gold Nanoparticles As Intermediate Ligands for Capillary Columns with Varying Surface Functionalities. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7416-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1015613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Frantisek Svec
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Xu Y, Cao Q, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Porous polymer monolithic column with surface-bound gold nanoparticles for the capture and separation of cysteine-containing peptides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3352-8. [PMID: 20302345 PMCID: PMC2875083 DOI: 10.1021/ac1002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new porous polymer monolithic capillary column modified with gold nanoparticles that enables the selective capture of cysteine-containing peptides has been developed to reduce the complexity of peptide mixtures generated in bottom-up proteomic analysis. The column is prepared from a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith through reaction of some of its epoxide moieties with cysteamine to afford a monolith rich in surface thiol groups. In situ reduction of chloroauric acid within the column is then used to form gold nanoparticles attached to the surface of the pores of the monolith. This process preserves the excellent hydrodynamic properties of the monolithic column while providing a means to selectively retain cysteine-containing peptides from an analyte due to their high affinity for gold. Release of the retained peptides is subsequently achieved with an excess of 2-mercaptoethanol. The loading capacity determined for l-cysteine using frontal elution is 2.58 mumol/m. Since the gold-thiol link is less stable at elevated temperatures, the adsorption capacity is recovered by washing the column at 80 degrees C for 2 h. While regeneration is easy, the multiplicity of bonds between the monolithic support and the gold nanoparticles prevents their elution even under harsh conditions such as treatment with pure 2-mercaptoethanol or treatment with boiling water for 5 h. Application of the gold modified monolith in tandem with a packed C18 capillary column is demonstrated with baseline separation of a peptide mixture achieved in a two step process. The first involves retention of cysteine-containing peptides in monolith with reversed phase separation of all other peptides, while the retained peptides are released from monolith and separated in the second step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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20
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Vizioli N, Gil R, Martínez LD, Fernanda Silva M. On-line solid phase extraction CZE for the simultaneous determination of lanthanum and gadolinium at picogram per liter levels. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2681-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Liang G, Choi K, Chung DS. Double sample preconcentration by in‐line coupled large volume single drop microextraction and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1953-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Thabano JR, Breadmore MC, Hutchinson JP, Johns C, Haddad PR. Silica nanoparticle-templated methacrylic acid monoliths for in-line solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis of basic analytes. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4933-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Determination of sulfonamide residues in water samples by in-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3372-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Lara FJ, Lynen F, Sandra P, García‐Campaña AM, Alés‐Barrero F. Evaluation of a molecularly imprinted polymer as in‐line concentrator in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3834-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Lara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Fréderic Lynen
- Laboratory of Separation Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- Laboratory of Separation Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana M. García‐Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Fermín Alés‐Barrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
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25
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Chaisuwan P, Nacapricha D, Wilairat P, Jiang Z, William Smith N. Monolithic and packed particle materials for in-line pre-concentration in capillary electrophoresis for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-methamphetamine and terbutaline. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4008-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Potter OG, Hilder EF. Porous polymer monoliths for extraction: Diverse applications and platforms. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1881-906. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Alés-Barrero F, Bosque-Sendra JM. In-line solid-phase extraction preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry for the multiresidue detection of quinolones in meat by pressurized liquid extraction. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2117-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Thabano JRE, Breadmore MC, Hutchinson JP, Johns C, Haddad PR. Selective extraction and elution of weak bases by in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis using a pH step gradient and a weak cation-exchange monolith. Analyst 2008; 133:1380-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b804805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Celo V, Yassine MM. Recent advances in CE and CEC of pollutants. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:310-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Tempels FWA, Underberg WJM, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Design and applications of coupled SPE-CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:108-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Augustin V, Proczek G, Dugay J, Descroix S, Hennion MC. Online preconcentration using monoliths in electrochromatography capillary format and microchips. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2858-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Wang X, Qiu C. Sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:191-219. [PMID: 17991475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A panorama of sample preparation methods has been composed from 481 references, with a highlight of some promising methods fast developed during recent years and a somewhat brief introduction on most of the well-developed methods. All the samples were commonly referred to molecular composition, being extendable to particles including cells but not to organs, tissues and larger bodies. Some criteria to evaluate or validate a sample preparation method were proposed for reference. Strategy for integration of several methods to prepare complicated protein samples for proteomic studies was illustrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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34
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Coufal P, Pacáková V, Stulík K. An evaluation of the experimental approaches to detection of small ions in CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3379-89. [PMID: 17806126 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review points out some important trends in the development of the detection techniques for small ions in CE. On the basis of selected literature references it briefly discusses some general requirements on detection techniques in CE. Various optical measurements, mass spectrometric approaches and electrochemical detection techniques are dealt with. Some specific features of microchip CE separation and detection are pointed out and possibilities of dual detection are mentioned. The principal parameters of the above detection techniques are then briefly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Coufal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 2830, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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35
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Abstract
A comprehensive overview of the analysis of low-molecular-mass organic acids employing electromigration methods in the capillary format is given. This review includes papers published since 2003 and can be seen as an update of the review paper published by Galli et al. in 2003. Tables included in this review contain application papers describing the determination of organic acids from a variety of fields like the analysis of food and beverages, environmental samples, samples from clinical origin, and from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Klampfl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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36
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Recent advances in coupling solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis (SPE–CE). Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Yone A, Rusell ML, Grasselli M, Vizioli NM. Iron protoporphyrin-modified monolithic support for on-line preconcentration of angiotensin prior to CE analysis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2216-8. [PMID: 17539038 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An on-line preconcentration method using a polymeric monolithic support is proposed for the retention of the decapeptide angiotensin I and its subsequent analysis by CZE. Monolithic capillary columns were prepared in fused-silica (FS) capillaries of 150 microm id by ionizing radiation-initiated in situ polymerization and cross-linking of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and chemically modified with iron protoporphyrin IX (Fe-ProP). Monolithic microcolumns (8 mm long) were coupled on-line to the inlet of the separation capillary (FS capillary, 75 microm id x10 cm from the inlet to the microcolumn and 27 cm from the microcolumn to the detector). Angiotensin I was released from the sorbent by a 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 2.5/ACN, 75:25 v/v solution and then analyzed by CZE with UV absorption detection at 214 nm. The concentration LOQ (CLOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL. The Fe-ProP-derivatized monolithic microcolumn coupled to the separation capillary exhibited a high retention capacity for peptide angiotensin I, and showed as much as 10,000-fold improvement in concentration sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Yone
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Glenn KM, Lucy CA, Haddad PR. Ion chromatography on a latex-coated silica monolith column. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:8-14. [PMID: 17306813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A silica monolith column (Merck Chromolith, 100 mm x 4.6 mm) has been coated with Dionex AS9-SC latex nanoparticles to convert the column into an anion-exchange stationary phase. For comparison purposes, a reversed-phase silica monolith was also converted into an anion-exchange column by coating with the cationic surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB). Separations of common inorganic anions were carried out using 7.5 or 5.0 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid at pH 7.0 along with suppressed conductivity detection. Direct comparisons were then made between the two columns in terms of selectivity, efficiency and stability. The latex-coated column was on average 50% more efficient than the DDAB-coated column. A 10% decrease in retention times was observed on the DDAB column over 11 h of continuous eluent flow, while the latex coating exhibited <1% change in retention even after 2.5 months of periodic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Glenn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2
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39
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Zhu G, Zhang L, Yuan H, Liang Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Recent development of monolithic materials as matrices in microcolumn separation systems. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:792-803. [PMID: 17536723 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of monolithic materials, including both organic and inorganic polymers, according mainly to the papers published in the past two years. Due to their good permeability, fast mass transfer, high stability, and their ease of modification, such materials have been widely used in microcolumn separation systems, not only as stationary phases for CEC and capillary HPLC, but also as substances for sample concentration and enzyme reactor. All the research results demonstrate that monolithic materials in microseparation systems can be expected to play an increasingly important role in the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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40
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Breadmore MC. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:254-81. [PMID: 17149782 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poor sensitivity is considered to be one of the major limitations of electrophoretic separation methods, particularly when compared to traditional liquid chromatographic techniques. To address this issue, various in-line preconcentration techniques have been developed over the past 15 years, ranging in power and complexity, and there are now a number of well understood approaches routinely capable of providing a 10,000- to 100,000-fold increase in sensitivity, as well as several that can be pushed above a million. Furthermore, these have been achieved with particularly troublesome and often difficult samples, such as those having high salinity from a biological or environmental origin. This review will discuss the most common methods for improving the sensitivity of CE, CEC and microchip version of these, with particular attention to those approaches developed over the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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41
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Benavente F, Vescina MC, Hernández E, Sanz-Nebot V, Barbosa J, Guzman NA. Lowering the concentration limits of detection by on-line solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1140:205-12. [PMID: 17174962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of solid-phase extraction coupled on-line to capillary electrophoresis using electrospray mass spectrometry detection (SPE-CE-ESI-MS) is described for the analysis of peptides in dilute solutions. A SPE microcartridge or analyte concentrator containing C(18) derivatized silica particles as the extraction sorbent was easily constructed near the inlet of the separation capillary using commercially available materials. The reversed-phase sorbent selectively retained the target peptides, enabling large volumes of the sample to be introduced (>100muL). The captured analytes were eluted in a small volume of an appropriate solution (20-50nL). This resulted in sample clean-up and concentration enhancement, with minimum sample handling. As the SPE-CE conditions were compatible with on-line ESI-MS detection, the potential for identifying and characterizing the preconcentrated analytes by SPE-CE-ESI-MS using a sheath-flow CE-ESI-MS interface is also shown. Using separation electrolytes containing N-[carbamoylmethyl]-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) at pH 7.4, an elution plug of 80:20 (v/v) (25mM of formic acid in MeCN):H(2)O and a sheath liquid of 20mM of acetic acid in 50:50 (v/v) methanol:H(2)O the concentration limits of detection for the analyzed peptides in the positive ion mode were lowered to nanogram per milliliter levels. The systematic optimization of the operational parameters involved in the development of the SPE-CE method is described in detail, in order to promote robust and quantitative SPE-CE-ESI-MS analysis and facilitate the widespread use of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Benavente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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42
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Ou J, Dong J, Dong X, Yu Z, Ye M, Zou H. Recent progress in polar stationary phases for CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:148-63. [PMID: 17136736 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes most of the recent developments in the preparation and application of polar stationary phases for CEC covering the literature published since the year 2004. These polar stationary phases have been adopted for separation of analytes by the modes of packing column CEC, open-tubular CEC (o-CEC) and monolithic column CEC. Currently, development of o-CEC using biomolecules, such as protein and DNA, as the immobilized ligands is highlighted partly due to the simplicity of preparation. Furthermore, monolithic columns have been extended quickly, particularly inorganic materials-based monoliths, such as silica, zirconia, hafnium, etc., as an alternative to packed columns have been developed quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ou
- National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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43
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Malá Z, Krivánková L, Gebauer P, Bocek P. Contemporary sample stacking in CE: A sophisticated tool based on simple principles. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:243-53. [PMID: 17136738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a general term for methods in CE which are used for on-line concentration of diluted analytes. During the stacking process, analytes present at low concentrations in a long injected sample zone are concentrated into a short zone (stack). The stacked analytes are then separated and individual zones are detected. Thus stacking provides better separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. Many papers have been published on stacking till now, various procedures have been described, and, many names have been proposed for stacking procedures utilizing the same principles. This contribution brings an easy and unified view on stacking, describes the basic principles utilized, makes a list of recognized operational principles and brings an overview of principal current procedures. Further, it surveys selected recent practical applications ordered according to their operational principles and includes the terms, nicknames, and acronyms used for these actual stacking procedures. This contribution may help both newcomers and experts in the field of CE to orient themselves in the already quite complex topic of sample stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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44
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Chang MS, Ji Q, Zhang J, El-Shourbagy TA. Historical review of sample preparation for chromatographic bioanalysis: pros and cons. Drug Dev Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Saavedra L, Barbas C. Chromatography-based on- and in-line pre-concentration methods in capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 70:289-97. [PMID: 17196661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) poses unique challenges in many different analytical applications, mainly to biological and complex samples and when only small amounts of sample are available, due to its low sample consumption. As a consequence, poor limits of detection are usually observed with this technique, especially with UV photodetectors. Minimal or no sample treatment is desirable in any analytical method to avoid external sources of contamination or errors and to provide a high throughput. On- and in-capillary sample pre-concentration strategies, based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology can take advantage of both techniques (SPE and CE), while avoiding sample contamination and tedious manipulations when the sample amount is an issue. Moreover, the combination can provide two-dimensional separations. This review collects the most recent strategies that merge SPE technology built on- and in-capillary pre-concentration for increasing sensitivity and/or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Saavedra
- Sección de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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