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Guo Y, Zheng MY, Zhang W, Hu DD. Fluorescent sensing platform based on green luminescence carbon dots and AuNPs for clenbuterol detection in pork liver. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8683-8690. [PMID: 35424808 PMCID: PMC8984920 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, water-soluble green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) were prepared using p-phenylenediamine and glutathione (GSH) as the precursors. The G-CDs exhibit excellent optical properties, and the maximum emission wavelength is located at 522 nm (under 410 nm excitation), which greatly overlaps with the absorption spectrum of AuNPs. Consequently, an effective “off–on” fluorescent sensing platform involved in G-CDs and AuNPs for detection of clenbuterol (CLB) was constructed. The fluorescence of G-CDs was strongly quenched by AuNPs due to the inner filter effect (IFE). As CLB was introduced, the quenched fluorescence intensity was recovered due to the specific interaction between the AuNPs and CLB. The recovered fluorescence intensity is linear to CLB concentration in the range of 13–270 ng mL−1 with a low detection limit of 3.75 ng mL−1. The prepared sensor has been successfully applied for CLB detection in pork liver and could be utilized in food analysis. Carbon dots (G-CDs) with bright green fluorescence are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of p-phenylenediamine and glutathione. Employing the G-CDs and AuNPs as sensing platform, a simple fluorescence sensor to detect clenbuterol was established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Min Yan Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Dao Dao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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2
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Li X, Yang Y, Miao J, Yin Z, Zhai Y, Shi H, Li Z. Determination of sulfa antibiotic residues in river and particulate matter by field-amplified sample injection-capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1584-1591. [PMID: 32683752 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, field-amplified sample injection-CZE (FASI-CZE) coupled with a diode array detector was established to determine trace level sulfa antibiotic. Sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfisoxazole were selected as analytes for the experiments. The background electrolyte solution consisted of 70.0 mmol/L borax and 60.0 mmol/L boric acid (including 10% methanol, pH 9.1). The plug was 2.5 mmol/L borax, which was injected into the capillary at a pressure of 0.5 psi for 5 s. Then the sample was injected into the capillary at an injection voltage of -10 kV for 20 s. The electrophoretic separation was carried out under a voltage of +19 kV. The capillary temperature was maintained at 20˚C throughout the analysis, and six sulfonamides were completely separated within 35 min. Compared with pressure injection-CZE, the sensitivity of FASI-CZE was increased by 6.25-10.0 times, and the LODs were reduced from 0.2-0.5 to 0.02-0.05 μg/mL. The method was applied to the determination of sulfonamides in river water and particulate matter samples. The recoveries were 78.59-106.59%. The intraday and interday precisions were 2.89-7.35% and 2.77-7.09%, respectively. This provides a simpler and faster method for the analysis of sulfa antibiotic residues in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Li
- School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Miao
- School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Yin
- School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Zhai
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
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Zhang Q, Li X, Yi W, Li W, Bai H, Liu J, Xi G. Plasmonic MoO2 Nanospheres as a Highly Sensitive and Stable Non-Noble Metal Substrate for Multicomponent Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11765-11771. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Institute
of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinshi Li
- Institute
of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wencai Yi
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Li
- Institute
of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Bai
- Institute
of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Xi
- Institute
of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, People’s Republic of China
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Lv L, Wang L, Li J, Jiao Y, Gao S, Wang J, Yan H. Enantiomeric separation of seven β-agonists by NACE—Study of chiral selectivity with diacetone-d-mannitol–boric acid complex. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Al-Majed AA, Khalil NY, Khbrani I, Abdel-Aziz HA. Clenbuterol Hydrochloride. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2017; 42:91-123. [PMID: 28431781 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol (Broncodil and trade) is a direct-acting sympathomimetic agent with mainly beta-adrenergic activity and a selective action on β2 receptors (a β2 agonist). It has properties similar to those of salbutamol. It is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airways obstruction, as in asthma and in certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The uses, applications, and the synthetic pathways of this drug are outlined. Physical characteristics including: ionization constant, solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis, UV spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum are all produced. This profile also includes the monograph of British Pharmacopoeia, together with several reported analytical methods including spectrophotometric, electrochemical, chromatographic, immunochemical methods, and capillary electrophoretic methods. The stability, the pharmacokinetic behavior, and the pharmacology of the drug are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Novel Stir Bar Array Sorptive Extraction Coupled With Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Determination of Three β2-Agonist Residues in Pork. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Zheng T, Gao Z, Luo Y, Liu X, Zhao W, Lin B. Manual-slide-engaged paper chip for parallel SERS-immunoassay measurement of clenbuterol from swine hair. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:418-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
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Cao X, Li H, Lian L, Xu N, Lou D, Wu Y. A dual-responsive fluorescence method for the detection of clenbuterol based on BSA-protected gold nanoclusters. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 871:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Qiao F, Du J. Rapid screening of clenbuterol hydrochloride in chicken samples by molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Us MF, Alshana U, Lubbad I, Göğer NG, Ertaş N. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop combined with field-amplified sample injection in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of beta(2)-agonists in bovine urine. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:854-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Usama Alshana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Lubbad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Nilgün G. Göğer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Nusret Ertaş
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Ankara; Turkey
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Lin X, Ni Y, Li S, Kokot S. A novel method for simultaneous analysis of three β2-agonists in foods with the use of a gold-nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode and chemometrics. Analyst 2012; 137:2086-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Clenbuterol is therapeutically used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma or for tocolytic reasons. In cattle feeding as well as in sports it is illicitly misused due to its anabolic properties to promote muscle growth. Sample preparation procedures and analytical techniques used for the detection of clenbuterol are manifold and vary with the objectives of the investigation. Methods for its detection in biological specimens, drug preparations, the environment, food and feed products are reported. They are mainly based on immunochemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, or on capillary electrophoresis. Sample preparation primarily includes liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. Depending on the aim of the method clenbuterol can be determined in single- or multi-analyte methods. In biological and environmental samples concentrations are generally low due to the potency of the drug. Thus, highly sensitive procedures are required for expedient analyses.
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Simultaneous Determination of Cimaterol, Salbutamol, Terbutaline and Ractopamine in Feed by SPE Coupled to UPLC. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Wu YW, Liu JF, Deng ZL, Zhang J, Jiang F, Xiong K, Zhang H. MEKC determination of IgG in human serum via
a pH-mediated acid stacking method. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3068-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Highly sensitive transient isotachophoresis sample stacking coupling with capillary electrophoresis-amperometric detection for analysis of doping substances. Talanta 2010; 81:1288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Liu X, Wang H, Liang Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Lei H, Shen Y, Sun Y. Production and Characterization of a Single-Chain Fv Antibody–Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein Specific for Clenbuterol. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 45:56-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Li C, Land DP. Separation and Determination of β 2-Agonists in Swine Feed Using Field-Amplified On-Line Sample Stacking Method by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903163214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou, P. R. China
- b Gansu Political Science and Law Institute , Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Donald P. Land
- c Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis, California, USA
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18
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Abstract
Sample stacking techniques remain an important tool for enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of analyses in contemporary CZE. This contribution reviews new knowledge on this topic published since 2006. It is organized according to the operational principles used, which include concentration adjustment, application of a pH step, MEKC and sweeping, and transient ITP. Techniques combining several of these principles and comparative studies are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
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Hlushkou D, Perdue RK, Dhopeshwarkar R, Crooks RM, Tallarek U. Electric field gradient focusing in microchannels with embedded bipolar electrode. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1903-1913. [PMID: 19532966 DOI: 10.1039/b822404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The complex interplay of electrophoretic, electroosmotic, bulk convective, and diffusive mass/charge transport in a hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/glass microchannel with embedded floating electrode is analyzed. The thin floating electrode attached locally to the wall of the straight microchannel results in a redistribution of local field strength after the application of an external electric field. Together with bulk convection based on cathodic electroosmotic flow, an extended field gradient is formed in the anodic microchannel segment. It imparts a spatially dependent electrophoretic force on charged analytes and, in combination with the bulk convection, results in an electric field gradient focusing at analyte-specific positions. Analyte concentration in the enriched zone approaches a maximum value which is independent of its concentration in the supplying reservoirs. A simple approach is shown to unify the temporal behavior of the concentration factors under general conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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On-line concentration of neutral analytes by complexation and acetonitrile sweeping in nonionic microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with direct ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5608-13. [PMID: 19524933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To separate and detect neutral solutes in nonionic microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC), a novel method was developed, combining complex formation and acetonitrile (ACN) sweeping. In this report, dynamic borate complexation and on-line sweeping occurred simultaneously during a run. The operating parameters which affected the performance of analyte sweeping in nonionic MEEKC were examined in terms of borate complexation, ACN content, Brij-35 concentration and sample plug length. In addition, the validation of the method included tests of the limit of detection, reproducibility and sensitivity enhancement. 60-110-Fold of magnitude improvement in detection sensitivity for model compounds (ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside Re) using Brij-35 microemulsion was demonstrated. Furthermore, the method was applied to the determination of glucosides in the plant extract.
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Zheng MM, Zhang MY, Feng YQ. Polymer monolith microextraction online coupled to hydrophilic interaction chromatography/mass spectrometry for analysis of β2-agonist in human urine. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1965-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of residual clenbuterol hydrochloride based on the catalysis of sodium periodate oxidizing eosine Y. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Bazylak G, Monge ME, Everaert J, Nagels LJ. Hydrophobicity-aided potentiometric detection of catecholamines, beta-agonists, and beta-blockers in a mixed-solvent capillary electrophoresis system. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:135-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Zheng L, Tong P, Zheng X, Chi Y, Chen G, Zhang L. Electrostacking online sample pre-concentration capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection for β2-agonists in human urine. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3556-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Sirichai S, Khanatharana P. Rapid analysis of clenbuterol, salbutamol, procaterol, and fenoterol in pharmaceuticals and human urine by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2008; 76:1194-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Sanchez MA, Rocha FR. A Flow-Based Analytical Procedure for Salbutamol Determination Exploiting Chemiluminescence in a Liquid-Core Waveguide. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Steroselective determination of trihexyphenidyl using carboxylmethyl-β-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Wen Y, Wang Y, Feng YQ. Extraction of clenbuterol from urine using hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography determination. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2874-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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