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Yu X, Kong Q, Wu Y, Li W, Rinchen D, Zhang Z, Shen Q, Luo P. Impact of extraction method on the lipids of Himalayan marmot oil with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9761. [PMID: 38714820 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Himalayan marmot oil (SPO) has been used for pharmaceutical purposes for centuries, but its composition is still unclear. The bioactivity of SPO highly depends on the techniques used for its processing. This study focused on the comprehensive lipidomics of SPO, especially on the ones derived from dry rendering, wet rendering, cold pressing, and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. METHODS We performed lipid profiling of SPO acquired by different extraction methods using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and 17 classes of lipids (2 BMPs, 12 LysoPCs, 9 LysoPEs, 41 PCs, 24 PEs, 23 Plasmenyl-PCs, 10 Plasmenyl-PEs, 10 MGs, 63 DGs, 187 TGs, 2 MGDGs, 3 Cer[NDS]s, 22 Cer[NS]s, 2 GlcCer[NS]s, 14 SMs, 14 CEs, and 6 AcylCarnitines) were characterized. RESULTS Fifty-five lipids were differentially altered (VIP > 1.5, p < 0.05) between the extraction techniques, which can be used as potential biomarkers to differentiate SPO extracted by various methods. Additionally, the contents of oleic acid and arachidic acid were abundant in all samples that may suggest their medicinal values and are conducive to in-depth research. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the alterations of lipid profile and free fatty acid composition in SPO obtained with different extraction methods, providing a theoretical foundation for investigating its important components as functional factors in medicines and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xina Yu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dorje Rinchen
- Affiliated Hospital of the Tibet University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qing Shen
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Luo
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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2
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Hasanpour M, Rezaie A, Iranshahy M, Yousefi M, Saberi S, Iranshahi M. 1H NMR-based metabolomics study of the lipid profile of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and some vegetable oils. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115848. [PMID: 37948777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, which consist of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are crucial for enhancing human health. These three omega-3s are regarded as vital dietary nutrients because it cannot synthesize them on its own. Therefore, they must be obtained through dietary sources. On the other hands, there are concerns regarding the quality and quantity of omega-3 in dietary sources and supplements. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis were harnessed for non-destructive profiling of fatty acids in commercially available omega-3 supplements and plant-based oils. Results disclosed substantial disparities in omega-3 content from 8 to over 50 %, with some revealing unexpected adulteration. Notably, in one fish oil sample DHA could not be detected indicating the possibility of adulteration. Additionally, the research delineated the fatty acid composition of plant-based oils, emphasizing variations in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) content among flaxseed, chia seed, and walnut oils. Chia seeds emerged as a rich source of ALA (57-65 %mol), while walnuts contained considerable LA (44-53 % mol). The findings emphasize the power of metabolomics as a rapid and affordable tool for finding omega-3 fatty acids content and adulteration in commercial dietary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Satar Saberi
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ge L, Yang H, Lu W, Cui Y, Jian S, Song G, Xue J, He X, Wang Q, Shen Q. Identification and comparison of palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7)-derived lipids in marine fish by-products by UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sigurjónsson S, Lúthersson E, Magnússon CD, Gudmundsson HG, Das E, Haraldsson GG. Asymmetric Synthesis of Methoxylated Ether Lipids: Total Synthesis of n-3 Polyunsaturated Docosahexaenoic Acid-Like Methoxylated Ether Lipid. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14623-14635. [PMID: 36279500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-like methoxylated ether lipid (MEL) is reported. This compound constitutes an all-cis methylene skipped hexaene framework identical to that present in DHA, the well-known omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The polyene C22 hydrocarbon chain, bearing a methoxyl group in the 2-position and R-configuration at the resulting chiral center, is attached by an ether linkage to the pro-S hydroxymethyl group (sn-1 position) of a glycerol backbone. The asymmetric synthesis is highly convergent and based on the polyacetylene approach involving iterative copper-promoted coupling reactions of propargyl bromides with terminal alkynes and semihydrogenation of the resulting hexayne. Starting from enantiopure R-solketal and racemic epichlorohydrin, the targeted MEL was accomplished in an 8.2% yield over eight steps (longest linear sequence) involving an enantio- and diastereopure glyceryl glycidyl ether key C6-building blocks from which the polyynes were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Einar Lúthersson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Carlos D Magnússon
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Science and Mathematics, Volda University College, P.O. Box 500, 6101 Volda, Norway
| | | | - Erika Das
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Wang S, Wang P, Cui Y, Lu W, Shen X, Zheng H, Xue J, Chen K, Zhao Q, Shen Q. Study on the physicochemical indexes, nutritional quality, and flavor compounds of Trichiurus lepturus from three representative origins for geographical traceability. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1034868. [PMID: 36386960 PMCID: PMC9664060 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichiurus lepturus (hairtail) is an important economic component of China's marine fishing industry. However, due to the difficulty in identifying the appearance of hairtail from different geographical distributions, hairtails with geographical indication trademarks were imitated by general varieties. In this study, the texture characteristics, color, basic nutrients, amino acids, mineral, fatty acids, and volatile flavor substances were used as indicators for multivariate statistical analysis to determine whether three origins of hairtails from the habitats of Zhoushan (East China Sea, T.Z), Hainan (South China Sea, T.N), and Qingdao (Yellow Sea, T.Q) in the market could be distinguished. The findings revealed that there were significant differences in amino acids composition, mineral composition, fatty acid composition in lipids, and volatile flavor substances among the hairtails of three origins (P < 0.05), but no differences in color, texture, protein content. T.Z had moisture, crude fat, essential amino acids (EAA), flavor amino acids (FAA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), and docosahexaenoic acids and dicosapentaenoic acids (ΣEPA + DHA) contents of 74.33, 5.4%, 58.25 mg⋅g-1, 46.20 mg⋅g-1, 66.84 and 19.38%, respectively, and the contents of volatile alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were 7.44, 5.30, and 5.38%, respectively. T.N contains moisture, crude fat, EAA, FAA, UFA and ΣEPA + DHA as 77.69, 2.38%, 64.76 mg⋅g-1, 52.44 mg⋅g-1, 65.52 and 29.45%, respectively, and the contents of volatile alcohols, aldehydes and ketones as 3.21, 8.92, and 10.98%, respectively. T.Q had the contents of moisture, crude fat, EAA, FAA, UFA, and ΣEPA + DHA 79.69, 1.43%, 60.9 mg⋅g-1, and 49.42 mg⋅g-1, respectively. The contents of unsaturated fatty acid and ΣEPA + DHA were 63.75 and 26.12%, respectively, while the volatile alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were 5.14, 5.99, and 7.85%, respectively. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) multivariate statistical analysis showed that volatile flavor compounds could be used as the most ideal indicators for tracing the source of hairtail. In conclusion, the findings of this study can distinguish the three hairtail origins using some basic indicators, providing ideas for hairtail geographical identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingya Wang
- Zhoushan Institute of Food & Drug Control, Zhoushan Institute of Calibration and Testing for Quality and Technology Supervision, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yiwei Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- Zhoushan Institute of Food & Drug Control, Zhoushan Institute of Calibration and Testing for Quality and Technology Supervision, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Vetica F, Sansone A, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C. A convenient route to mono-trans polyunsaturated free fatty acids. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221090908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trans unsaturated fatty acids in humans may be originated both from dietary supplementation and from an endogenous free-radical-catalyzed cis−trans isomerization of fatty acid residues in naturally occurring cis lipids. The latter process affords geometrical isomers and the polyunsaturated fatty acid mono-trans isomers were demonstrated to be connected with stress conditions in living organisms. Synthesis of mono-trans polyunsaturated fatty acid is useful for analytical and biological research, and in this case, the availability of free fatty acids is needed as well as the possibility of mg scale of the synthetic protocol. Herein, we report a simple synthetic route to mono-trans isomers of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, which includes thiyl radical-catalyzed isomerization reaction of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and fraction isolation of mono-trans mixture isomers followed by optimization of hydrolysis condition to free fatty acids and purification of each mono-trans polyunsaturated fatty acid. Our approach to mono-trans polyunsaturated fatty acids as free acids can reach the mg scale, thus fostering more applications to biochemical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vetica
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Sansone
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
- Center of Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Low-salted salmon: Effects of salt reduction on physicochemical, lipidomic, and sensory characteristics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Lorensia A, Budiono R, Suryadinata RV, Tiarasari N. Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:2159. [PMID: 33855393 PMCID: PMC8129766 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), from fish oil, in the long run, has been observed to have a positive impact on patients with coronary heart disease. Fish oil products, with so much EPA and DHA content are available, and have very variable prices. Therefore, as a therapy to be used for long-term treatment, the cost factor is to be considered. DESIGN AND METHODS This study analyzed the content of EPA and DHA, using GC-MS. The sample to be analyzed was the fish oil that has the lowest price (Product A1), and that of the highest (Product A2). Furthermore, the macroscopic analysis was performed, by observing the physical form including organoleptic and qualitative tests, by reading the fragments identified by EPA and DHA. RESULTS Clinical trials were conducted on patients (about 46 people), with risk factors and dyslipidemia. Product A1 showed EPA at tR= 15.574 min (relative%= 88.49%, similarity= 95%), and DHA at tR= 21.714 min (relative%= 88.92%, similarity= 93%). Product A2 showed EPA at tR= 28.719 min (relative%= 22.58%, similarity= 89%), and DHA at tR= 32.327 min (relative%= 22.87%, similarity= 90%), which meant that both had EPA and DHA contents, in accordance with their labels. Both products were confirmed to reduce total cholesterol in 4weeks (p=0.000, p= 0.000), with no significant difference in their effectiveness (p=0.652). CONCLUSION The results showed that both the A1 and A2 products, had the EPA and DHA contents in accordance with their respective labels. However, with the A2 product having a percentage relatively higher than that of the A1 brand, both are equally very effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Lorensia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya.
| | - Ryanto Budiono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy-Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya.
| | | | - Navy Tiarasari
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Jl. Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya.
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9
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Liu XM, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Zeng BQ, Zhang JW, Feng XS. Progress in Pretreatment and Analysis of Fatty Acids in Foods: An Update since 2012. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1673776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Yin F, Sun X, Zheng W, Luo X, Peng C, Jia Q, Fu Y. Improving the quality of microalgae DHA‐rich oil in the deodorization process using deoxygenated steam. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Yin
- College of Life Science Taizhou University Taizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- College of Life Science Taizhou University Taizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- College of Life Science Taizhou University Taizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Life Science Taizhou University Taizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Peng
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Seasons Biotechnology (Taizhou) Co., Ltd Taizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Fu
- College of Life Science Taizhou University Taizhou People's Republic of China
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11
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Sobańska AW. Impregnated silica-based layers in thin layer chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1725554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W. Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Yu X, Li L, Wang H, Song G, Wang J, Li S, Wang Y, Shen Q. Lipidomics study of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and salmons (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Salmo salar) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography and mass spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhou X, Shang J, Wang J, Jiang B, Wang Q. Antioxidant activity of extracts from the aril of Torreya fargesii Franch. And its protection on the oxidation of DHA algal oil. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1409270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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14
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Aldai N, Delmonte P, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Kramer JKG. Evidence for the Initial Steps of DHA Biohydrogenation by Mixed Ruminal Microorganisms from Sheep Involves Formation of Conjugated Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:842-855. [PMID: 29291262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of DHA with sheep rumen fluid resulted in 80% disappearance in 6 h. The products were analyzed as their fatty acid (FA) methyl esters by GC-FID on SP-2560 and SLB-IL111 columns. The GC-online reduction × GC and GC-MS techniques demonstrated that all DHA metabolites retained the C22 structure (no evidence of chain-shortening). Two new transient DHA products were identified: mono-trans methylene interrupted-DHA and monoconjugated DHA (MC-DHA) isomers. Identification of MC-DHA was confirmed by their predicted elution using equivalent chain length differences from C18 FA, their molecular ions, and the 22:5 products formed which were the most abundant at 6 h. The 22:5 structures were established by fragmentation of their 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives, and all 22:5 products contained an isolated double bond, suggesting formation via MC-DHA. The most abundant c4,c7,c10,t14,c19-22:5 appeared to be formed by unknown isomerases. Results suggest that the initial biohydrogenation of DHA was analogous to that of C18 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Aldai
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pierluigi Delmonte
- Office of Regulatory Science, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon , Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon , Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John K G Kramer
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph N1G 5C9, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Song G, Dai Z, Shen Q, Peng X, Zhang M. Analysis of the Changes in Volatile Compound and Fatty Acid Profiles of Fish Oil in Chemical Refining Process. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongshuai Song
- Institute of Seafood; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310012 P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Dai
- Institute of Seafood; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310012 P.R. China
| | - Qing Shen
- Institute of Seafood; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310012 P.R. China
| | - Xi Peng
- Institute of Seafood; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310012 P.R. China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Institute of Seafood; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310012 P.R. China
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16
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El-Yazbi AF, El-Hawiet A. Novel Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Quantification of Fish and Wheat Germ Oils Mixture in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:497-507. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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de Oliveira DASB, Minozzo MG, Licodiedoff S, Waszczynskyj N. Physicochemical and sensory characterization of refined and deodorized tuna (Thunnus albacares) by-product oil obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Chem 2016; 207:187-94. [PMID: 27080896 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of chemical refining and deodorization on fatty acid profiles and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the tuna by-product oil obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated. Enzymatic extraction was conducted for 120 min at 60 °C and pH 6.5 using Alcalase at an enzyme-substrate ratio of 1:200 w/w. The chemical refining of crude oil consisted of degumming, neutralization, washing, drying, bleaching, and deodorization; deodorization was conducted at different temperatures and processing times. Although chemical refining was successful, temperature and chemical reagents favored the removal of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from the oil. Aroma attributes of fishy odor, frying odor, and rancid odor predominantly contributed to the sensory evaluation of the product. Deodorization conditions of 160 °C for 1h and 200 °C for 1h were recommended for the tuna by-product oil, which is rich in PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayse A S B de Oliveira
- Department of Course Coordination, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - IFES, Rua Costa de Oliveira, 660, CEP 29285-000 Piúma, ES, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo G Minozzo
- Department of Course Coordination, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - IFES, Rua Costa de Oliveira, 660, CEP 29285-000 Piúma, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana Licodiedoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nina Waszczynskyj
- Graduation Program in Food Technology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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19
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Application of Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Quantitative Analysis of Selected n-3 and n-6 PUFA in Oil Supplements. Lipids 2016; 51:413-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Chromatographic Methods in the Separation of Long-Chain Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents various chromatographic systems, TLC, HPLC, GC, and also SFC, developed for identification and accurate quantification of long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids from different samples with emphasis on selected literature which was published during last decade. Almost all the aspects such as preseparation step of fatty acids (cisandtrans), stationary phase, solvent system, and detection mode are discussed.
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21
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Belaunzaran X, Bravo‐Lamas L, Kramer JKG, Aldai N. Limitation of using silver ion solid‐phase extraction for animal lipids with a low
trans
content. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Belaunzaran
- Department of Pharmacy and Food SciencesLascaray Research CentreUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)01006Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
| | - Leire Bravo‐Lamas
- Department of Pharmacy and Food SciencesLascaray Research CentreUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)01006Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
| | - John K. G. Kramer
- Guelph Food Research CentreAgriculture & Agri‐Food CanadaGuelphON, Canada (retired)
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Department of Pharmacy and Food SciencesLascaray Research CentreUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)01006Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
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22
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Srigley CT, Rader JI. Content and composition of fatty acids in marine oil omega-3 supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7268-7278. [PMID: 25003526 DOI: 10.1021/jf5016973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine oil omega-3 supplements are among the most frequently consumed dietary supplements in the United States. However, few studies have evaluated the overall fatty acid composition of these products. We investigated the content and composition of fatty acids in 46 commercially available marine oil omega-3 supplements by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection using the 200 m SLB-IL111 ionic liquid column. Seventy-three fatty acid isomers were quantified, including n-6, n-4, n-3, and n-1 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans isomers of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), the chromatographic separations of which we report for the first time on the 200 m SLB-IL111 column. Contents of EPA and DHA met their respective label declarations in more than 80% of the products examined. Eleven of the products (24%) carried the Food and Drug Administration's qualified health claim for EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tyburczy Srigley
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration , 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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23
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Lin CC, Wasta Z, Mjøs SA. Evaluation of the retention pattern on ionic liquid columns for gas chromatographic analyses of fatty acid methyl esters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Kraft J, Kramer JK, Hernandez M, Letarte J, Aldai N, Sandercole V, Mohammed R, Mayer F, Mossoba MM, Delmonte P. Silver ion solid-phase extraction chromatography for the analysis oftransfatty acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal Science; University of Vermont; Burlington VT
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25
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Separation of the Fatty Acids in Menhaden Oil as Methyl Esters with a Highly Polar Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column and Identification by Time of Flight Mass spectrometry. Lipids 2013; 48:1279-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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A database of chromatographic properties and mass spectra of fatty acid methyl esters from omega-3 products. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Trans Isomers of EPA and DHA in Omega-3 Products on the European Market. Lipids 2012; 47:659-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Ferreri C, Grabovskiy SA, Aoun M, Melchiorre M, Kabal’nova N, Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Coudray C, Chatgilialoglu C. Trans Fatty Acids: Chemical Synthesis of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Isomers and Detection in Rats Fed a Deodorized Fish Oil Diet. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:687-94. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stanislav A. Grabovskiy
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of RAS, 71 prospekt Oktyabrya,
450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Manar Aoun
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Michele Melchiorre
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Kabal’nova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of RAS, 71 prospekt Oktyabrya,
450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Charles Coudray
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
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29
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Santercole V, Delmonte P, Kramer JKG. Comparison of Separations of Fatty Acids from Fish Products Using a 30-m Supelcowax-10 and a 100-m SP-2560 Column. Lipids 2012; 47:329-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Alves SP, Tyburczy C, Lawrence P, Bessa RJB, Brenna JT. Acetonitrile covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry of non-methylene-interrupted pentaene fatty acid methyl esters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1933-1941. [PMID: 21698676 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acetonitrile covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (CACIMS/MS) has shown to be an efficient method for the identification of double-bond position in homoallylic, conjugated and several polyene non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) fatty acid methyl esters. However, it has not been thoroughly evaluated for NMI highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) with more than four double bonds. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich single cell oil (DHASCO(®); Martek Biosciences, Corp.) was partially hydrogenated (partially hydrogenated DHASCO; PHDO) producing ten novel 22:5 and 22:6 HUFA isomers. In single-stage MS, the ratio of [M+54](+)/[M+54-32](+) for the 22:5 and 22:6 isomers indicated the presence of homoallylic or partially conjugated double-bond systems. The CACIMS/MS spectra revealed six 22:5 isomers with diagnostic ions corresponding to the homoallylic 22:5n-6 and 22:5n-3 isomers, and four distinct NMI 22:5 isomers. Diagnostic ions for four 22:6 isomers were identical to the native DHA illustrating that CACIMS/MS is sensitive to double-bond position but not geometry. Three gas chromatography (GC) peaks for partially conjugated 22:6 isomers were also detected and clearly distinguishable from homoallylic 22:6 isomers, but their CACIMS/MS spectra did not yield prominent ions indicative of double-bond position, possibly due to co-elution. Overall, CACIMS/MS was effective for determining double-bond position in NMI 22:5 isomers. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate and determine fragmentation patterns for partially conjugated and NMI 22:6 HUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- INRB - Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, Unidade de Produção Animal, Fonte-Boa, 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
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31
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Kairenius P, Toivonen V, Shingfield KJ. Identification and Ruminal Outflow of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Intermediates in Cows Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil. Lipids 2011; 46:587-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Azizian H, Kramer JKG, Ehler S, Curtis JM. Rapid quantitation of fish oil fatty acids and their ethyl esters by FT-NIR models. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Chung KH, Lee KY. Removal of trimethylamine by adsorption over zeolite catalysts and deodorization of fish oil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:922-927. [PMID: 19692177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is the main agent for the odor often associated with fouling fish, some infections, and bad breath. This study focused on the adsorption of TMA over various microporous zeolites for application in the low-temperature deodorization of fishy odor from raw fish oil. The faujasite (Si/Al=3) zeolite exhibited the high adsorption ability, which, in combination with its wide surface area and pore volume, may have induced the high adsorption ability. The H-mordenite (Si/Al=10) zeolite exhibited a large TMA adsorption. It was considered to have generated more attractive adsorption with TMA ions, because TMA interacted briskly with cations of acid sites on the zeolites. The fishy odor of raw fish oil was considerably reduced by low-temperature adsorption on the zeolites. The surface area of the zeolites retained most of the TMA adsorption ability, and their acid strength further enhanced the adsorption ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hwan Chung
- Center for Functional Nano Fine Chemicals & Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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34
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Ruiz-Rodriguez A, Reglero G, Ibañez E. Recent trends in the advanced analysis of bioactive fatty acids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 51:305-26. [PMID: 19525080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of dietary fats have been long associated to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease; although some controversy still exists in the role of dietary fats in human health, certain fats have demonstrated their positive effect in the modulation of abnormal fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism, both of them associated to chronic diseases. Among the different fats, some fatty acids can be used as functional ingredients such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), stearidonic acid (STA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), among others. The present review is focused on recent developments in FAs analysis, covering sample preparation methods such as extraction, fractionation and derivatization as well as new advances in chromatographic methods such as GC and HPLC. Special attention is paid to trans fatty acids due its increasing interest for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Analytical Methods for Quantification of Modified Fatty Acids and Sterols Formed as a Result of Processing. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-008-9055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Mjøs SA. Retention behavior oftrans isomers of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid methyl esters on a polyethylene glycol stationary phase. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Fournier V, Destaillats F, Hug B, Golay PA, Joffre F, Juanéda P, Sémon E, Dionisi F, Lambelet P, Sébédio JL, Berdeaux O. Quantification of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid geometrical isomers formed during fish oil deodorization by gas–liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:353-9. [PMID: 17449039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) of the n-3 series and especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA, respectively) have important biological properties. The main dietary sources of LC-PUFAs are fish and fish oil. Geometrical isomerization is one of the main reactions happening during the thermal treatment of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Refined fish oils are used to supplement food products in LC-PUFAs and the quality of these nutritional ingredients have to be controlled. In the present study, a suitable method for the quantification of EPA and DHA geometrical isomers in fish oils by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) is presented. A highly polar capillary column (CP-Sil 88, 100 m) operating under optimal conditions was used. Method selectivity was studied by GC-mass spectrometry. The performance characteristics of the quantification method were studied using samples of fish oil deodorized at 220 degrees C for 3 h. The linearity of the method was assessed by analyzing composite samples obtained by mixing fish oil deodorized at 220 degrees C with semi-refined fish oil (control). Precision was evaluated by analyzing the same samples in triplicate. Results showed that the validated method is suitable to quantify low amounts of geometrical (trans) isomers of EPA and DHA in refined fish oils. The limits of quantification of the EPA and DHA geometrical isomers are 0.16 and 0.56 g/100 g of fish oil, for EPA and DHA, respectively. Commercially available LC-PUFA oil samples were evaluated by using the validated method. The results show that the oils analyzed contain low amounts (<1% of total fatty acids) of geometrical isomers of EPA and DHA.
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38
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Kiridena W, Qian J, Koziol WW, Poole CF. Evaluation of the separation characteristics of application-specific (fatty acid methyl esters) open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:740-5. [PMID: 17461115 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The solvation parameter model is used to characterize the separation properties of the polar stationary phases EC-Wax and PAG with a poly(ethylene oxide) backbone (substituted with propylene oxide in the case of PAG) and the cyanopropyl-substituted polysilphenylene-siloxane stationary phase BPX90 at five equally spaced temperatures between 60 and 140 degrees C. The separation characteristics of these stationary phases are compared to four PEG and two poly(cyanopropylsiloxane) stationary phases (HP-20M, HP-Innowax, SolGel-Wax, DB-WAXetr, HP-88, and SP-2340) characterized in the same way. The database of system constants for these polar stationary phases is used to provide insight into the separation mechanism for fatty acid methyl esters and to determine selectivity differences that can be expected for generically similar stationary phase types. The discussion is not structured to indicate which stationary phase should be used for a particular separation but to provide a general framework to demonstrate the relationship between the retention mechanism and stationary phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Kiridena
- Flint Group, North America, Analytical and Physical Sciences Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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39
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Fournier V, Destaillats F, Lambelet P, Dionisi F, Sébédio JL, Berdeaux O. Degradation products formed from long-chain PUFA during deodorization of fish oil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.200600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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