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Purified recombinant human Chromogranin A N46 peptide with remarkable anticancer effect on human colon cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105266. [PMID: 34449322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human Chromogranin A N46 (CGA-N46) is a weak cationic α-helical peptide with wide-spectrum antibacterial, fungal, and anticancer activities. In this study, the recombinant human CGA-N46 peptide was expressed successfully in Escherichia coli. The gene of CGA-N46 was cloned into the expression vector pET-15b without a fusion tag at the N terminus and the peptide was expressed using Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) as an inducer. Using 8 M guanidinium HCl, inclusion bodies containing the peptide were purified and solubilized. The rhCGA-N46 peptide was purified using Q-FF anion exchange column. The cytotoxicity of the purified rhCGA-N46 peptide was investigated on WI-38 human lung normal cell line. The anticancer activity was studied on human colon cancer cell line; HCT-116 cell line. Besides, the possible involvement of rhCGA-N46 peptide in regulating apoptotic signal pathways was analyzed by detecting the expression levels of BCL2, BID, and CAS-8 in the treated cells. The results concluded that the active peptide recovery was up to 41.98%. The purified rhCGA-N46 was safe on normal cells with IC50 = 227.74 µg/ml (40.67 µM) and had an obvious anticancer effect on colon cancer cells with IC50 = 1.997 µg/ml (356.6 nM). The expression level of BCL2 was down-regulated and BID and CAS-8 were up-regulated significantly in treated HCT-116 cells compared to untreated. In conclusion, the rhCGA-N46 peptide was produced successfully in the native form with promising anti-colon cancer activity.
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Lin S, He C. Streamlined purification and characterization of Pyrococcus furiosus rubredoxins with different N-terminal modifications by reversed-phase HPLC. Anal Biochem 2021; 619:114128. [PMID: 33577792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rubredoxins (Rds), like those from Pyrococcus furious (Pf), have largely been found to be expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a mixture of different N-terminal forms, which may affect the properties of the protein. The typical procedures for the purification of Rds are cumbersome and usually with low yield. We present herein a streamlined purification strategy based on the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which offers high yield and high resolution after simply one-step purification following pre-treatment. We also show that RP-HPLC can be a valuable tool to gain information related to the thermal decomposition pathway of Pf-Rds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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3
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Tan CH, Liew JL, Navanesan S, Sim KS, Tan NH, Tan KY. Cytotoxic and anticancer properties of the Malaysian mangrove pit viper ( Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus) venom and its disintegrin (purpureomaculin). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200013. [PMID: 32742279 PMCID: PMC7375409 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asiatic pit vipers from the Trimeresurus complex are medically important venomous snakes. These pit vipers are often associated with snakebite that leads to fatal coagulopathy and tissue necrosis. The cytotoxic venoms of Trimeresurus spp.; however, hold great potential for the development of peptide-based anticancer drugs. Methods This study investigated the cytotoxic effect of the venom from Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus, the mangrove pit viper (also known as shore pit viper) which is native in Malaysia, across a panel of human cancer cell lines from breast, lung, colon and prostate as well as the corresponding normal cell lines of each tissue. Results The venom exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activities on all cell lines tested, with median inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.42 to 6.98 µg/mL. The venom has a high selectivity index (SI = 14.54) on breast cancer cell line (MCF7), indicating that it is significantly more cytotoxic toward the cancer than to normal cell lines. Furthermore, the venom was fractionated using C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the anticancer effect of each protein fraction was examined. Fraction 1 that contains a hydrophilic low molecular weight (approximately 7.5 kDa) protein was found to be the most cytotoxic and selective toward the breast cancer cell line (MCF7). The protein was identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a venom disintegrin, termed purpureomaculin in this study. Conclusion Taken together, the findings revealed the potent and selective cytotoxicity of a disintegrin protein isolated from the Malaysian T. purpureomaculatus venom and suggested its anticancer potential in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo Hock Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Lee Liew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suerialoasan Navanesan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Shin Sim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang Q, Chen W, Wang Q, Tao Y, Yu R, Pan G, Dang J. Preparative separation of isoquinoline alkaloids from
Corydalis impatiens
using middle chromatogram isolated gel column coupled with positively charged reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2521-2528. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai ProvinceQinghai Nationalities University Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai ProvinceQinghai Nationalities University Xining Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine ResearchNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai P. R. China
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Falconer IB, Mant CT, McKnight CJ, Vugmeyster L, Hodges R. Optimized purification of a fusion protein by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography informed by the linear solvent strength model. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:44-52. [PMID: 28942999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusion protein systems are commonly used for expression of small proteins and peptides. An important criterion for a fusion protein system to be useful is the ability to separate the protein of interest from the tag. Additionally, because no protease cleaves fusion proteins with 100% efficiency, the ability to separate the desired peptide from any remaining uncleaved protein is also necessary. This is likely to be the more difficult task as at least a portion of the sequence of the fusion protein is identical to that of the protein of interest. When a high level of purity is required, gradient elution reversed-phase HPLC is frequently used as a final purification step. Shallow gradients are often advantageous for maximizing both the purity and yield of the final product; however, the relationship between relative retention times at shallow gradients and those at steeper gradients typically used for analytical HPLC are not always straightforward. In this work, we report reversed-phase HPLC results for the fusion protein system consisting of the N-terminal domain of ribosomal protein L9 (NTL9) and the 36-residue villin headpiece subdomain (HP36) linked by a recognition sequence for the protease factor Xa. This system represents an excellent example of the difficulties in purification that may arise from this unexpected elution behavior at shallow gradients. Additionally, we report on the sensitivity of this elution behavior to the concentration of the additive trifluoroacetic acid in the mobile phase and present optimized conditions for separating HP36 from the full fusion protein by reversed-phase HPLC using a shallow gradient. Finally, we suggest that these findings are relevant to the purification of other fusion protein systems, for which similar problems may arise, and support this suggestion using insights from the linear solvent strength model of gradient elution liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac B Falconer
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, United States
| | - Colin T Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - C James McKnight
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Liliya Vugmeyster
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, United States.
| | - Robert Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States.
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Yang B, Xin H, Wang F, Cai J, Liu Y, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Purification of lignans from Fructus Arctii
using off-line two-dimensional supercritical fluid chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3231-3238. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bichao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Huaxia Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Feier Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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8
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Fan Y, Fu Y, Fu Q, Cai J, Xin H, Dai M, Jin Y. Purification of flavonoids from licorice using an off-line preparative two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography method. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2710-9. [PMID: 27214649 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An orthogonal (71.9%) off-line preparative two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography method coupled with effective sample pretreatment was developed for separation and purification of flavonoids from licorice. Most of the nonflavonoids were firstly removed using a self-made Click TE-Cys (60 μm) solid-phase extraction. In the first dimension, an industrial grade preparative chromatography was employed to purify the crude flavonoids. Click TE-Cys (10 μm) was selected as the stationary phase that provided an excellent separation with high reproducibility. Ethyl acetate/ethanol was selected as the mobile phase owing to their excellent solubility for flavonoids. Flavonoids co-eluted in the first dimension were selected for further purification using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Multiple compounds could be isolated from one normal-phase fraction and some compounds with bad resolution in one-dimensional liquid chromatography could be prepared in this two-dimensional system owing to the orthogonal separation. Moreover, this two-dimensional liquid chromatography method was beneficial for the preparation of relatively trace flavonoid compounds, which were enriched in the first dimension and further purified in the second dimension. Totally, 24 flavonoid compounds with high purity were obtained. The results demonstrated that the off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography method was effective for the preparative separation and purification of flavonoids from licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Fu
- Hai Nan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huaxia Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mei Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Kirwan JP, Hodges RS. Transmission of stability information through the N-domain of tropomyosin is interrupted by a stabilizing mutation (A109L) in the hydrophobic core of the stability control region (residues 97-118). J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4356-66. [PMID: 24362038 PMCID: PMC3924298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tm) is an actin-binding, thin filament, two-stranded α-helical coiled-coil critical for muscle contraction and cytoskeletal function. We made the first identification of a stability control region (SCR), residues 97-118, in the Tm sequence that controls overall protein stability but is not required for folding. We also showed that the individual α-helical strands of the coiled-coil are stabilized by Leu-110, whereas the hydrophobic core is destabilized in the SCR by Ala residues at three consecutive d positions. Our hypothesis is that the stabilization of the individual α-helices provides an optimum stability and allows functionally beneficial dynamic motion between the α-helices that is critical for the transmission of stabilizing information along the coiled-coil from the SCR. We prepared three recombinant (rat) Tm(1-131) proteins, including the wild type sequence, a destabilizing mutation L110A, and a stabilizing mutation A109L. These proteins were evaluated by circular dichroism (CD) and differential scanning calorimetry. The single mutation L110A destabilizes the entire Tm(1-131) molecule, showing that the effect of this mutation is transmitted 165 Å along the coiled-coil in the N-terminal direction. The single mutation A109L prevents the SCR from transmitting stabilizing information and separates the coiled-coil into two domains, one that is ∼9 °C more stable than wild type and one that is ∼16 °C less stable. We know of no other example of the substitution of a stabilizing Leu residue in a coiled-coil hydrophobic core position d that causes this dramatic effect. We demonstrate the importance of the SCR in controlling and transmitting the stability signal along this rodlike molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Kirwan
- From the Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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10
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Leone A, Lecci RM, Durante M, Piraino S. Extract from the zooxanthellate jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata modulates gap junction intercellular communication in human cell cultures. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1728-62. [PMID: 23697954 PMCID: PMC3707171 DOI: 10.3390/md11051728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, jellyfish populations in coastal marine ecosystems exhibit increasing trends of abundance. High-density outbreaks may directly or indirectly affect human economical and recreational activities, as well as public health. As the interest in biology of marine jellyfish grows, a number of jellyfish metabolites with healthy potential, such as anticancer or antioxidant activities, is increasingly reported. In this study, the Mediterranean “fried egg jellyfish” Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) has been targeted in the search forputative valuable bioactive compounds. A medusa extract was obtained, fractionated, characterized by HPLC, GC-MS and SDS-PAGE and assayed for its biological activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The composition of the jellyfish extract included photosynthetic pigments, valuable ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and polypeptides derived either from jellyfish tissues and their algal symbionts. Extract fractions showed antioxidant activity and the ability to affect cell viability and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC) differentially in MCF-7and HEKa cells. A significantly higher cytotoxicity and GJIC enhancement in MCF-7 compared to HEKa cells was recorded. A putative action mechanism for the anticancer bioactivity through the modulation of GJIC has been hypothesized and its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Unit of Lecce (CNR, ISPA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mails: (R.M.L.); (M.D.)
- CoNISMa, National Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Local Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0832-422-615; Fax: +39-0832-422-620
| | - Raffaella Marina Lecci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Unit of Lecce (CNR, ISPA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mails: (R.M.L.); (M.D.)
- CoNISMa, National Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Local Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Unit of Lecce (CNR, ISPA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mails: (R.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Stefano Piraino
- CoNISMa, National Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Local Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mail:
- University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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Dhamole PB, Mahajan P, Feng H. Sugaring out: A new method for removal of acetonitrile from preparative RP-HPLC eluent for protein purification. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Josic D, Kovac S. Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography of proteins. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2010; Chapter 8:8.7.1-8.7.22. [PMID: 20814934 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0807s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) is one of most important techniques for protein separations and the method of choice for peptide separation. RP-HPLC has been applied on the nano, micro, and analytical scale, and has also been scaled up for preparative purifications, to large industrial scale. Because of its compatibility with mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC is an indispensable tool in proteomic research. With modern instrumentation and columns, complex mixtures of peptides and proteins can be separated at attomolar levels for further analysis. In addition, preparative RP-HPLC is often used for large-scale purification of proteins. This unit provides protocols for packing and testing a column, protein separation by use of gradient or step elution, desalting of protein solutions, and separation of enzymatic digests before mass spectrometric analyses. A protocol is also provided for cleaning, regenerating, and storing reversed-phase chromatography columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Josic
- Proteomics Core, COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Spomenka Kovac
- Department of Chemistry, J. J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
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Kirwan JP, Hodges RS. Critical interactions in the stability control region of tropomyosin. J Struct Biol 2010; 170:294-306. [PMID: 20144718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has recently described a stability control region in the two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil alpha-tropomyosin that accounts for overall protein stability but is not required for folding (Hodges et al., 2009). We have used a synthetic peptide approach to investigate three stability control sites within the stability control region (residues 97-118). Two of the sites, electrostatic cluster 1 (97-104, EELDRAQE) and electrostatic cluster 2 (112-118, KLEEAEK), feature sequences with unusually high charge density and the potential to form multiple intrachain and interchain salt bridges (ionic attractions). A third site (105-111, RLATALQ) features an e position Leu residue, an arrangement known previously to enhance coiled-coil stability modestly. A native peptide and seven peptide analogs of the tropomyosin sequence 85-119 were prepared by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Thermal stability measurements by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed the following T(m) values for the native peptide and three key analogs: 52.9 degrees C (Native), 46.0 degrees C (R101A), 45.3 degrees C (K112A/K118A), and 27.9 degrees C (L110A). The corresponding DeltaT(m) values for the analogs, relative to the native peptide, are -6.9 degrees C, -7.6 degrees C, and -25.0 degrees C, respectively. The dramatic contribution to stability made by L110e is three times greater than the contribution of either electrostatic cluster 1 or 2, likely resulting from a novel hydrophobic interaction not previously observed. These thermal stability results were corroborated by temperature profiling analyses using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). We believe that the combined contributions of the interactions within the three stability control sites are responsible for the effect of the stability control region in tropomyosin, with the Leu110e contribution being most critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Kirwan
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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14
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Hodges RS, Mills J, McReynolds S, Kirwan JP, Tripet B, Osguthorpe D. Identification of a unique "stability control region" that controls protein stability of tropomyosin: A two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:747-62. [PMID: 19627992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nine recombinant chicken skeletal alpha-tropomyosin proteins were prepared, eight C-terminal deletion constructs and the full length protein (1-81, 1-92, 1-99, 1-105, 1-110, 1-119, 1-131, 1-260 and 1-284) and characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation. We identified for the first time, a stability control region between residues 97 and 118. Fragments of tropomyosin lacking this region (1-81, 1-92, and 1-99) still fold into two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coils but are significantly less stable (T(m) between 26-28.5 degrees C) than longer fragments containing this region (1-119, 1-131, 1-260 and 1-284) which show a large increase in their thermal midpoints (T(m) 40-43 degrees C) for a DeltaT(m) of 16-18 degrees C between 1-99 and 1-119. We further investigated two additional fragments that ended between residues 99 and 119, that is fragments 1-105 and 1-110. These fragments were more stable than 1-99 and less stable than 1-119, and showed that there were three separate sites that synergistically contribute to the large jump in protein stability (electrostatic clusters 97-104 and 112-118, and a hydrophobic interaction from Leu 110). All the residues involved in these stabilizing interactions are located outside the hydrophobic core a and d positions that have been shown to be the major contributor to coiled-coil stability. Our results show clearly that protein stability is more complex than previously thought and unique sites can synergistically control protein stability over long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, 80045, USA.
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Li W, Feng J, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Xue X, Liang X. Purification of flavonoids and triterpene saponins from the licorice extract using preparative HPLC under RP and HILIC mode. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:526-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Liquid chromatography of recombinant proteins and protein drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:133-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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A novel method of prediction and optimization for preparative high-performance liquid chromatography separation. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1183:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oliveira JE, Damiani R, Bartolini P, Ribela MTCP. Practical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for laboratory-scale purification of recombinant human thyrotropin. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:206-11. [PMID: 17662991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A small, semi-preparative C(4) RP-HPLC column was used to set up the conclusive laboratory-scale purification of Chinese hamster ovary-derived human thyrotropin (hTSH), after a preliminary concentration-purification of an extremely dilute and poorly ( approximately 0.6 microg hTSH/mL; mass fraction=0.35%) conditioned medium on a cation exchanger. Several fractions of this eluate were repeatedly injected on the semi-preparative column, obtaining, in a single run (<1h chromatographic time), a concentrated pool ( approximately 1.2 mg/mL) of highly purified hTSH that could be further concentrated to >3 mg/mL and then efficiently lyophilized. The overall recovery in the rapid RP-HPLC purification step, including concentration and lyophilization, was of the order of 80%. The final product, when tested via a precise, single-dose in vivo bioassay, confirmed that it did not suffer any loss of bioactivity. This same methodology can be easily adapted to the small-scale purification of other recombinant products, even when obtained from genetically modified organisms at extremely low concentrations and mass fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ezequiel Oliveira
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proved extremely versatile over the past 25 yr for the isolation and purification of peptides varying widely in their sources, quantity and complexity. This article covers the major modes of HPLC utilized for peptides (size-exclusion, ion-exchange, and reversed-phase), as well as demonstrating the potential of a novel mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction/cation-exchange approach developed in this laboratory. In addition to the value of these HPLC modes for peptide separations, the value of various HPLC techniques for structural characterization of peptides and proteins will be addressed, e.g., assessment of oligomerization state of peptides/proteins by size-exclusion chromatography and monitoring the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of amphipathic alpha-helical peptides, a vital precursor for the development of novel antimicrobial peptides. The value of capillary electrophoresis for peptide separations is also demonstrated. Preparative reversed-phase chromatography purification protocols for sample loads of up to 200 mg on analytical columns and instrumentation are introduced for both peptides and recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Chen Y, Mant CT, Hodges RS. Preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography collection efficiency for an antimicrobial peptide on columns of varying diameters (1mm to 9.4mm I.D.). J Chromatogr A 2006; 1140:112-20. [PMID: 17156789 PMCID: PMC2759115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) column diameter (1mm to 9.4mm I.D.) on the one-step slow gradient preparative purification of a 26-residue synthetic antimicrobial peptide. When taken together, the semi-preparative column (9.4mm I.D.) provided the highest yields of purified product (an average of 90.7% recovery from hydrophilic and hydrophobic impurities) over a wide range of sample load (0.75-200mg). Columns with smaller diameters, such as narrowbore columns (150x2.1mm I.D.) and microbore columns (150x1.0mm I.D.), can be employed to purify peptides with reasonable recovery of purified product but the range of the crude peptide that can be applied to the column is limited. In addition, the smaller diameter columns require more extensive fraction analysis to locate the fractions of pure product than the larger diameter column with the same load. Our results show the excellent potential of the one-step slow gradient preparative protocol as a universal method for purification of synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert S. Hodges
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 303 724 3253; fax: +1 303 724 3249. E-mail address: (R.S. Hodges)
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