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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of sapucainha oil (Carpotroche brasiliensis) triacylglycerols comprising straight chain and cyclic fatty acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1479-1489. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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2
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Flanagan G, Andrianova AA, Casey J, Hellrung E, Diep BA, Seames WS, Kubátová A. Simultaneous high-temperature gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric analysis of monocarboxylic acids and acylglycerols in biofuels and biofuel intermediate products. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:165-178. [PMID: 30551941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triacyl-, diacyl- and monoacylglycerols (TAGs, DAGs, MAGs) along with monocarboxylic acids (MCAs) are intermediate products in many triacylglycerol oil-to-biofuel conversion pathways. Accumulation of these compounds leads to poor biofuel characteristics and may result in fuel system damage. We developed a method for simultaneous identification and quantification of a wide range of MCAs (C4-C18), MAGs, DAGs, and TAGs. The method is based on trimethylsilylation followed by high temperature GC with programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injection coupled to parallel FID and MS detectors (HTGC-FID/MS). To minimize the discrimination of both low and high molecular weight species typically occurring on the injector, we optimized injection conditions using a central composite design. The critical variables were the time at initial temperature (40 °C), splitless time, and the interaction between these two parameters. Among three tested electron ionization source/quadrupole analyzer temperatures, a 350/200 °C setting provided the highest response and signal-to-noise ratio for TAGs and did not have an effect on MAGs and DAGs. Similar results were obtained when quantifying target analytes in intermediate products of soybean oil cracking with FID and MS (using specific acylglycerol fragmentation ions). The instrumental FID limits of detection (LODs) were 0.07-0.27 ng for most of the target analytes. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) LODs were 0.01-0.05 ng for MCAs and 0.03-0.14 ng for acylglycerols. For the total ion current (TIC), LODs observed increased with acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation, resulting in an increase from 0.05 to 0.18 ng for MCAs (C5 to C18) and from 0.03 to 1.8 ng for acylglycerols (TAGs C8 to C22). Deviations in the repeatability of sample preparation, intra- and inter-day analyses, including sample stability over an eight-day time period, did not exceed 10% variance. These results demonstrate that the developed method is accurate and robust for the determination of acylglycerols and MCAs produced during the processing of TAGs into biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Flanagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Anastasia A Andrianova
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Jana Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Eric Hellrung
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Bonnie A Diep
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Wayne S Seames
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of North Dakota, 241 Centennial Dr., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-7101, USA
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA.
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FragClust and TestClust, two informatics tools for chemical structure hierarchical clustering analysis applied to lipidomics. The example of Alzheimer's disease. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2215-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Greer MS, Zhou T, Weselake RJ. A novel assay of DGAT activity based on high temperature GC/MS of triacylglycerol. Lipids 2014; 49:831-8. [PMID: 24934589 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG), a high-energy compound composed of three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone. In vitro DGAT assays, which are usually conducted with radiolabeled substrate using microsomal fractions, have been useful in identifying compounds and genetic modifications that affect DGAT activity. Here, we describe a high-temperature gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for monitoring molecular species of TAG produced by the catalytic action of microsomal DGAT. This method circumvents the need for radiolabeled or modified substrates, and only requires a simple lipid extraction prior to GC. The utility of the method is demonstrated using a recombinant type-1 Brassica napus DGAT produced in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisae that is deficient in TAG synthesis. The GC/MS-based assay of DGAT activity was strongly correlated with the typical in vitro assay of the enzyme using [1-(14)C] acyl-CoA as an acyl donor. In addition to determining DGAT activity, the method is also useful for determining substrate specificity and selectivity properties of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Greer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Alberta Innovates Phytola Centre, University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Ruiz-Samblás C, González-Casado A, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Triacylglycerols Determination by High-temperature Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Vegetable Oils and Foods: A Review of the Past 10 Years. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 55:1618-31. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.713045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Picariello G, Sacchi R, Fierro O, Melck D, Romano R, Paduano A, Motta A, Addeo F. High resolution13CNMR detection of short- and medium-chain synthetic triacylglycerols used in butterfat adulteration. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaele Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Portici; Napoli; Italy
| | - Olga Fierro
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Avellino; Italy
| | - Dominique Melck
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Pozzuoli; Napoli; Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Portici; Napoli; Italy
| | - Antonello Paduano
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Portici; Napoli; Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Pozzuoli; Napoli; Italy
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9
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Yoshinaga K, Nagai T, Mizobe H, Kojima K, Gotoh N. Simple method for the quantification of milk fat content in foods by LC-APCI-MS/MS using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-butyroyl-glycerol as an indicator. J Oleo Sci 2013; 62:115-21. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Nagy K, Sandoz L, Destaillats F, Schafer O. Mapping the regioisomeric distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols by hybrid mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:290-305. [PMID: 23093552 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d031484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the use of hybrid mass spectrometry for the mapping, identification, and semi-quantitation of triacylglycerol regioisomers in fats and oils. The identification was performed based on the accurate mass and fragmentation pattern obtained by data-dependent fragmentation. Quantitation was based on the high-resolution ion chromatograms, and relative proportion of sn-1(3)/sn-2 regioisomers was calculated based on generalized fragmentation models and the relative intensities observed in the product ion spectra. The key performance features of the developed method are inter-batch mass accuracy < 1 ppm (n = 10); lower limit of detection (triggering threshold) 0.1 μg/ml (equivalent to 0.2 weight % in oil); lower limit of quantitation 0.2 μg/ml (equivalent to 0.4 weight % in oil); peak area precision 6.5% at 2 μg/ml concentration and 15% at 0.2 μM concentration; inter-batch precision of fragment intensities < 1% (n = 10) independent of the investigated concentration; and averaged accuracy using the generic calibration 3.8% in the 1-10 μg/ml range and varies between 1-23% depending on analytes. Inter-esterified fat, beef tallow, pork lard, and butter fat samples were used to show how well regioisomeric distribution of palmitic acid can be captured by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Nagy
- Food Science and Technology Department; Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kalo PJ, Kemppinen A. Regiospecific analysis of TAGs using chromatography, MS, and chromatography-MS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Determination of Triacylglycerols in Butterfat by Normal-Phase HPLC and Electrospray–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2008; 44:169-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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