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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Determination of physicochemical parameters of (bio)molecules and (bio)particles by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400174. [PMID: 38867483 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration (CE) methods for the determination of important physicochemical parameters of various (bio)molecules and (bio)particles. These parameters include actual and limiting (absolute) ionic mobilities, effective electrophoretic mobilities, effective charges, isoelectric points, electrokinetic potentials, hydrodynamic radii, diffusion coefficients, relative molecular masses, acidity (ionization) constants, binding constants and stoichiometry of (bio)molecular complexes, changes of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy and rate constants of chemical reactions and interactions, retention factors and partition and distribution coefficients. For the determination of these parameters, the following CE methods are employed: zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography. In the individual sections, the procedures for the determination of the above parameters by the particular CE methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Stefanik O, Majerova P, Kovac A, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of therapeutic peptides-A review. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:120-164. [PMID: 37705480 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides are a growing class of innovative drugs with high efficiency and a low risk of adverse effects. These biomolecules fall within the molecular mass range between that of small molecules and proteins. However, their inherent instability and potential for degradation underscore the importance of reliable and effective analytical methods for pharmaceutical quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring, and compliance testing. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has long time been the "gold standard" conventional method for peptide analysis, but capillary electrophoresis (CE) is increasingly being recognized as a complementary and, in some cases, superior, highly efficient, green, and cost-effective alternative technique. CE can separate peptides composed of different amino acids owing to differences in their net charge and size, determining their migration behavior in an electric field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic peptides that have been used in the clinical environment for the last 25 years. It describes the properties, classification, current trends in development, and clinical use of therapeutic peptides. From the analytical point of view, it discusses the challenges associated with the analysis of therapeutic peptides in pharmaceutical and biological matrices, as well as the evaluation of CE as a whole and the comparison with LC methods. The article also highlights the use of microchip electrophoresis, nonaqueous CE, and nonconventional hydrodynamically closed CE systems and their applications. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing new CE-based analytical methods to ensure the high quality, safety, and efficacy of therapeutic peptides in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Stefanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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3
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Kašička V. Peptide mapping of proteins by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4245-4279. [PMID: 36200755 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides a wide overview of important developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods in the area of peptide mapping of proteins in the period 1997-mid-2022, including review articles on this topic. It deals with all major aspects of peptide mapping by capillary electromigration methods: i) precleavage sample preparation involving purification, preconcentration, denaturation, reduction and alkylation of protein(s) to be analyzed, ii) generation of peptide fragments by off-line or on-line enzymatic and/or chemical cleavage of protein(s), iii) postcleavage preparation of the generated peptide mixture for capillary electromigration separation, iv) separation of the complex peptide mixtures by one-, two- and multidimensional capillary electromigration methods coupled with mass spectrometry detection, and v) a large application of peptide mapping for variable purposes, such as qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies and other protein biopharmaceuticals, monitoring of posttranslational modifications, determination of primary structure and investigation of function of proteins in biochemical and clinical research, characterization of proteins of variable origin as well as for protein and peptide identification in proteomic and peptidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Electromigration Methods, The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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4
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Ramos Y, Almeida A, Carpio J, Rodríguez‐Ulloa A, Perera Y, González LJ, Wiśniewski JR, Besada V. Gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting fractionator combined with filter aided sample preparation for deep proteomic analysis. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1784-1796. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassel Ramos
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Alexis Almeida
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Jenis Carpio
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Arielis Rodríguez‐Ulloa
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- China‐Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC) Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd Hunan Province China
- Molecular Oncology Group Pharmacology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Luis J. González
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction Max‐Planck‐Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Proteomics Group System Biology Department Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Havana Cuba
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5
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Pero-Gascon R, Tascon M, Sanz-Nebot V, Gagliardi LG, Benavente F. Improving separation optimization in capillary electrophoresis by using a general quality criterion. Talanta 2020; 208:120399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Ramos Y, González A, Sosa‐Acosta P, Perez‐Riverol Y, García Y, Castellanos‐Serra L, Gil J, Sánchez A, González LJ, Besada V. Sodium dodecyl sulfate free gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting for peptide fractionation. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3712-3717. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassel Ramos
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Annia González
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Patricia Sosa‐Acosta
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Yasset Perez‐Riverol
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Yairet García
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | | | - Jeovanis Gil
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical CentreDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringLund University, Lund Lund Sweden
| | - Aniel Sánchez
- Section for Clinical ChemistryDepartment of Translational MedicineLund UniversitySkåne University Hospital Malmö Malmö Sweden
| | - Luis J. González
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
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Hidalgo-Caballero S, Lentz CJ, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Assessment of submicron particle zeta potential in simple electrokinetic microdevices. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1395-1399. [PMID: 30511396 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present communication illustrates the use of simple electrokinetic devices for the assessment of the zeta potential of submicron polystyrene particles. A combination of manual and automatic particle tracking was employed. This approach allows for characterizing particles in the same conditions and devices in which they can be separated, e.g. dielectrophoretic separations; making the resulting data readily applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hidalgo-Caballero
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.,Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Cody Justice Lentz
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Krokhin OV, Anderson G, Spicer V, Sun L, Dovichi NJ. Predicting Electrophoretic Mobility of Tryptic Peptides for High-Throughput CZE-MS Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2000-2008. [PMID: 28208305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A multiparametric sequence-specific model for predicting peptide electrophoretic mobility has been developed using large-scale bottom-up proteomic CE-MS data (5% (∼0.8M) acetic acid as background electrolyte). Peptide charge (Z) and size (molecular mass, M) are the two major factors determining electrophoretic mobility, in complete agreement with previous studies. The extended size of the data set (>4000 peptides) permits access to many sequence-specific factors that impact peptide mobility. The presence of acidic residues Asp and Glu near the peptide N-terminus is by far the most prominent among them. The induction effect of the side chain of N-terminal Asp reduces the basicity of the N-terminal amino group and, as hence, its charge, by ∼0.27 units, lowering mobility. The correlation of the model (R2 ∼ 0.995) indicates that the peptide separation process in CZE is relatively simple and can be predicted to a much higher precision than current RP-HPLC models. Similar to RP-HPLC prediction studies, we anticipate future developments that introduce peptide migration standards, collect larger data sets for modeling through the alignment of multiple CZE-MS acquisitions, and study of the behavior of peptides carrying post-translational modifications. The increased size of data sets will also permit investigation of the fine-scale effects of peptide secondary structure on peptide mobility. We observed that peptides with higher helical propensity tend to have higher than predicted electrophoretic mobility; the incorporation of these features into CZE migration models will require significantly larger data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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9
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Deiber JA, Peirotti MB, Piaggio MV. Charge regulation phenomenon predicted from the modeling of polypeptide electrophoretic mobilities as a relevant mechanism of amyloid-beta peptide oligomerization. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:711-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Deiber
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marta B. Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Maria V. Piaggio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; UNL; Santa Fe Argentina
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10
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Tamizi E, Jouyban A. The potential of the capillary electrophoresis techniques for quality control of biopharmaceuticals-A review. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:831-58. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Tamizi
- Biotechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmacy Faculty and Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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11
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Deiber JA, Peirotti MB, Piaggio MV. Global properties and propensity to dimerization of the amyloid-beta (12-28) peptide fragment through the modeling of its monomer and dimer diffusion coefficients and electrophoretic mobilities. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:805-12. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Deiber
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marta B. Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Maria V. Piaggio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL; Santa Fe Argentina
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12
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Barroso A, Giménez E, Benavente F, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Modelling the electrophoretic migration behaviour of peptides and glycopeptides from glycoprotein digests in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 854:169-77. [PMID: 25479881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the classical semiempirical relationships between the electrophoretic mobility and the charge-to-mass ratio (me vs. q/M(α)) were used to model the migration behaviour of peptides and glycopeptides originated from the digestion of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a biologically and therapeutically relevant glycoprotein. The Stoke's law (α=1/3), the classical polymer model (α=1/2) and the Offord's surface law (α=2/3) were evaluated to predict migration of peptides and glycopeptides, with and without sialic acids (SiA), in rhEPO digested with trypsin and trypsin-neuraminidase. The Stoke's law resulted in better correlations for the set of peptides used to evaluate the models, while glycopeptides fitted better with the classical polymer model. Once predicted migration times with both models, it was easy to simulate their separation electropherogram. Results were later validated predicting migration and simulating separation of a different set of rhEPO glycopeptides and also human transferrin (Tf) peptides and glycopeptides. The excellent agreement between the experimental and the simulated electropherograms with rhEPO and Tf digests confirmed the potential applicability of this simple strategy to predict, in general, the peptide-glycopeptide electrophoretic map of any digested glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Barroso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Deiber JA, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB. Estimation of electrokinetic and hydrodynamic global properties of relevant amyloid-beta peptides through the modeling of their effective electrophoretic mobilities and analysis of their propensities to aggregation. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2618-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Deiber
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Maria V. Piaggio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marta B. Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
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14
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Allison SA, Wu H, Bui TM, Dang L, Huynh GH, Nguyen T, Soegiarto L, Truong BC. Specific ion effects on the electrophoretic mobility of small, highly charged peptides: A modeling study. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2403-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengfu Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Tuyen M. Bui
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Lac Dang
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Giang H. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Linda Soegiarto
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Bi C. Truong
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
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15
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Large volume sample stacking for rapid and sensitive determination of antidiabetic drug metformin in human urine and serum by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Català-Clariana S, Benavente F, Giménez E, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Identification of bioactive peptides in hypoallergenic infant milk formulas by CE-TOF-MS assisted by semiempirical model of electromigration behavior. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:1886-94. [PMID: 23564639 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active peptides derived from complex bovine milk protein hydrolysates are of particular interest in food science and nutrition because they have been shown to play different physiological roles, providing benefits in human health. In this study, we used CE-TOF-MS for separation and identification of bioactive peptides in three hypoallergenic infant milk formulas. An appropriate sample cleanup using a citrate buffer with DTT and urea followed by SPE with Sep-Pack® C18 and StrataX™ cartridges allowed the detection of a large number of low molecular mass bioactive peptides. This preliminary identification was solely based on the measured experimental monoisotopic molecular mass values (M(exp)). Later, we evaluated the classical semiempirical relationships between electrophoretic mobility and charge-to-mass ratio (m(e) vs. q/M(α), α = 1/2 for the classical polymer model) to describe their migration behavior. The assistance of migration prediction proved to be useful to improve reliability of the identification, avoiding misinterpretations and solving some identity conflicts. After revision, the identity of 24, 30, and 38 bioactive peptides was confirmed in each of the three infant milk formulas. A significant number of these peptides were reported as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, however, the presence of sequences with other biological activities such as antihypertensive, antithrombotic, hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulation, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antigenic, or opioid was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Català-Clariana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute-INSA-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Deiber JA, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB. Global chain properties of an alll-α-eicosapeptide with a secondary α-helix and its all retrod-inverso-α-eicosapeptide estimated through the modeling of their CZE-determined electrophoretic mobilities. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:755-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Deiber
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Maria V. Piaggio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; UNL; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marta B. Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
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18
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Deiber JA, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB. Evaluation of the slip length in the slipping friction between background electrolytes and peptides through the modeling of their capillary zone electrophoretic mobilities. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2648-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Deiber
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); UNL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe; Argentina
| | - Maria V. Piaggio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe; Argentina
| | - Marta B. Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); UNL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe; Argentina
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19
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Šolínová V, Kašička V. Determination of acidity constants and ionic mobilities of polyprotic peptide hormones by CZE. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2655-65. [PMID: 23775856 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CZE has been applied to determination of thermodynamic acidity constants (pKa ) of ionogenic groups and actual ionic mobilities of polyprotic peptides-synthetic human and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormones and their derivatives and fragments. First, the mixed acidity constants, pKa,imix, of ionogenic groups, and actual ionic mobilities, mi , of gonadotropin-releasing hormone peptides were determined by nonlinear regression analysis of pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities. The effective mobilities were measured by CZE in a series of BGEs within a broad pH range (1.80-12.10), at constant ionic strength (25 mM) and reference temperature (25°C). Second, the pKa,imix values were recalculated to thermodynamic pKa s using the Debye-Hückel theory. Thermodynamic pKa of carboxyl groups was estimated to be in the range of 2.5-3.3 for C-terminal amino acids of the above peptides, and 5.2 for glutamic acid in the middle of peptide chain; pKa of imidazolyl group of histidine residues was in the range of 5.7-6.8, pKa of N-terminal amino group of the peptide with free N-terminus was equal to 6.2, pKa of phenol group of tyrosine residues was in the range of 9.8-10.8, and pKa of guanidinyl group or arginine residues reached values 11.1-11.3, depending on the position of the residues in the peptide and on the amino acid sequence of the peptide. Absolute values of actual ionic mobilities of peptides with charge number ±2 were in the range (14.6-18.6) × 10(-9) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) , and ionic mobilities of peptides with charge number ±1 reached values (6.5-12.9) × 10(-9) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Deiber JA, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB. Determination of electrokinetic and hydrodynamic parameters of proteins by modeling their electrophoretic mobilities through the electrically charged spherical soft particle. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:708-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Deiber
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe; Argentina
| | - María V. Piaggio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; UNL; Santa Fe; Argentina
| | - Marta B. Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC); Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Santa Fe; Argentina
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Righetti PG, Sebastiano R, Citterio A. Capillary electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in peptide and protein analysis. Proteomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Sebastiano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - Attilio Citterio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milano; Italy
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Šolínová V, Poitevin M, Koval D, Busnel JM, Peltre G, Kašička V. Capillary electrophoresis in classical and carrier ampholytes-based background electrolytes applied to separation and characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormones. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:231-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu H, Allison SA, Perrin C, Cottet H. Modeling the electrophoresis of highly charged peptides: Application to oligolysines. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:556-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Deiber JA, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB. Global conformations of proteins as predicted from the modeling of their CZE mobility data. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2779-87. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu KP, Xia BB, Zhang XY. Review of QSPR Modeling of Mobilities of Peptides in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802129001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University, Lanzhou , Gansu, P. R. China
| | - B. B. Xia
- a Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University, Lanzhou , Gansu, P. R. China
| | - X. Y. Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University, Lanzhou , Gansu, P. R. China
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Staňová A, Marák J, Maier V, Ranc V, Znaleziona J, Ševčík J, Kaniansky D. Analysis of buserelin in urine by online combination of capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1234-1240. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Benavente F, Giménez E, Barrón D, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Modeling the electrophoretic behavior of quinolones in aqueous and hydroorganic media. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:965-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jing J, Liang G, Mei H, Xiao S, Xia Z, Li Z. Quantitative structure–mobility relationship studies of dipeptides in capillary zone electrophoresis using three-dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020802512203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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The free solution electrophoretic mobility of peptides by a bead modeling methodology. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1908-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Separation and determination of peptide hormones by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence coupled with transient pseudo-isotachophoresis preconcentration. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jouyban A, Kenndler E. Impurity analysis of pharmaceuticals using capillary electromigration methods. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3531-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pei H, Xin Y, Allison SA. Using electrophoretic mobility and bead modeling to characterize the charge and secondary structure of peptides. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:555-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides and to methodology of their separations, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, and detection, are presented. Novel developments in individual CE and CEC modes are shown and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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