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Jiang F, Xu XW, Chen FQ, Weng HF, Chen J, Ru Y, Xiao Q, Xiao AF. Extraction, Modification and Biomedical Application of Agarose Hydrogels: A Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050299. [PMID: 37233493 DOI: 10.3390/md21050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous compounds present in the ocean are contributing to the development of the biomedical field. Agarose, a polysaccharide derived from marine red algae, plays a vital role in biomedical applications because of its reversible temperature-sensitive gelling behavior, excellent mechanical properties, and high biological activity. Natural agarose hydrogel has a single structural composition that prevents it from adapting to complex biological environments. Therefore, agarose can be developed into different forms through physical, biological, and chemical modifications, enabling it to perform optimally in different environments. Agarose biomaterials are being increasingly used for isolation, purification, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, but most are still far from clinical approval. This review classifies and discusses the preparation, modification, and biomedical applications of agarose, focusing on its applications in isolation and purification, wound dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and 3D printing. In addition, it attempts to address the opportunities and challenges associated with the future development of agarose-based biomaterials in the biomedical field. It should help to rationalize the selection of the most suitable functionalized agarose hydrogels for specific applications in the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin-Wei Xu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fu-Quan Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Fen Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yi Ru
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - An-Feng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
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Bonella S, Raimondo D, Milanetti E, Tramontano A, Ciccotti G. Mapping the hydropathy of amino acids based on their local solvation structure. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6604-13. [PMID: 24845543 DOI: 10.1021/jp500980x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In spite of its relevant biological role, no general consensus exists on the quantitative characterization of amino acid's hydropathy. In particular, many hydrophobicity scales exist, often producing quite different rankings for the amino acids. To make progress toward a systematic classification, we analyze amino acids' hydropathy based on the orientation of water molecules at a given distance from them as computed from molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast with what is usually done, we argue that assigning a single number is not enough to characterize the properties of an amino acid, in particular when both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions are present in a residue. Instead we show that appropriately defined conditional probability densities can be used to map the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the amino acids with greater detail than possible with other available methods. Three indicators are then defined based on the features of these probabilities to quantify the specific hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of each amino acid. The characterization that we propose can be used to understand some of the ambiguities in the ranking of amino acids in the current scales. The quantitative indicators can also be used in combination with standard bioinformatics tools to predict the location of transmembrane regions of proteins. The method is sensitive to the specific environment of the amino acids and can be applied to unnatural and modified amino acids, as well as to other small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bonella
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome , Ple A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Moreira JS, Almeida RG, Tavares LS, Santos MO, Viccini LF, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA, Raposo NRB, Dias SC, Franco OL. Identification of botryticidal proteins with similarity to NBS-LRR proteins in rosemary pepper (Lippia sidoides Cham.) flowers. Protein J 2011; 30:32-8. [PMID: 21210197 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heavy agricultural losses are closely related to attacks by insect-pests and phytopathogens such as bacteria and fungi. Among them, the fungus Botrytis cinerea can cause gray mold in more than 200 different species of plants, and is considered a challenging problem for agribusiness. Fungicides are commonly used to control this pathogen because they are fast-working and easy to apply. However, the continuous use of fungicides may promote the selection of resistant fungi and can also cause profound contamination in ecosystems. Aiming to find alternative strategies to solve these problems, several studies have focused on searching for plant proteins and peptides with antifungal activities (AFPs). With this in mind, this report shows the isolation and characterization of two novels antifungal proteins from flowers of rosemary pepper (Lippia sidoides Cham.) with 10 and 15 kDa. Isolation was performed by using an Octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic column. In vitro bioassays indicated that isolated proteins were able to inhibit B. cinerea development, but were not effective against all bacteria tested. Moreover, N-termini sequences indicate that both proteins showed sequence homology with NBS-LRR R proteins with a lower molecular mass, suggesting possible protein fragmentation. Data reported here could help in the development of biotechnological products for crop protection against phytopathogenic fungi in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- João S Moreira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte 70. 790-160 Asa Norte, Brasília, DF-Brazil.
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Lienqueo ME, Shene C, Quiroga A, Salazar O, Salgado JC, Asenjo JA. Experimental Validation of the Predictions of a Mathematical Model for Protein Purification and Tag Selection. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.507434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nakagawa T, Ishihara T, Yoshida H, Yoneya T, Wakamatsu K, Kadoya T. Relationship between human IgG structure and retention time in hydroxyapatite chromatography with sodium-phosphate gradient elution. J Sep Sci 2009; 33:37-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kwon MA, Kim HS, Yang TH, Song BK, Song JK. High-level expression and characterization of Fusarium solani cutinase in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 68:104-9. [PMID: 19580870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High-level extracellular production of Fusarium solani cutinase was achieved using a Pichia pastoris expression system. The cutinase-encoding gene was cloned into pPICZalphaA with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal sequence and methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase promoter by two different ways. The additional sequences of the c-myc epitope and (His)6-tag of the vector were fused to the C-terminus of cutinase, while the other expression vector was constructed without any additional sequence. P. pastoris expressing the non-tagged cutinase exhibited about two- and threefold higher values of protein amount and cutinase activity in the culture supernatant, respectively. After simple purification by diafiltration process, both cutinases were much the same in the specific activity and the biochemical properties such as the substrate specificity and the effects of temperature and pH. In conclusion, the high-level secretion of F. solani cutinase in P. pastoris was demonstrated for the first time and would be a promising alternative to many expression systems previously used for the large-scale production of F. solani cutinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Kwon
- Chemical Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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Methods of calculating protein hydrophobicity and their application in developing correlations to predict hydrophobic interaction chromatography retention. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1838-44. [PMID: 19100553 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is a key technique for protein separation and purification. Different methodologies to estimate the hydrophobicity of a protein are reviewed, which have been related to the chromatographic behavior of proteins in HIC. These methodologies consider either knowledge of the three-dimensional structure or the amino acid composition of proteins. Despite some restrictions; they have proven to be useful in predicting protein retention time in HIC.
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