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Baškirovs G, Dukurs K, Soliven A, Górnaś P. Evaluation of RPLC stationary phases for tocopherol and tocotrienol positional isomer separation: Method development and profiling. Talanta 2024; 277:126360. [PMID: 38878508 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Reversed-phase separation of tocopherols (Ts) and tocotrienols (Ts) using C18 stationary phases results in the coelution of β and γ positional isomers, leading to identification errors. This study investigates the potential of alternative stationary phase chemistries to effectively resolve tocochromanols, specifically focusing on the critical pair of β and γ positional isomers. Initial screening of seven different stationary phases (C18, C18-PFP, C30, PFP, 5PYE, πNAP, and RP-Amide) was conducted. Linear solvent strength (LSS) studies were performed to assess the impact of the organic modifier (methanol) and temperature on the chromatographic performance parameters. Five columns were found to be suitable for the tocochromanol separation and two different chromatographical conditions per column were proposed. Elution order of tocochromanols was unique for 5PYE, πNAP and C30 columns in comparison to RP-Amide and PFP. Method development for the quantitative analysis of four tocopherol and four tocotrienol homologues was performed. The optimised method employed the RP-Amide (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm dp) superficially porous particle column, mobile phase of methanol:water of 92:8, v/v, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, column oven temperature of 40 °C and fluorescence detection (λex 295 nm, λem 330 nm). The analysis run time was 10.5 min with 13.6 MPa back pressure. The method was validated and the obtained LOQs were found to be 1.30-3.13 μg/mL. The method developed was successfully applied for the determination of tocochromanols in twenty samples with unique tocochromanol profiles. Principal component analysis illustrated three distinct groups based on the tocochromanol profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krists Dukurs
- Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
| | - Arianne Soliven
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, South Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia
| | - Paweł Górnaś
- Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia.
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Xiong Z, Yang M, Chen X, Gong Y. Influence of Metal Coordination on the Gas-Phase Chemistry of the Positional Isomers of Fluorobenzoate Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2181-2190. [PMID: 36251055 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation behaviors of the o-, m-, and p-fluorobenzoate complexes of La3+, Ce3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and UO22+ were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the corresponding reaction mechanisms were explored by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Fluoride transfer product LaIIIFCl3-/CeIIIFCl3- and decarboxylation product LaIIICl3(C6H4F)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4F)- were observed when the carboxylate precursors LaIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)- were subjected to collision-induced dissociation. The variation in product ratios, which is not obvious in the meta and para cases, qualitatively follows the increasing overall energy barrier and reaction endothermicity of the two-step CO2/C6H4 elimination mechanism, and this aligns with the increase in U-F distance in the ortho, meta, and para decarboxylation product isomers. In contrast, the mass spectra of FeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CuIICl2(C6H4FCO2)- are dominated by the reduction product FeCl3-/CuCl2- regardless of the fluorobenzoate isomer. DFT/B3LYP calculations show that the two-step CO2/C6H4F elimination pathways are comparable in energy for all three positional isomers. It is energetically more favorable to give the reduction product than the fluoride transfer product, which is opposite to the lanthanum cases. Although the decarboxylation product was observed for all three UVIO2Cl2(C6H4FCO2)- isomers, the ortho isomer behaves more similarly to LaIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)- as evidenced by the formation of UVIO2FCl2-, and the appearance of UVO2Cl2- in the cases of the meta and para isomers indicates the similarity with FeIIICl3(C6H4FCO2)-/CuIICl2(C6H4FCO2)-. The shorter U-F distance in UVIO2Cl2(o-C6H4F)- causes the decrease in the fluoride transfer barrier and thus makes this process more favorable over o-C6H4F radical loss to give UVO2Cl2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Štiffelová Z, Moravský L, Michalczuk B, Čižmárik J, Matejčík Š, Andriamainty F. Analysis of positional isomers of 2-3-4-alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid derivatives by a combination of TLC and IMS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1184:122970. [PMID: 34655891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated a separation of positional isomers of some derivatives of alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid. These compounds belong to drugs with local anesthetics activity. The low volatility compounds were analysed by a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) using diode laser desorption for sample introduction to IMS. This combined approach allowed the identification of compounds. Also, we have carried out IMS studies of all compounds and determined their ion mobilities The ion mobilities were increasing with the geometry change from position ortho to para of alkoxy chain, which is in agreement with their different collision cross section (CCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Štiffelová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Moravský
- Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bartosz Michalczuk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Jozef Čižmárik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Fils Andriamainty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Levandowski MN, Rozada TC, Melo UZ, Basso EA, Fiorin BC. Conformational equilibrium of phenylacetic acid and its halogenated analogues through theoretical studies, NMR and IR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 174:138-146. [PMID: 27889673 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a study on the conformational preferences of phenylacetic acid (PA) and its halogenated analogues (FPA, CPA, BPA). To clarify the effects that rule these molecules' behaviour, theoretical calculations were used, for both the isolated phase and solution, combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Most conformations of phenylacetic acid and its halogenated derivatives are stabilized through the hyperconjugative effect, which rules the conformational preference. NMR analyses showed that even with the variation in medium polarity, there was no significant change in the conformation population. Infrared spectroscopy showed similar results for all compounds under study. In most spectra, two bands were found through the carbonyl deconvolution, which is in accordance with the theoretical data. It was possible to prove that variation in the nature of the substituent in the ortho position had no significant influence on the conformational equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Levandowski
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900 - Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Rozada
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900 - Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Z Melo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 - Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ernani A Basso
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 - Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Barbara C Fiorin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900 - Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Yan Z, Zhang W, Gao J, Lin Y, Li J, Lin Z, Zhang L. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography separation of positional isomers on a MIL-53(Fe) packed column. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of the metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-53(Fe) as a novel stationary phase for reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of positional isomers is described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Jia Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Yifen Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Jianrong Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou
- China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Lan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
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Yan Z, Zheng J, Chen J, Tong P, Lu M, Lin Z, Zhang L. Preparation and evaluation of silica-UIO-66 composite as liquid chromatographic stationary phase for fast and efficient separation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Selectivity of Brij-35 in Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Positional Isomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/458153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of Brij-35, a nonionic surfactant, as a mobile phase for separation of positional isomers is investigated. Chromolith C-18 SpeedROD is used as a stationary phase. The effect of surfactant and organic modifier (propanol) concentration on the separation of some selected isomers is studied and evaluated in terms of linear solvation energy relationship (LSER). Shape selectivity is assessed by α value of sorbic and benzoic acid, which is found to be 1.339 by using mobile phase composed of 0.5% aqueous solutions of Brij-35 and propanol in 9 : 1. Isomers of parabens, nitroanilines, nitrophenols, and quinolinols are successfully separated using mobile phases composed of various percentages of surfactant and propanol. System constants for nonionic MLC using LSER analysis show that hydrogen bond basicity and dipolarity may be major contributors to selectivity, while excess molar refraction helps fine-tuning the separation which also imparts unique selectivity to nonionic surfactants as compared to ionic ones.
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