3
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Khater S, West C. Characterization of three macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1604:460485. [PMID: 31477276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic glycopeptides have been used as chromatographic stationary phases for over twenty years, particularly for their ability to separate enantiomers. While they are mostly used with buffered aqueous liquid mobile phases, they can also be used in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with mobile phases comprising pressurized carbon dioxide and a co-solvent (like methanol), possibly comprising acidic or basic additives. In the present study, we compared three macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phases (Chirobiotic V2, Chirobiotic T and Chirobiotic TAG) in SFC with carbon dioxide - methanol (90:10) containing no additives. First, the interactions contributing to retention are evaluated with a modified version of the solvation parameter model, comprising five Abraham descriptors (E, S, A, B, V) and two additional descriptors to take account of interactions with ionizable species (D- and D+). Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) are established based on the retention of 145 achiral analytes. Secondly, the contributions of interactions to enantioseparations are discussed, based on the analysis of 67 racemates. The individual success rate on each phase was observed to be moderate, especially as these phases are known to be more efficient when acidic or basic additives are employed. Chirobiotic TAG proved more successful than the other two phases. Discriminant analyses were computed to gain some insight on retention mechanisms, but only Chirobiotic TAG provided interpretable results. Finally, the effects of a small proportion of acidic or basic additive on enantioseparation with Chirobiotic T stationary phase are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syame Khater
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR 7311, B.P. 6759, rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline West
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR 7311, B.P. 6759, rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans cedex 2, France.
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11
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Sun P, Wang C, Breitbach ZS, Zhang Y, Armstrong DW. Development of new HPLC chiral stationary phases based on native and derivatized cyclofructans. Anal Chem 2010; 81:10215-26. [PMID: 20000643 DOI: 10.1021/ac902257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unusual class of chiral selectors, cyclofructans, is introduced for the first time as bonded chiral stationary phases. Compared to native cyclofructans (CFs), which have rather limited capabilities as chiral selectors, aliphatic- and aromatic-functionalized CF6s possess unique and very different enantiomeric selectivities. Indeed, they are shown to separate a very broad range of racemic compounds. In particular, aliphatic-derivatized CF6s with a low substitution degree baseline separate all tested chiral primary amines. It appears that partial derivatization on the CF6 molecule disrupts the molecular internal hydrogen bonding, thereby making the core of the molecule more accessible. In contrast, highly aromatic-functionalized CF6 stationary phases lose most of the enantioselective capabilities toward primary amines, however they gain broad selectivity for most other types of analytes. This class of stationary phases also demonstrates high "loadability" and therefore has great potential for preparative separations. The variations in enantiomeric selectivity often can be correlated with distinct structural features of the selector. The separations occur predominantly in the presence of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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12
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Lämmerhofer M. Chiral recognition by enantioselective liquid chromatography: mechanisms and modern chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:814-56. [PMID: 19906381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the state-of-the-art in LC enantiomer separation is presented. This tutorial review is mainly focused on mechanisms of chiral recognition and enantiomer distinction of popular chiral selectors and corresponding chiral stationary phases including discussions of thermodynamics, additivity principle of binding increments, site-selective thermodynamics, extrathermodynamic approaches, methods employed for the investigation of dominating intermolecular interactions and complex structures such as spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR), X-ray diffraction and computational methods. Modern chiral stationary phases are discussed with particular focus on those that are commercially available and broadly used. It is attempted to provide the reader with vivid images of molecular recognition mechanisms of selected chiral selector-selectand pairs on basis of solid-state X-ray crystal structures and simulated computer models, respectively. Such snapshot images illustrated in this communication unfortunately cannot account for the molecular dynamics of the real world, but are supposed to be helpful for the understanding. The exploding number of papers about applications of various chiral stationary phases in numerous fields of enantiomer separations is not covered systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lämmerhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Cavazzini A, Pasti L, Dondi F, Finessi M, Costa V, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Bedani F. Binding of Dipeptides and Amino Acids to Teicoplanin Chiral Stationary Phase: Apparent Homogeneity of Some Heterogeneous Systems. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6735-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Finessi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Bedani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy, Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, Polymer-Analysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Ilisz I, Berkecz R, Péter A. Retention mechanism of high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation on macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1845-60. [PMID: 18762302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods for the separation of enantiomers has attracted great interest in the past 20 years, since it became evident that the potential biological or pharmacological applications are mostly restricted to one of the enantiomers. In the past decade, macrocyclic antibiotics have proved to be an exceptionally useful class of chiral selectors for the separation of enantiomers of biological and pharmacological importance by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The glycopeptides avoparcin, teicoplanin, ristocetin A and vancomycin have been extensively used as chiral selectors in the form of chiral bonded phases in HPLC, and HPLC stationary phases based on these glycopeptides have been commercialized. In fact, the macrocyclic glycopeptides are to some extent complementary to one another: where partial enantioresolution is obtained with one glycopeptide, there is a high probability that baseline or better separation can be obtained with another. This review sets out to characterize the physicochemical properties of these macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics and, through their application, endeavors to demonstrate the mechanism of separation on macrocyclic glycopeptides. The sequence of elution of the stereoisomers and the relation to the absolute configuration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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