Analysis of sample of highly water-soluble Th-symmetric fullerenehexamalonic acid C66(COOH)12 by ion-chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Water-structuring molecules and nanomaterials enhance radiofrequency heating in biologically relevant solutions

For potential applications in nano-mediated radiofrequency cancer hyperthermia, the nanomaterial under investigation must increase the heating of any aqueous solution in which it is suspended when exposed to radiofrequency electric fields. This should also be true for a broad range of solution conductivities, especially those that artificially mimic the ionic environment of biological systems. Herein we demonstrate enhanced heating of biologically relevant aqueous solutions using kosmotropes and a hexamalonoserinolamide fullerene.

Fullerene-ionic-liquid conjugates: a new class of hybrid materials with unprecedented properties

A modular approach has been followed for the synthesis of a series of fullerene-ionic-liquid (IL) hybrids in which the number of IL moieties (two or twelve), anion, and cation have been varied. The combination of C60 and IL give rise to new unique properties in the conjugates such as solubility in water, which was higher than 800 mg mL(-1) in several cases. In addition, one of the C60 -IL hybrids has been employed for the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles through ion exchange followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. Surprisingly, during the reduction several carbon nanostructures were formed that comprised nano-onions and nanocages with few-layer graphene sidewalls, which have been characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Finally, the material thus obtained was successfully applied as catalyst in Suzuki and Mizoroki-Heck reactions in a concentration of just 0.2 mol %. In the former process it was recyclable for five runs with no loss in activity.

Electric transport and ion binding in solutions of fullerenehexamalonic acid Th-C66(COOH)12 and its alkali and calcium salts

The transport numbers of the macroion constituent in aqueous solutions of fullerenehexamalonic acid, C66(COOH)12, and its lithium, sodium, cesium, and calcium salts were determined by the indirect moving boundary method. By combining the transport data with the literature data for the electrical conductivity of the same solutions, the fraction of bound counterions to the fullerenehexamalonate macroion was calculated. It was found that about 20-40% of counterions are associated with the macroion in the concentration range from about 0.1 to 0.002 mol COO-/L. Consequently, under the influence of a potential field, these counterions move toward the anode as an integral part of the migrating macroion in opposition to the electrical field. Therefore, the absolute values of the macroion constituent transport numbers are relatively high. The experimental values of the fractions of bound counterions were compared with the theoretical predictions based on the solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the spherical cell model, and a reasonable agreement was obtained.