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Gökaltun A, Tuncel A. Post-polymerization modification of a new reactive monolith for reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography of neutral, polar, and biologically active compounds. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Hacettepe University; Chemical Engineering Department; Ankara 06532 Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Hacettepe University; Chemical Engineering Department; Ankara 06532 Turkey
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2
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Poly (methacrylic acid-co-diethenyl-benzene) monolithic microextraction column and its application to simultaneous enrichment and analysis of mycotoxins. Talanta 2018; 178:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Lyu H, Zhao H, Qin W, Xie Z. Preparation of a long-alkyl-chain-based hybrid monolithic column with mixed-mode interactions using a "one-pot" process for pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4521-4529. [PMID: 28985036 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple "one-pot" approach for the preparation of a new vinyl-functionalized organic-inorganic hybrid monolithic column is described. In this improved method, the hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes of tetramethoxysilane and triethoxyvinylsilane were used as precursors for the synthesis of a silica-based monolith, while 1-hexadecene and sodium ethylenesulfonate were used as vinyl functional monomers along with azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, urea content, and composition of organic monomers on the column properties (e.g. morphology, mechanical stability, and chromatographic performance) were investigated. The monolithic column was used for the separation of neutral solutes by reversed-phase pressurized capillary. Furthermore, the monolith can separate various aromatic amines, which indicated its excellent cation-exchange capability and hydrophobic interactions. The baseline separation of the aromatic amines was obtained with a column efficiency of up to 78 000 plates/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Lyu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heqing Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Qin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Detection of trans-fatty acids by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with in-tube solid-phase microextraction using hydrophobic polymeric monolith. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:214-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Kip Ç, Tuncel A. New vinylester-based monoliths as a new stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:945-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Kip
- Hacettepe University; Chemical Engineering Department; Beytepe/Ankara Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Hacettepe University; Chemical Engineering Department; Beytepe/Ankara Turkey
- Hacettepe University; Division of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine; Beytepe/Ankara Turkey
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6
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Lu L, Chen Y, Yu X, Wu X, Tang F, Wu X. Pressurized CEC with amperometric detection using mixed-mode monolithic column for rapid analysis of chlorophenols and phenol. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2049-57. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Horiguchi D, Ohyama K, Masunaga T, Fujita Y, Ali MFB, Kishikawa N, Kuroda N. Characterization and comparison of methacrylic acid with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid in the preparation of monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:425-9. [PMID: 23042836 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Butyl methacrylate (BMA)-ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA)-methacrylic acid (MAA) and BMA-EDMA-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monolithic columns were prepared by varying the percentage of ionic monomers for capillary electrochromatography. Monolithic columns with a higher content of ionic monomers provided better column efficiency, and the performance of BMA-EDMA-MAA monoliths was better than BMA-EDMA-AMPS. To characterize and optimize BMA-EDMA-MAA monoliths, the effects of the content of cross-linker and the total monomer in the polymerization mixture on column performance were also studied. Plate heights of 8.2 µm for the unretained solute (thiourea) and 12.6 µm for the retained solute (naphthalene) were achieved with a monolithic column using 2.5% MAA (Column I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Horiguchi
- Department of Environmental and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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8
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Aydoğan C, Tuncel A, Denizli A. Polymethacrylate-based monolithic capillary column with weak cation exchange functionalities for capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1010-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
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9
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Wang T, Ma J, Wu S, Yuan H, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhang Y. Integrated platform of capillary isoelectric focusing, trypsin immobilized enzyme microreactor and nanoreversed-phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for online protein profiling. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2848-56. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Jemale AS, Jaafar J, Watanabe Y, Ikegami T, Tanaka N. MIXED-MODE MONOLITHIC SILICA AS A CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION MEDIUM. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.556969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alia Sofie Jemale
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jafariah Jaafar
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yuta Watanabe
- b Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikegami
- b Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- b Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Japan
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Karenga S, El Rassi Z. Trends in nonpolar polymer-based monolithic columns for reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:90-104. [PMID: 21171116 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review article is concerned with describing the various strategies that have been introduced for the preparation of nonpolar polymer-based monolithic columns for RP-CEC. First, the various traditional ways of generating the EOF that involved the introduction of fixed charges on the surface of the monoliths are reviewed. This is followed by a description of the development of neutral monoliths as the most promising monoliths for the separation of a wide range of neutral and charged species at a relatively moderate to strong EOF in the absence of electrostatic attraction or repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Karenga
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Škeříková V, Jandera P. Effects of the operation parameters on Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography separation of phenolic acids on zwitterionic monolithic capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7981-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Wu Y, Lin J, Wu Q, Wu X, Lin X, Xie Z. Rapid analysis of trace levels of flavins by pressurized capillary electrochromatography-laser induced fluorescence detection with sulfonated N-octadecyl methacrylate monolith. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Preparation of monolithic polylaurylmethacrylate column and its application in capillary electrochromatographic separation of myoglobin digests. Se Pu 2010; 28:236-9. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Wu W, Wu Y, Zheng M, Yang L, Wu X, Lin X, Xie Z. Pressurized capillary electrochromatography with indirect amperometric detection for analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues. Analyst 2010; 135:2150-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Lin X, Xie Z. Preparation and evaluation of a sulfoalkylbetaine-based zwitterionic monolithic column for CEC of polar analytes. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2702-10. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Lin X, Zeng W, Wang X, Xie Z. Glycin-bonded silica monolithic column as zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2767-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Urban J, Škeříková V, Jandera P, Kubíčková R, Pospíšilová M. Preparation and characterization of polymethacrylate monolithic capillary columns with dual hydrophilic interaction reversed-phase retention mechanism for polar compounds. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2530-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Preparation and evaluation of a neutral methacrylate-based monolithic column for hydrophilic interaction stationary phase by pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4611-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Tanret I, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Pressure-assisted CEC versus CEC using methacrylate-based monolithic columns: influence of the polymerization-mixture composition. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4463-74. [PMID: 19035401 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-assisted CEC (pCEC) can either be performed on a CE instrument by adding pressure at the column inlet, or by applying voltage on a capillary liquid chromatography system. This study investigates the pressure's added value in pCEC using an LC instrument as well as the influence of the polymerization-mixture composition on monolithic columns in such experimental circumstances. Two factors of the polymerization mixture, which is used to prepare the monolithic capillary columns, were varied according to an experimental design approach: the pore-forming solvent/total monomer ratio and the pore-forming solvents composition. Initially, the effect of the resulting stationary phase on the elution behavior of mainly pharmaceutical compounds was studied. Four responses were used to evaluate the effects on the chromatography: retention time, retention factor, peak asymmetry and number of theoretical plates. After processing the results, the stationary phase composition with the best chromatographic behavior was determined and tested. The advantageous properties of this stationary phase compared with the design center-point column were demonstrated. Secondly, the results of these pCEC experiments were compared with those generated in an identical experimental setup previously performed using CEC. Chromatographic conditions were chosen so that the center-point column showed similar retention in CEC and pCEC. The expected advantage (faster analysis) and drawback (decreased efficiency) of pCEC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals was evaluated. Analysis time and efficiency were both found to depend greatly on the porosity of the column. The conclusion of this comparison is that pCEC did not have a significant added value to CEC. However, this was mainly due to the instrument's limitation of the pressure-driven flow over the column. A clear benefit of the pCEC setup was apparatus-related, i.e. the presence of a loop injection system on the pCEC instrument, which avoids the injection problems that were occasionally observed in CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiana Tanret
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
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Huang G, Lian Q, Zeng W, Xie Z. Preparation and evaluation of a lysine-bonded silica monolith as polar stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction pressurized capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3896-904. [PMID: 18850658 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A silica-based monolith as polar stationary phase was described for hydrophilic interaction pressurized capillary electrochromatography (HI-pCEC). The polar monolithic column was prepared by on-column reaction of lysine with epoxy groups on a gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethosysilane-modified silica monolith. The stationary phase yielded strong hydrophilic interaction due to the slightly polar hydroxyl groups, and the strong polar lysine ligand with amino groups and carboxylic groups contained on the surface of the monolith. In order to evaluate the hydrophilic character of lysine ligand, the chromatographic behaviors of epoxy monolith (before lysine bonded) and diol monolith (hydroxyl groups contained) were also investigated. Two groups of comparative experiment were developed in terms of the separation of typical neutral non-polar and polar compounds performed in a mobile phase of aqueous-acetonitrile solution. Results showed that the lysine monolith was much more hydrophilic than the diol monolith, which presented less hydrophobic than the epoxy monolith. For further study on its hydrophilic character, the lysine monolith was demonstrated in the HI-pCEC mode for the separations of various polar compounds such as phenols, nucleic acid bases and nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Huang G, Zeng W, Lian Q, Xie Z. Pressurized CEC of neutral and charged solutes using silica monolithic stationary phases functionalized with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl ligands. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2244-51. [PMID: 18563758 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel silica monolithic stationary phase functionalized with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl ligands for pressurized CEC has been presented. The monolithic capillary columns were prepared by a sol-gel process in 75 microm id fused-silica capillaries and followed by a chemical modification. The diamino groups on the surface of the stationary phase are meant to generate the chromatographic surface and a substantial anodic EOF as well as to provide electrostatic interaction sites for charged solutes. The electrochromatographic characterization and column performance were evaluated by a variety of neutral and charged solutes. It was observed that the anodic EOF for the diamine-bonded monolith was greatly affected by the reaction time with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane and the PEG amount in the sol-gel reaction mixture in addition to the mobile phase conditions. The monolithic stationary phase exhibited hydrophilic interaction chromatographic behavior toward neutral solutes. Good separations of various solutes including phenols, nucleic acid bases, nucleosides and nucleotides were achieved under different experimental conditions. Fast and efficient separations were obtained with high plate counts reaching more than 130,000 plates/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang X, Lü H, Lin X, Xie Z. Electrochromatographic characterization of methacrylate-based monolith with mixed mode of hydrophilic and weak electrostatic interactions by pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lin Z, Wu X, Lin X, Xie Z. End-column chemiluminescence detection for pressurized capillary electrochromatographic analysis of norepinephrine and epinephrine. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1170:118-21. [PMID: 17905257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 09/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and convenient end-column chemiluminescence (CL) detection coupled to pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) was described. Luminol and N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) were adopted as mode compounds to evaluate the feasibility of end-column reactor. Detailed analysis of ABEI revealed that the high sensitivity could be obtained with the reactor. Furthermore, determination of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP), which were labeled with ABEI, was accomplished by using the end-column pCEC-CL detection based on ABEI-potassium ferricyanide-alkaline medium CL reaction system. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit (S/N=3) of NE and EP was 0.08 microM and 0.06 microM, respectively. The proposed method has also been successfully applied to the analysis of adrenaline hydrochloride injection sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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