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He L, Zeng C, Wei L, Xu L, Song F, Huang J, Zhong N. Fabrication of immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Food Chem 2023; 408:135236. [PMID: 36549162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to fabricate immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) through acidolysis of glycerol tripalmitate (PPP). Twelve (three types) supports and five lipases were studied carefully. Among them, the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) samples exhibited overall better performance than that of other immobilized lipases. Particularly, organic groups functionalized SBA-15 (R-SBA-15) supported TLL (TLL@R-SBA-15) samples gave PPP conversion from 97.70 to 99.00 % and OPO content from 59.52 to 64.73 %. After optimization, PPP conversion up to 99.07 %, OPO content 73.15 % and sn-2 palmitic acid content 90.09 % were obtained with TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 as catalyst. Moreover, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 exhibited better acidolysis performance from 50 °C than that from 60 to 80 °C, which helped inhibit acyl migration. In addition, after 5 cycles of reuse, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 retained 81.04 % (based on OPO content) and 98.88 % (based on sn-2 palmitic acid content) of its initial activity, indicating it had an attractive prospect in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Can Zeng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Lingfeng Wei
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Fenglin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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Wei H, Yang D, Mao J, Zhang Q, Cheng L, Yang X, Li P. Accurate quantification of TAGs to identify adulteration of edible oils by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112544. [PMID: 36869531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Edible oils play important roles in biological functions, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in edible oils are complex mixtures. This makes accurate TAGs quantitation quite difficult that bring economically motivated food adulteration. Herein, we demonstrated a strategy for accurate quantification of TAGs in edible oils, which could be applied in identification of olive oil adulteration. The results showed that the proposed strategy could significantly improve the accuracy of TAG content determination, reduce the relative error of fatty acids (FAs) content determination, and present a wider accurate quantitative range than that of gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Most important, this strategy coupled with principal component analysis could be used to identify adulteration of high-priced olive oil with cheaper soybean oils, rapeseed oils or camellia oils at a lower concentration of 2%. These findings indicated that the proposed strategy could be regarded as a potential method for edible oils quality and authenticity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglong Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Gros Q, Wolniaczyk M, Duval J, West C, Horie S, Toyota Y, Funada Y, Lesellier E. Comparison of the triglyceride composition of vegetable samples with ultra-high efficiency / low-pressure supercritical fluid chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Zheng W, Zhou M, Chai RP, Liang HZ, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zheng XH, Jin Y, Guo BL, Ma BP. Quality analysis of hawthorn leaves (the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N.E.Br) in different harvest time. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1147-1155. [PMID: 35908761 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Harvest time plays an important role on the quality of medicinal plants. The leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N.E.Br (hawthorn leaves) could be harvested in summer and autumn according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Pharmacopoeia). However, little is known about the difference of the chemical constituents in hawthorn leaves with the harvest seasonal variations. OBJECTIVE The chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves in different months were comprehensively analysed to determine the best harvest time. METHODS Initially, the chemical information of the hawthorn leaves were obtained by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to compare the chemical compositions of hawthorn leaves harvested in different months. Then, an absolute quantitation method was established using high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) to determine the contents of five compounds and clarify the changes of these components with the harvest seasonal variations. Meanwhile, a semi-quantitative method by integrating HPLC-CAD with inverse gradient compensation was also established and verified. RESULTS Fifty-eight compounds were identified through UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. PCA revealed that the harvest season of hawthorn leaves had a significant effect on the chemical compositions. The contents of five components were relatively high in autumn. Other four main components without reference standards were further analysed through the semi-quantitative method, which also showed a high content in autumn. CONCLUSIONS This work emphasised the effect of harvest time on the chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves and autumn is recommended to ensure the quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Determination of Glycerophospholipids in Biological Material Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detector HPLC-CAD-A New Approach for Isolation and Quantification. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103356. [PMID: 35630833 PMCID: PMC9146369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The method of using high-performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector method (HPLC-CAD) was developed for the separation and determination of phospholipids isolated from cell membranes. The established cell lines—normal and neoplastic prostate cells and normal skin fibroblasts and melanoma cells—were selected for the study. Chromatographic separation was performed in the diol stationary phase using a gradient elution based on a mixture of n-hexane, isopropanol and water with the addition of triethylamine and acetic acid as buffer additives. Taking the elements of the Folch and Bligh–Dyer methods, an improved procedure for lipid isolation from biological material was devised. Ultrasound-assisted extraction included three extraction steps and changed the composition of the extraction solvent, which led to higher recovery of the tested phospholipids. This method was validated by assessing the analytical range, precision, intermediate precision and accuracy. The analytical range was adjusted to the expected concentrations in cell extracts of various origins (from 40 µg/mL for PS up to 10 mg/mL for PC). Both precision and intermediate precision were at a similar level and ranged from 3.5% to 9.0%. The recovery for all determined phospholipids was found to be between 95% and 110%. The robustness of the method in terms of the use of equivalent columns was also confirmed. Due to the curvilinear response of CAD, the quantification was based on an internal standard method combined with a power function transformation of the normalized peak areas, allowing the linearization of the signal with an R2 greater than 0.996. The developed method was applied for the isolation and determination of glycerophospholipids from cell membranes, showing that the profile of the tested substances was characteristic of various types of cells. This method can be used to assess changes in metabolism between normal cells and neoplastic cells or cells with certain pathologies or genetic changes.
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Regio- and Stereospecific Analysis of Triacylglycerols—A Brief Overview of the Challenges and the Achievements. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efforts to reveal, in detail, the molecular and intramolecular structures of one of the main lipid classes, namely, triacyl-sn-glycerols, which are now known to affect their specific and important role in all living organisms, are briefly overviewed. Some milestones of significance in the gradual but continuous development and improvement of the analytical methodology to identify the triacylglycerol regio- and stereoisomers in complex lipid samples are traced throughout the years: the use of chromatography based on different separation principles; the improvements in the chromatographic technique; the development and use of different detection techniques; the attempts to simplify and automatize the analysis without losing the accuracy of identification. The spectacular recent achievements of two- and multidimensional methods used as tools in lipidomics are presented.
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Wang Y, Hao Z, Pan L. HRMS Detector for the New HILIC CBD Method Development in Hemp Seed Oil. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1919-1927. [PMID: 33225692 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cannabis analysis has gained new importance worldwide due to the rapid expansion of the hemp global market. Many reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed to analyze cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogues due to the nice fit with their log P values at around 6. However, when CBD was blended with hemp seed oil in consumer, cosmetic, and food industries, the high content of triacylglycerides (TAGs) from hemp seed oil were retained and accumulated inside C18 columns with the common mobile phases and caused a column pressure increase and ghost peaks after continuous sample injections. Coupled with the chemical profile from high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) detection, a novel hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) CBD quantitation method was developed, specifically for CBD blended hemp seed oil materials, which can overcome the matrix buildup in reverse phase columns. The zwitterionic (ZIC)-cHILIC column containing a dense water layer on the stationary phase surface provided a stable partitioning separation mechanism to separate the CBD from TAGs in hemp seed oil. This water layer favors the sustaining NH4F buffer ions, which can maximize the salting-out action and help reduce the adsorptive interaction between TAGs and stationary phase sulfobetaine materials. The high percentage of acetonitrile (99%) contributed to method sensitivity and reduced instrument maintenance time. The method was developed and validated for the first time. It has been successfully applied to quantify CBD content in hemp seed oil samples, thus demonstrating it to be a useful tool for both quality control and safety assurance in CBD hemp seed oil raw materials and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Global Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
| | - Zhigang Hao
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Global Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
| | - Long Pan
- Cross Category Research and Innovation Department, Global Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, United States
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Investigations of polymer samples of polyamide 11 concerning the content of monomer, oligomers, and the oxidation stabilizer Irganox 1098 by utilizing inverse gradient HPLC in combination with a triple detection system (diode array detection/mass spectrometry/charged aerosol detection). TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Causevic A, Olofsson K, Adlercreutz P, Grey C. Non-aqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection for quantitative lipid analysis with improved accuracy. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462374. [PMID: 34246965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for efficient analysis of the composition of vegetable oils and fats, since it affects the physical and technical properties. However, due to the complex nature of these kind of samples, it is often difficult and costly. In the present study, we developed a Non-Aqueous Reversed-Phase HPLC method that can be used to separate and quantify different free fatty acids, fatty acid esters, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides, including regioisomers such as SOS/SSO and 1,2- and 1,3-diolein. Two 25 cm Nucleodur C18 Isis columns in series, sub-ambient column temperature and a mobile phase gradient composed of acetonitrile, acetic acid, isopropanol and heptane were used for the separation. The lipids were detected and quantified using a charged aerosol detector and it was found that the peak shape highly affected the detector response as well as the response uniformity, even when inverse gradient compensation was employed. Thus, calibration and determination of response factors were necessary for reliable quantification. A correlation between response factors and peak width at half peak height was found and used for quantification of non-calibrated components. A quantification approach was suggested including an appropriate selection of calibrated components, depending on sample composition and the accuracy required. It was shown in a complex oil sample that the reduced calibration approach, using only 6 instead of 33 calibrated components, resulted in virtually the same composition, but yielded a more accurate result compared to using relative area that neglects response factors. The method validation showed good reproducibility and accuracy, making it an excellent tool for extensive analysis of complex lipid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Causevic
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; AAK AB, Skrivaregatan 9, 215 32 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Analysis of mono-, di-, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids in food emulsifiers by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMono- and diacylglycerols (MG/DG) of fatty acids (FA), known as emulsifiers of the type E 471, are food additives used to adjust techno-functional properties of various foodstuffs. These emulsifiers, however, are not defined single compounds but comprise, in addition to MG and DG, other constituents such as FA, triacylglycerols (TG), and glycerol. Although the emulsifiers’ compositions affect techno-functional properties of the food, knowledge of the composition is scarcely available, and the emulsifiers and their dosage are generally chosen empirically. Thus, a simple and rather inexpensive method for the simultaneous determination of FA, 1-MG, 2-MG, 1,2-DG, 1,3-DG, and TG by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry including a straightforward quantitation strategy has been developed. Reversed-phase chromatography with gradient elution offered adequate separation of 29 considered analytes within 21 peaks, while mass-selective detection provided their unequivocal identification. The quantitation strategy based on calibration just with the C16:0 representatives of each lipid class and a corresponding response factor system has proven to provide reliable results. The determined concentrations of different mixtures comprising varying compositions and concentrations of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 components of each lipid class deviated < 20% (n = 351) from the respective target concentrations. Limits of decision were determined to 0.3–0.8 mg/L and limits of quantitation to 0.8–1.7 mg/L, expressed as C16:0 representatives. Application of the method to various E 471 emulsifiers provided detailed data on their chemical compositions, and calculated FA compositions matched very well those determined by common methods such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
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Wong Y, Or M, Lau H, Wong S, Fung W. Analysis of underivatized alditols in traditional Chinese medicines by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based on ligand exchange chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu‐Tung Wong
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Mei‐Sze Or
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Hoi‐Ho Lau
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Sau‐Chun Wong
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Hong Fung
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
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Gradient supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a gradient flow of make-up solvent for enantioseparation of cathinones. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Li WJ, Liu X, Wang JZ, Wu JX, Sheng S, Wu FA, Wang J. Synthesis and characterization of structural lipids with a balanced ratio of n-6/n-3 from mulberry seed oil and α-linolenic acid using a microfluidic enzyme reactor. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Green HS, Li X, De Pra M, Lovejoy KS, Steiner F, Acworth IN, Wang SC. A rapid method for the detection of extra virgin olive oil adulteration using UHPLC-CAD profiling of triacylglycerols and PCA. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Bikrani S, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, Nechar M, Bagur-González MG, Souhail B, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Authentication of the Geographical Origin of Margarines and Fat-Spread Products from Liquid Chromatographic UV-Absorption Fingerprints and Chemometrics. Foods 2019; 8:E588. [PMID: 31752349 PMCID: PMC6915439 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-spread products are a stabilized emulsion of water and vegetable oils. The whole fat content can vary from 10 to 90% (w/w). There are different kinds, which are differently named, and their composition depends on the country in which they are produced or marketed. Thus, having analytical solutions to determine geographical origin is required. In this study, some multivariate classification methods are developed and optimised to differentiate fat-spread-related products from different geographical origins (Spain and Morocco), using as an analytical informative signal the instrumental fingerprints, acquired by liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) in both normal and reverse phase modes. No sample treatment was applied, and, prior to chromatographic analysis, only the samples were dissolved in n‑hexane. Soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used as classification methods. In addition, several classification strategies were applied, and performance of the classifications was evaluated applying proper classification metrics. Finally, 100% of samples were correctly classified applying PLS-DA with data collected in reverse phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Bikrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Av. Sebta, Mhannech II, 93002 Tetouan, Morocco; (S.B.); (M.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Ana M. Jiménez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva, s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.G.B.-G.); (L.C.-R.)
| | - Mounir Nechar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Av. Sebta, Mhannech II, 93002 Tetouan, Morocco; (S.B.); (M.N.); (B.S.)
| | - M. Gracia Bagur-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva, s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.G.B.-G.); (L.C.-R.)
| | - Badredine Souhail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Av. Sebta, Mhannech II, 93002 Tetouan, Morocco; (S.B.); (M.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva, s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.G.B.-G.); (L.C.-R.)
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Martín-Torres S, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, González-Casado A, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Differentiation of avocados according to their botanical variety using liquid chromatographic fingerprinting and multivariate classification tree. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4932-4941. [PMID: 30953356 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oil content, composition and marketing threshold value of an avocado depends on the cultivar hence, identifying the cultivar of the avocado fruit is desirable. However, analytical methods have not been reported with this aim. RESULTS A multivariate classification tree method was proposed to discriminate three commercial botanical varieties of avocado: Hass, Fuerte and Bacon, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD). Prior to the chromatographic analysis the avocados were lyophilized and then the oil fraction was extracted using a pressurized liquid extraction system. Normal and reverse phase liquid chromatography were applied in order to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint for each sample. Soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied. Classification quality metrics were determined to evaluate the performance of the classification. Several strategies to develop the classification models were employed. Finally, the useful application of 'classification trees' methodology, which has been scarcely applied in the field of analytical food control, was evaluated to perform a multiclass classification. CONCLUSION Discrimination of the three botanical varieties was achieved. The best classification was obtained when the PLS-DA is applied on the normal-phase chromatographic fingerprints. Classification trees are showed to be useful tools that provide complementary information to single concatenated models showing different results from the same prediction sample set. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Kim HS, Moon BC, Yang S, Song JH, Mi Chun J, Kwon BI, Lee AY. Determination of fatty acids in the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, and Draba nemorosa L. by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a charged aerosol detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1571509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-In Kwon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Korea
| | - A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
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Yuan T, Qi C, Dai X, Xia Y, Sun C, Sun J, Yu R, Zhou Q, Jin Q, Wei W, Wang X. Triacylglycerol Composition of Breast Milk during Different Lactation Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2272-2278. [PMID: 30706708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of breast milk plays an important role in improving digestion, absorption, and metabolism when consumed by infants. This study characterized the TAG profile of human colostrum, transitional, and mature milk samples from 103 women. Significant differences in the TAGs composition of breast milk fat from three lactation stages were observed. The TAGs with high molecular weight and unsaturated fatty acid (such as 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) and 1(3)-olein-2-palmitin-3(1)-linolein (OPL)) were enriched in colostrum, while the TAGs containing medium-chain fatty acids were more abundant in transitional and mature milk than that in colostrum. Of note, OPL was the most common TAG in breast milk of Chinese women while the most common TAG in breast milk of Western women was OPO. This data will promote the development of infant formulas in terms of the TAG composition more suitable for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglan Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Ce Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Cong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology , Henan University of Technology , Lianhua Street 100 , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Newborn , Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi 214002 , P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Newborn , Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi 214002 , P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , P. R. China
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Khoury S, Canlet C, Lacroix MZ, Berdeaux O, Jouhet J, Bertrand-Michel J. Quantification of Lipids: Model, Reality, and Compromise. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E174. [PMID: 30558107 PMCID: PMC6316828 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are key molecules in various biological processes, thus their quantification is a crucial point in a lot of studies and should be taken into account in lipidomics development. This family is complex and presents a very large diversity of structures, so analyzing and quantifying all this diversity is a real challenge. In this review, the different techniques to analyze lipids will be presented: from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to mass spectrometry (with and without chromatography) including universal detectors. First of all, the state of the art of quantification, with the definitions of terms and protocol standardization, will be presented with quantitative lipidomics in mind, and then technical considerations and limitations of analytical chemistry's tools, such as NMR, mass spectrometry and universal detectors, will be discussed, particularly in terms of absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro Khoury
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon, France.
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, F-31027 Toulouse, France.
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, F-31027 Toulouse, France.
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon, France.
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, I2MC U1048, Inserm, 31432 Toulouse, France.
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Sun C, Wei W, Zou X, Huang J, Jin Q, Wang X. Evaluation of triacylglycerol composition in commercial infant formulas on the Chinese market: A comparative study based on fat source and stage. Food Chem 2018; 252:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Servent A, Boulanger R, Davrieux F, Pinot MN, Tardan E, Forestier-Chiron N, Hue C. Assessment of cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) butter content and composition throughout fermentations. Food Res Int 2018; 107:675-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pinto EC, Gonçalves MDS, Cabral LM, Armstrong DW, de Sousa VP. Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for topiramate using a mixed-mode column and charged aerosol detector. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1716-1725. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Mariana da Silva Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Rigano F, Oteri M, Russo M, Dugo P, Mondello L. Proposal of a Linear Retention Index System for Improving Identification Reliability of Triacylglycerol Profiles in Lipid Samples by Liquid Chromatography Methods. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3313-3320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rigano
- Chromaleont S.r.L., Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina−Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina−Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Chromaleont S.r.L., Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina−Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina−Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont S.r.L., Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina−Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina−Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (LC–CAD) for unified quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal blends and comparison with quantitative NMR results. Forensic Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-017-0392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Triacylglycerols in edible oils: Determination, characterization, quantitation, chemometric approach and evaluation of adulterations. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:1-16. [PMID: 28801042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are a dietary source of lipids that constitute an essential component of a healthy diet. The commonly used vegetable oils differ significantly for their triacylglycerol (TAG) profile. TAGs represent the principal components of oils and may contain different fatty acids (FA) esterified with glycerol leading to several positional isomers. To differentiate individual TAGs species in edible oils, advanced analysis systems and innovative methods are therefore required. TAGs can be considered as good fingerprints for quality control and many studies have been performed to develop rapid and low cost analytical methods to determinate the authenticity, origin and eventually evidence frauds or adulterations. The present manuscript provides a general overview on the most common vegetable oils TAGs compositions and on the related analytical methodologies recently used. Finally, the chemometric applications developed to assess the authenticity, quality and botanical origin of various edible oils are discussed.
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Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Fatty Acids in Seeds of Brucea Javanica (L.) Merr. from Different Sources and Simultaneous Analysis Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060931. [PMID: 28587214 PMCID: PMC6152649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research aimed to optimize the oil extraction process and determine the fatty acids in Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. seeds. The extraction technology was optimized using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was employed to investigate the effects of three independent variables on an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique, namely, sonication time (X1: 20–40 min), liquid–solid ratio (X2: 16:1 mL/g–24:1 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (X3: 90%–100%). The optimum conditions of sonication time, liquid–solid ratio, and ethanol concentration were 40 min, 24:1 mL/g, and 100%, respectively. The content of fatty acids and the oil yield were 14.64 mg/g and 16.87%, respectively, which match well with the predicted models. The optimum number of extraction times was eventually identified as two. A new rapid method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fatty acids of B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oil using HPLC with a charged aerosol detector was described. The fatty acid contents of 14 batches of B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oil were determined, and the relevance and difference were analyzed by fingerprint analysis. The fingerprint has five common peaks, and the similarity was greater than 0.991. HPLC analysis represents a specialized and rational approach for the quality identification and comprehensive evaluation of B. javanica (L.) Merr. seed oils.
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Loughrill E, Zand N. An investigation into the fatty acid content of selected fish-based commercial infant foods in the UK and the impact of commonly practiced re-heating treatments used by parents for the preparation of infant formula milks. Food Chem 2016; 197:783-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ouyang LF, Wang ZL, Dai JG, Chen L, Zhao YN. Determination of total ginsenosides in ginseng extracts using charged aerosol detection with post-column compensation of the gradient. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:857-68. [PMID: 25480518 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Variation in structure-related components in plant products prompted the trend to establish methods, using multiple or total analog analysis, for their effective quality control. However, the general use of routine quality control is restricted by the limited availability of reference substances. Using an easily available single marker as a reference standard to determine multiple or total analogs should be a practical option. METHOD In this study, the Ultra-HPLC method was used for the baseline separation of the main components in ginseng extracts. Using a plant chemical component database, ginsenosides in ginseng extracts were identified by Ultra-HPLC-MS analysis. The charged aerosol detection (CAD) system with post-column compensation of the gradient generates a similar response for identical amounts of different analytes, and thus, the content of each ginsenoside in ginseng extracts was determined by comparing the analyte peak area with the reference standard (determination of total analogs by single marker, DTSM). The total ginsenoside content was determined by the summation of reference standard and other ginsenoside components. RESULTS The results showed that DTSM approaches were available for the determination of total ginsenosides in a high purity ginseng extract because of the removal of impurities. In contrast, DTSM approaches might be suitable for determination of multiple ginsenosides without interference from impurities in the crude ginseng extract. CONCLUSION Future practical studies similar to the present study should be conducted to verify that DTSM approaches based on CAD with post-column inverse gradient for uniform response are ideal for the quality control of plant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Feng Ouyang
- Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhong-Li Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yu-Nan Zhao
- Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Tan T, Lai CJS, Zeng SL, Liu EH, Li P. Enzymatic hydrolysis-based absolute quantification of triacylglycerols in plant oil by use of a single marker. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4921-9. [PMID: 24912990 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Absolute quantification of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in plant oils is a challenge for analysts, because most of the necessary chemical standards are unavailable. In this study, a new method for absolute quantification analysis of multi-components by use of a single marker (AQAMS), using two crucial technologies, evaluation of the collection recovery without chemical standards and enzymatic hydrolysis, was used for determining the absolute content of TAGs in brucea javanica oil (BJO), using glycerol as the marker. The TAGs in BJO were initially characterized using ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem atmospheric-pressure-chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. Then the TAGs in BJO were individually collected, by target-fraction collection via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative-light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD), and their recoveries were calculated by use of a novel non-standard evaluated recovery strategy (NSER). The results revealed that the collection procedure was feasible and reliable. Finally, modified commercial TAG assay kits using glycerol as the marker were used to determine the absolute abundance of individual TAGs in the plant oils. Comparing the result with that obtained by HPLC-ELSD analysis using triolein standard, the content of triolein determined by AQAMS was closely matched. The proposed strategy is a practical measure for solving the problem of the lack of chemical standards, and provides a new method for absolute quantification in natural products of multi-components with the same backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
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31
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On-line hydrogenation of biodiesel—Toward a reference method for the determination of glycerides and total glycerol. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lesellier E, Latos A, de Oliveira AL. Ultra high efficiency/low pressure supercritical fluid chromatography with superficially porous particles for triglyceride separation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1327:141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ruiz-Samblás C, Arrebola-Pascual C, Tres A, van Ruth S, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Authentication of geographical origin of palm oil by chromatographic fingerprinting of triacylglycerols and partial least square-discriminant analysis. Talanta 2013; 116:788-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fox CB, Sivananthan SJ, Mikasa TJ, Lin S, Parker SC. Charged aerosol detection to characterize components of dispersed-phase formulations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 199-200:59-65. [PMID: 23855968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal formulations based on biocompatible phospholipids, emulsifiers, and oils are employed in a wide range of applications including medicine, food, and cosmetics. However, characterization of these dispersed-phase components may be difficult to analyze by traditional HPLC with UV, visible, or fluorescence detection modalities due to lack of chromophores or fluorophores. Charged aerosol detection (CAD) is increasingly used for analysis of dispersed-phase components due to its broad applicability and high sensitivity for non-chromophore containing components found in many colloidal systems, such as lipid-based molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent applications of CAD reported in the literature as well as our own laboratory for the analysis of widely used components of dispersed-phase systems. In particular, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of CAD compared to other HPLC detection methods, as well as the various sample preparation methods suitable for colloidal formulations prior to HPLC-CAD analysis.
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Lie A, Pedersen LH. Elution strategies for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of sucrose alkanoate regioisomers with charged aerosol detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1311:127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Core shell stationary phases for a novel separation of triglycerides in plant oils by high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:114-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ligor M, Studzińska S, Horna A, Buszewski B. Corona-Charged Aerosol Detection: An Analytical Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.746134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang R, Wang X, Paulino J, Alquier L. Evaluation of charged aerosol detector for purity assessment of protein. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1283:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lísa M, Holčapek M. Characterization of triacylglycerol enantiomers using chiral HPLC/APCI-MS and synthesis of enantiomeric triacylglycerols. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1852-9. [PMID: 23298510 DOI: 10.1021/ac303237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the first systematic characterization of triacylglycerol (TG) enantiomers in real samples using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) is performed. Our chiral HPLC/APCI-MS method is based on the use of two cellulose-tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) columns connected in series using a gradient of hexane-2-propanol mobile phase. All TG enantiomers containing 1-8 DBs and different fatty acyl chain lengths are separated using our chiral HPLC method except for TGs having a combination of saturated and di- or triunsaturated fatty acyls in sn-1 and sn-3 positions. In our work, the randomization reaction of monoacyl TG standards is used for the preparation of all TG enantiomers and regioisomers in a mixture, while the stereospecific esterification of 1,2- or 2,3-isopropylidene-sn-glycerols by selected fatty acids is used for the synthesis of TG enantiomers. The composition of TG enantiomers and regioisomers in hazelnut oil and human plasma samples is determined. Unsaturated fatty acids are preferentially esterified in sn-2 position in hazelnut oil, while no significant preference of saturated or unsaturated fatty acyls is observed in case of human plasma sample. Fatty acids with the higher number of DBs are preferred in sn-1 position of TG enantiomers in hazelnut oil unlike to moderate sn-3 preference in human plasma. The characterization of cholesteryl esters from TG fraction of human plasma sample using our chiral HPLC/APCI-MS method is presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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New Developments in Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Micropollutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/748989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) in the environmental field has appeared as a valuable tool for the determination of micropollutants. Several groups of compounds have been considered as particularly relevant (e.g., pharmaceuticals, hormones and other endocrine-disrupting, personal care products and their metabolites, flame retardants, surfactants, and plasticizers, among others) since the same ones are continuously being released in the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and the excreta. Because these micropollutants are not completely removed in the environment, very specific and sensitive analytical procedures are needed for their identification and quantification. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (or LC-MS2) and especially time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS), has allowed that many environmental contaminants that are highly polar or nonvolatile or have a high molecular weight to be analyzed or identified. In this work we present an overview focused on the developments of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of the main classes of micropollutants in aqueous and solid environmental samples. Various aspects of methodologies based on these techniques, including sample preparation (extraction/preconcentration) and matrix effects, are discussed.
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Verstraeten M, Broeckhoven K, Lynen F, Choikhet K, Landt K, Dittmann M, Witt K, Sandra P, Desmet G. Quantification aspects of constant pressure (ultra) high pressure liquid chromatography using mass-sensitive detectors with a nebulizing interface. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1274:118-28. [PMID: 23274072 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present contribution investigates the quantitation aspects of mass-sensitive detectors with nebulizing interface (ESI-MSD, ELSD, CAD) in the constant pressure gradient elution mode. In this operation mode, the pressure is controlled and maintained at a set value and the liquid flow rate will vary according to the inverse mobile phase viscosity. As the pressure is continuously kept at the allowable maximum during the entire gradient run, the average liquid flow rate is higher compared to that in the conventional constant flow rate operation mode, thus shortening the analysis time. The following three mass-sensitive detectors were investigated: mass spectrometry detector (MS), evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and charged aerosol detector (CAD) and a wide variety of samples (phenones, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, wine, cocoa butter) has been considered. It was found that the nebulizing efficiency of the LC-interfaces of the three detectors under consideration changes with the increasing liquid flow rate. For the MS, the increasing flow rate leads to a lower peak area whereas for the ELSD the peak area increases compared to the constant flow rate mode. The peak area obtained with a CAD is rather insensitive to the liquid flow rate. The reproducibility of the peak area remains similar in both modes, although variation in system permeability compromises the 'long-term' reproducibility. This problem can however be overcome by running a flow rate program with an optimized flow rate and composition profile obtained from the constant pressure mode. In this case, the quantification remains reproducibile, despite any occuring variations of the system permeability. Furthermore, the same fragmentation pattern (MS) has been found in the constant pressure mode compared to the customary constant flow rate mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verstraeten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Comprehensive impurity profiling of nutritional infusion solutions by multidimensional off-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography × hydrophilic interaction chromatography–ion trap mass-spectrometry and charged aerosol detection with universal calibration. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Charged aerosol detection in pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 69:50-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Recent developments in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grembecka M, Szefer P. Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine and Aspartame in Diet Supplements and Non-Alcoholic Beverages Using Liquid-Chromatography Coupled to Corona CAD and UV-DAD Detectors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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McNichol J, MacDougall KM, Melanson JE, McGinn PJ. Suitability of Soxhlet Extraction to Quantify Microalgal Fatty Acids as Determined by Comparison with In Situ Transesterification. Lipids 2011; 47:195-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lísa M, Netušilová K, Franěk L, Dvořáková H, Vrkoslav V, Holčapek M. Characterization of fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition in animal fats using silver-ion and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7499-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee WJ, Lee MH, Su NW. Characteristics of papaya seed oils obtained by extrusion-expelling processes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2348-2354. [PMID: 21590777 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, about 300 g kg(-1) of the weight of papaya fruits appears as waste materials during processing, including a considerable amount of papaya seeds. To make a more efficient use of papaya, it is worth investigating the utilization of the seeds. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the lipid characteristics of papaya seed oil obtained by expelling processes. RESULTS Papaya seed oil was found to have several unique characteristics, including its high oleic content, the relative ratio of saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids of 29/68/3, the polyunsaturated fatty acids merely accounting for 3.34% and its triacylglycerol composition being very similar to that of olive oil. Also, this oil was rich in chemopreventive benzyl isothiocyanate, the level ranging from 4.0 to 23.3 g kg(-1) dependent on the various processing methods for the pretreatment of papaya seeds. CONCLUSION On the basis of our results, papaya seed oil can be considered as a high-oleic oil with a chemoprotective effect, and may be viewed as a healthy alternative in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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de la Mata-Espinosa P, Bosque-Sendra J, Bro R, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Olive oil quantification of edible vegetable oil blends using triacylglycerols chromatographic fingerprints and chemometric tools. Talanta 2011; 85:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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