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Monolith/aminated graphene oxide composite-based electric field-assisted solid phase microextraction for efficient capture of phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462407. [PMID: 34315063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient capture of strongly polar, ionizable and trace phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides (PCAHs) from aqueous samples is essential and challenging for environmental monitoring. In the present work, electric field-assisted solid-phase microextraction (EFA-SPME) based on monolith/aminated graphene oxide composite was developed for the first time to efficiently extract trace PCAHs prior to HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) quantification. First, poly (1-allyl-3-methylimidazole difluoromethanesulfonylamide salt-co-divinylbenzene/ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith/aminated graphene oxide composite (MAC) was prepared on the surface of stainless steel wire and employed as the extraction phase of SPME. After that, the MAC-based fiber and a stainless steel wire were connected to a DC power supply that allowed the implement of variable electric fields during adsorption and desorption processes. Various key factors influencing the extraction performance were inspected in detailed. Results well evidenced that the exertion of electric fields improved the enrichment performance, accelerated the trap and release procedures. The proposed MAC/EFA-SPME-HPLC-MS/MS method achieved wide linear ranges (0.005-50.0 μg/L), low limits of detection (0.54-1.3 ng/L) and good precision (2.7-7.0%) for the quantification of PCAHs. The related extraction mechanism was deduced. Additional, the current approach was successfully applied to monitor studied PCAHs at trace contents in environment waters, and the accuracy was confirmed by confirmatory experiments.
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Mohamad Yusoff N‘AN, Rahim NY, Mohammad REA, Yahaya N, Miskam M. Deep eutectic solvent-based emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction for the analysis of phenoxy acid herbicides in paddy field water samples. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202061. [PMID: 34035939 PMCID: PMC8101278 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction (ELLME) method was successfully developed using phenolic-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) as an extraction solvent for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in environmental water samples. Five different phenolics-based DESs were successfully synthesized by using phenol (DES 1), 2-chlorophenol (DES 2), 3-chlorophenol (DES 3), 4-chlorophenol (DES 4) and 3,4-dichlorophenol (DES 6) as the hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) and choline chloride as the hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA). The DESs were mixed at 1 : 2 ratio. A homogeneous solution (clear solution) was observed upon the completion of successful synthesis. The synthesized DESs were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Under optimum ELLME conditions (50 µl of DES 2 as extraction solvent; 100 µl of THF as emulsifier solvent; pH 2; extraction time 5 min), enrichment factor obtained for dicamba and MCPA were 43.1 and 59.7, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification obtained for dicamba were 1.66 and 5.03 µg l-1, respectively, meanwhile for MCPA were 1.69 and 5.12 µg l-1, respectively. The developed ELLME-DES method was applied on paddy field water samples, with extraction recoveries in the range of 79-91% for dicamba and 82-96% for MCPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurul Yani Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mazidatulakmam Miskam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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3
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Dugheri S, Mucci N, Bonari A, Marrubini G, Cappelli G, Ubiali D, Campagna M, Montalti M, Arcangeli G. Liquid phase microextraction techniques combined with chromatography analysis: a review. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is the first and the most important step of an analytical procedure. In routine analysis, liquid–liquid microextraction (LLE) is the most widely used sample pre-treatment technique, whose goal is to isolate the target analytes, provide enrichment, with cleanup to lower the chemical noise, and enhance the signal. The use of extensive volumes of hazardous organic solvents and production of large amounts of waste make LLE procedures unsuitable for modern, highly automated laboratories, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly. In the past two decades, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) was introduced to overcome these drawbacks. Thanks to the need of only a few microliters of extraction solvent, LPME techniques have been widely adopted by the scientific community. The aim of this review is to report on the state-of-the-art LPME techniques used in gas and liquid chromatography. Attention was paid to the classification of the LPME operating modes, to the historical contextualization of LPME applications, and to the advantages of microextraction in methods respecting the value of green analytical chemistry. Technical aspects such as description of methodology selected in method development for routine use, specific variants of LPME developed for complex matrices, derivatization, and enrichment techniques are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dugheri
- 1 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonari
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cappelli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- 4 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manfredi Montalti
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Guo X, Li Y, Zhang B, Yang L, Di X, Di X. Development of dispersive solid phase extraction based on dissolvable Fe3O4-layered double hydroxide for high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guo T, Wang X, Wang H, Hu Y, Zhang S, Zhao R. Determination of Phenoxy Acid Herbicides in Cereals Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1160-1165. [PMID: 31233361 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Phenoxy acid herbicide residues were found in cereals. A QuEChERS HPLC-MS/MS method was used for analysis of these herbicide residues. This technique could be used effectively for monitoring the safety of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- 1 Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- 2 Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- 1 Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufen Hu
- 2 Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- 1 Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rusong Zhao
- 2 Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Highly porous nanostructured copper oxide foam fiber as a sorbent for head space solid-phase microextraction of BTEX from aqueous solutions. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Ghani M, Masoum S, Ghoreishi SM. Three-dimensional Pd/Pt bimetallic nanodendrites on a highly porous copper foam fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction of BTEX prior to their quantification by GC-FID. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:527. [PMID: 30377810 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of bimetallic Pd/Pt nanofoam for use in fiber based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is described. First, a highly porous copper foam was prepared on the surface of an unbreakable copper wire by an electrochemical method. Then, the substrate was covered with metallic Pd and Pt using galvanic replacement of the Cu nanofoam substrate by applying a mixture of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) ions. The procedure provided an efficient route to modify Pd/Pt nanofoams with large specific surface and low loading with expensive noble metals. The fiber was applied to headspace SPME of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) (as the model compounds) in various spiked water and wastewater samples. It was followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). A Plackett-Burman design was performed for screening the experimental factors prior to Box-Behnken design. Compared with the commercial PDMS SPME fiber (100 μm), it had higher extraction efficiency for BTEX. Under the optimum conditions, the method has low limits of detection (0.16-0.35 μg L-1), a wide linear range (1-200 μg L-1), relative standard deviations between 5.8 and 10.5%, and good recoveries (>85% from spiked samples). Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a three-dimensional Pd/Pt bimetallic nanodendrites supported on a highly porous copper foam fiber for use in headspace solid phase microextraction of BTEX. They were then quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ghani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 57416-13534, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saeed Masoum
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran
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Peng MM, Han YQ, Xia H, Hu XZ, Zhou YX, Peng LJ, Peng XT. Rapid and sensitive detection of the phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2221-2228. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Min Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Ya-Quan Han
- College of Marine Life Sciences; Ocean University of China; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xi-Zhou Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - You-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xi-Tian Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education; Wuhan P. R. China
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Allafchian AR, Farajmand B, Koupaei AJ. A Paper-Based Analytical Device Based on Combination of Thin Film Microextraction and Reflection Scanometry for Sensitive Colorimetric Determination of Ni(II) in Aqueous Matrix. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:529-535. [PMID: 29460145 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the thin film microextraction method was applied for the extraction of Ni(II) ion from aqueous matrixes. Chemically modified cellulosic filter paper with phosphorus was used as a thin film extractor. After extraction, the thin film was treated with a solution of dimethylglyoxime. The colored film was captured by flatbed scanner and the absorbance of the images was extracted by some suitable software. Under the optimum conditions and at the pH 7.0, with the sample volume of 100 mL, the stirring rate of 800 rpm, and the extraction time of 50 min, the calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.05-5 mg/L Ni(II) (R2 = 0.989). Limit and relative standard deviation were achieved to be 18 µg/L and less than 6.7%, respectively. Relative recoveries were obtained in the range of 87%-105%. Finally, the proposed method was found to be simple and cost-effective, with adequate analytical performance for the rapid detection of Ni(II) in river and wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Bahman Farajmand
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amin Javaheri Koupaei
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Vanegas SM, Meydani M, Barnett JB, Goldin B, Kane A, Rasmussen H, Brown C, Vangay P, Knights D, Jonnalagadda S, Koecher K, Karl JP, Thomas M, Dolnikowski G, Li L, Saltzman E, Wu D, Meydani SN. Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial has a modest effect on gut microbiota and immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:635-650. [PMID: 28179226 PMCID: PMC5320415 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.146928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies suggest an inverse association between whole-grain (WG) consumption and inflammation. However, evidence from interventional studies is limited, and few studies have included measurements of cell-mediated immunity.Objective: We assessed the effects of diets rich in WGs compared with refined grains (RGs) on immune and inflammatory responses, gut microbiota, and microbial products in healthy adults while maintaining subject body weights.Design: After a 2-wk provided-food run-in period of consuming a Western-style diet, 49 men and 32 postmenopausal women [age range: 40-65 y, body mass index (in kg/m2) <35] were assigned to consume 1 of 2 provided-food weight-maintenance diets for 6 wk.Results: Compared with the RG group, the WG group had increased plasma total alkyresorcinols (a measure of WG intake) (P < 0.0001), stool weight (P < 0.0001), stool frequency (P = 0.02), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer Lachnospira [false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P = 0.25] but decreased pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae (FDR-corrected P = 0.25). Changes in stool acetate (P = 0.02) and total SCFAs (P = 0.05) were higher in the WG group than in the RG group. A positive association was shown between Lachnospira and acetate (FDR-corrected P = 0.002) or butyrate (FDR-corrected P = 0.005). We also showed that there was a higher percentage of terminal effector memory T cells (P = 0.03) and LPS-stimulated ex vivo production of tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.04) in the WG group than in the RG group, which were positively associated with plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations.Conclusion: The short-term consumption of WGs in a weight-maintenance diet increases stool weight and frequency and has modest positive effects on gut microbiota, SCFAs, effector memory T cells, and the acute innate immune response and no effect on other markers of cell-mediated immunity or systemic and gut inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01902394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally M Vanegas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | | | - Barry Goldin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Anne Kane
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Carrie Brown
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | | | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | | | - Katie Koecher
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN
| | - J Philip Karl
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | - Michael Thomas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | | | - Lijun Li
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging,
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Teixeira Tarley CR, Segatelli MG, Casarin J, Justo da Fonseca R. New sorbents based on poly(methacrylic acid-TRIM) and poly(vinylimidazole-TRIM) for simultaneous preconcentration of herbicides in water samples with posterior determination by HPLC-DAD. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, poly(methacrylic acid-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) (PMA-TRIM) and poly(vinylimidazole-TRIM) (PV-TRIM) have been used for simultaneous extraction of tebuthiuron, hexazinone, diuron, and ametryn with posterior determination by HPLC-DAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Gava Segatelli
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Ciências Exatas
- Londrina
- Brazil
| | - Juliana Casarin
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Ciências Exatas
- Londrina
- Brazil
| | - Raquel Justo da Fonseca
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Ciências Exatas
- Londrina
- Brazil
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12
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Li N, Chen J, Shi YP. Magnetic polyethyleneimine functionalized reduced graphene oxide as a novel magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polar acidic herbicides in rice. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 949:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Saraji M, Ghani M, Rezaei B, Mokhtarianpour M. Highly porous nanostructured copper foam fiber impregnated with an organic solvent for headspace liquid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1469:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Bagheri H, Fakhari AR, Sahragard A. A novel strategy based on surfactant assisted electromembrane extraction for the determination of dicamba and 2,4-DB as model herbicides in real water samples. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23498k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic illustration of the surfactant assisted electromembrane-extraction (SEME) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Ali Sahragard
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Tehran
- I. R. Iran
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Saraji M, Ghani M. Hollow fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction followed by solid-phase microextraction and in situ derivatization for the determination of chlorophenols by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Tabani H, Khodaei K, Bide Y, Zare FD, Mirzaei S, Fakhari AR. Application of pH-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles microgel as a sorbent for the preconcentration of phenoxy acid herbicides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:21-9. [PMID: 26159254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introducing new sorbents is an interesting and debatable issue in the field of sample preparation. In this study, for the first time, a pH-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles microgel, Fe3O4-SiO2-oly(4-vinylpyridine), was introduced as a new sorbent. The operating mechanism of this sorbent is based on changing the pH value of the sample and consequently the structure of this pH-sensitive microgel is changed. So that, at pH 6.0 the microgel was ready to accept and load the analytes (partial swelling), and when the pH was increased to 8.0, the microgel was closed and analytes were trapped inside the sorbent (deswelling). At pH 2.0 the microgel was opened and the analytes were released from the microgel (swelling). As the adsorption and desorption mechanism is based on changing the pH and only aqueous medium is used as the effluent solvent, this method is introduced as a green extraction method. The use of this microgel resulted in excellent figures of merit. The limits of quantitation and detection for herbicides were obtained within the range of 10-30 and 3-10 ng mL(-1), respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of phenoxy acid herbicides as hazardous materials in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR) Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamal Khodaei
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR) Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Bide
- Department of applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dorabadi Zare
- Department of applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mirzaei
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR) Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Department of applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Caldas SS, Rombaldi C, Arias JLDO, Marube LC, Primel EG. Multi-residue method for determination of 58 pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using solvent demulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 146:676-88. [PMID: 26695317 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient sample pretreatment using solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SD-DLLME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was studied for the extraction of 58 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides from water samples. Type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, pH, salt addition, amount of salt and type of demulsification solvent were evaluated. Limits of quantification (LOQ) in the range from 0.0125 to 1.25 µg L(-1) were reached, and linearity was in the range from the LOQ of each compound to 25 μg L(-1). Recoveries ranged from 60% to 120% for 84% of the compounds, with relative standard deviations lower than 29%. The proposed method demonstrated, for the first time, that sample preparation by SD-DLLME with determination by LC-MS/MS can be successfully used for the simultaneous extraction of 32 pesticides and 26 PPCPs from water samples. The entire procedure, including the extraction of 58 organic compounds from the aqueous sample solution and the breaking up of the emulsion after extraction with water, rather than with an organic solvent, was environmentally friendly. In addition, this technique was less expensive and faster than traditional techniques. Finally, the analytical method under study was successfully applied to the analysis of all 58 pesticides and PPCPs in surface water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rombaldi
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Liziane Cardoso Marube
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Kocúrová L, Balogh IS, Andruch V. A glance at achievements in the coupling of headspace and direct immersion single-drop microextraction with chromatographic techniques. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3758-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Kocúrová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice; Slovak Republic
| | - Ioseph S. Balogh
- Department of Chemistry; College of Nyíregyháza; Nyíregyháza Hungary
| | - Vasil Andruch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice; Slovak Republic
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21
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Combination of graphene oxide-based solid phase extraction and electro membrane extraction for the preconcentration of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1300:227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Gholivand MB, Piryaei M, Papzan A. Evaluation effect of microwave irradiation on the amount of volatile compounds, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids fromThymus kotschyanusBoiss with four methods. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1228-31. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.717286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Lin H, Wang J, Zeng L, Li G, Sha Y, Wu D, Liu B. Development of solvent micro-extraction combined with derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:235-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Jafari MT, Saraji M, Yousefi S. Negative electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry combined with microextraction in packed syringe for direct analysis of phenoxyacid herbicides in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Saraji M, Farajmand B. Microporous silica with nanolayer structure coated with renewable organic solvent film as a novel extracting phase: A combination of solid- and liquid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Rapid determination of anilines in water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:877-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Saraji M, Bidgoli AAH, Khayamian T, Moradmand A. Combination of corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry with a novel reagent gas and two immiscible organic solvent liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction for analysis of clomipramine in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8600-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Bashiri Juybari M, Mehdinia A, Jabbari A, Yamini Y. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Followed by Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector for Determination of Some Pesticides in Water Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/451712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) followed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) was developed for determination of some pesticides in the water samples. Some important parameters, such as type and volumes of extraction and disperser solvent and salt effect on the extraction recovery of analytes from aqueous solution were investigated. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent: 1-undecanol, 15.0 μL; disperser solvent: acetone, 1.0 mL, and without salt addition), the preconcentration factors were obtained ranged from 802 to 915 for analytes. The linear ranges were from 0.05 to 100 μg L−1, and detection limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.008 μg L−1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs%, ) were between 3.2% and 6.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of target analytes in the tap, sea, and river water samples, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bashiri Juybari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1969764499, Iran
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Department of Marine Living Resources, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography, Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1969764499, Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Jain A, Verma KK. Recent advances in applications of single-drop microextraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:37-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Martín-Calero A, Pino V, Afonso AM. Ionic liquids as a tool for determination of metals and organic compounds in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Trends in liquid-phase microextraction, and its application to environmental and biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Saraji M, Boroujeni MK. Analysis of narcotic drugs in biological samples using hollow fiber liquid–phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Ensafi AA, Allafchian AR, Saraji M, Mirahmadi Zare SZ. Liquid three-phase microextraction based on hollow fiber for highly selective and sensitive determination of using an ion selective electrode. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:463-470. [PMID: 32938051 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, a combination of hollow fiber based liquid 3-phase microextraction with a potentiometric method was applied as a highly selective and sensitive method of analysis. Desipramine, as a model compound, was extracted from a small volume in the presence of 0.10 mol L-1 NaOH (donor solution) through a thin phase of propyl benzoate inside the pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber and finally into a 10 μL acidic acceptor solution inside the hollow fiber. Two microelectrodes were designed and inserted into the two ends of a hollow fiber inside the acceptor solution. Potentiometric analysis was performed in situ within an extraction time of 15 min; the final stable signal was used for analytical application. Under the optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 296 was achieved and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of the method was 4.5%. The calibration curve was obtained in the range of 3.0 × 10-5 to 3.4 × 10-8 mol L-1 with a reasonable linearity (R2 > 0.9849) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.1 × 10-8 mol L-1. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by extraction and determination of desipramine in plasma and urine samples without any special pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156â€"83111, Iran.
| | - Ali R Allafchian
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156â€"83111, Iran.
| | - M Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156â€"83111, Iran.
| | - S Z Mirahmadi Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156â€"83111, Iran.
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34
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Pakade YB, Tewary DK. Development and applications of single-drop microextraction for pesticide residue analysis: A review. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3683-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Dai L, Cheng J, Matsadiq G, Liu L, Li JK. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in aqueous samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 674:201-5. [PMID: 20678630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the proposed method, an extraction solvent with a lower toxicity and density than the solvents typically used in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used to extract seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from aqueous samples. Due to the density and melting point of the extraction solvent, the extract which forms a layer on top of aqueous sample can be collected by solidifying it at low temperatures, which form a layer on top of the aqueous sample. Furthermore, the solidified phase can be easily removed from the aqueous phase. Based on preliminary studies, 1-undecanol was selected as the extraction solvent, and a series of parameters that affect the extraction efficiency were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, enrichment factors for PCBs ranged between 494 and 606. Based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the limit of detection for the method ranged between 3.3 and 5.4 ng L(-1). Good linearity, reproducibility and recovery were also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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36
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Yan H, Du J, Zhang X, Yang G, Row KH, Lv Y. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography for simultaneous analysis of nine pyrethroids in domestic wastewaters. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1829-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Sha Y, Meng J, Lin H, Deng C, Liu B. Development of single-drop microextraction and simultaneous derivatization followed by GC-MS for the determination of aliphatic amines in tobacco. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1283-7. [PMID: 20201049 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, headspace (HS) single-drop microextraction and simultaneous derivatization followed by GC-MS was developed to determine the aliphatic amines in tobacco samples. In the HS extraction procedure, the mixture of derivatization reagent and organic solvent was employed as the extraction solvent for HS single-drop microextraction and in situ derivatization of aliphatic amine in the samples. Fast extraction and simultaneous derivatization of the analytes were performed in a single step, and the obtained derivatives in the microdrop extraction solvent were analyzed by GC-MS. The optimized experiment conditions were: sample preparation temperature of 80 degrees C and time of 30 min, HS extraction solvent (the mixture of benzyl alcohol and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde) volume of 2.0 microL, extraction time of 90 s. With the optimal conditions, the method validations were also studied. The method has good linearity (R(2) more than 0.99), accepted precision (RSD less than 13%), good recovery (98-104%) and low limit of detection (0.11-0.97 microg/g). Finally, the proposed technique was successfully applied to the analyses of aliphatic amines in tobacco samples of seven different brands. It was further demonstrated that the proposed method offered a simple, low-cost and reliable approach to determine aliphatic amines in tobacco samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sha
- Shanghai Tobacco (Group) Corporation Technical Center, Shanghai, PR China
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38
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Headspace single-drop microextraction and fibre optics-based cuvetteless micro-spectrophotometry for the determination of chloride involving oxidation with permanganate. Talanta 2010; 80:1816-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Sha Y, Meng J, Zhang Y, Deng C, Wu D. Determination of volatile organic acids in tobacco by single-drop microextraction with in-syringe derivatization followed by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2009; 33:212-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Hollow fiber membrane supported thin liquid film extraction for determination of trace phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols in environmental water samples. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Dispersive liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography for the determination of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7846-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Leong MI, Huang SD. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop for extraction of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7645-50. [PMID: 19766234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method has been developed for the extraction and analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water samples. The method is based on the solidification of a floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) and is combined with gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD). Very little solvent is required in this method. The disperser solvent (200microL acetonitrile) containing 10microL hexadecane (HEX) is rapidly injected by a syringe into the 5.0mL water sample. After centrifugation, the fine HEX droplets (6+/-0.5microL) float at the top of the screw-cap test tube. The test tube is then cooled in an ice bath. After 5min, the HEX solvent solidifies and is then transferred into a conical vial, where it melts quickly at room temperature, and 1microL of it is injected into a gas chromatograph for analysis. Under optimum conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries are high and range between 37-872 and 82.9-102.5%, respectively. The linear range is wide (0.025-20microgL(-1)), and the limits of detection are between 0.011 and 0.11microgL(-1) for most of the analytes. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 1microgL(-1) of OCPs in water was in the range of 5.8-8.8%. The performance of the method was gauged by analyzing samples of lake and tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-I Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kung Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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43
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Liquid-phase microextraction and fibre-optics-based cuvetteless CCD-array micro-spectrophotometry for trace analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Tsai WC, Huang SD. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with little solvent consumption combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the pretreatment of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Saraji M, Mirmahdieh S. Single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and GC-MS detection for the determination of parabens in water and cosmetic products. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:988-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Single-drop microextraction with in-microvial derivatization for the determination of haloacetic acids in water sample by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1059-66. [PMID: 19135207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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In situ solvent formation microextraction based on ionic liquids: A novel sample preparation technique for determination of inorganic species in saline solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:186-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Chemical reactions in liquid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:701-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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