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Lu X, Guo H, Chen J, Wang D, Lee AF, Gu X. Selective Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Lignin to Alkyl Guaiacols Over NiMo/Al-MCM-41. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200099. [PMID: 35192235 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient deoxygenation of lignin-derived bio-oils is central to their adoption as precursors to sustainable liquid fuels in place of current fossil resources. In-situ catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH), using isopropanol and formic acid as solvent and in-situ hydrogen sources, was demonstrated over metal-doped and promoted MCM-41 for the depolymerization of oxygen-rich (35.85 wt%) lignin from Chinese fir sawdust (termed O-lignin). A NiMo/Al-MCM-41 catalyst conferred an optimal lignin-derived oil yield of 61.6 wt% with a comparatively low molecular weight (Mw =542 g mol-1 , Mn =290 g mol-1 ) and H/C ratio of 1.39. High selectivity to alkyl guaiacols was attributed to efficient in-situ hydrogen transfer from isopropanol/formic acid donors, and a synergy between surface acid sites in the Al-doped MCM-41 support and reducible Ni/Mo species, which improved the chemical stability and quality of the resulting lignin-derived bio-oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Haoquan Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Duoying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Adam F Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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Lang S, Dyballa M, Traa Y, Estes D, Klemm E, Hunger M. Direct Proof of Volatile and Adsorbed Hydrocarbons on Solid Catalysts by Complementary NMR Methods. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swen Lang
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Dyballa
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yvonne Traa
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Deven Estes
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Elias Klemm
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Hunger
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Chemical Technology Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Catalytic Hydrotreatment of the Pyrolytic Sugar and Pyrolytic Lignin Fractions of Fast Pyrolysis Liquids Using Nickel Based Catalysts. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrotreatment is recognized as an efficient method to improve the properties of pyrolysis liquids (PO) to allow co-feeding with fossil fuels in conventional refinery units. The promising catalyst recipes identified so far are catalysts with high nickel contents (38 to 57 wt.%), promoted by Cu, Pd, Mo and/or a combination, and supported by SiO2, SiO2-ZrO2, SiO2-ZrO2-La2O3 or SiO2-Al2O3. To gain insights into the reactivity of the pyrolytic sugar (PS) and pyrolytic lignin (PL) fraction of PO, hydrotreatment studies (350 °C, 120 bar H2 pressure (RT) for 4 h) were performed in a batch autoclave. Catalyst performance was evaluated by considering the product properties (H/C ratio, the charring tendency (TGA) and molecular weight distribution (GPC)) and the results were compared with a benchmark Ru/C catalyst. All Ni based catalysts gave products oils with a higher H/C compared to Ru/C. The Mo promoted catalyst performed best, giving a product with the highest H/C ratio (1.54) and the lowest TG residue (0.8 wt.% compared to 12 wt.% for the fresh PS). The results further revealed that the PS fraction is highly reactive and full conversion was achieved at 350 °C. In contrast, the PL fraction was rather inert, and only part of the PL fraction was converted. The fresh and spent catalysts after the hydrotreatment of the PS and PL fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM-EDX). The results revealed that the use of PS as the feed leads to higher amounts of coke deposits on the catalysts, and higher levels of Ni agglomeration when compared to experiments with PL and pure PO. This proofs that proper catalyst selection for the PS fraction is of higher importance than for the PL fraction. The Mo promoted Ni catalysts showed the lowest amount of coke and the lowest tendency for Ni nanoparticle agglomeration compared to the monometallic Ni and bimetallic Ni-Cu catalysts.
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Wang Y, Han Y, Hu W, Fu D, Wang G. Analytical strategies for chemical characterization of bio‐oil. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:360-371. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingCollege of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentChina University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yehua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingCollege of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentChina University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingCollege of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentChina University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingCollege of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentChina University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingCollege of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentChina University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing P. R. China
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Schena T, Farrapeira R, Bjerk TR, Krause LC, Mühlen C, Caramão EB. Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied in the characterization of bio‐oil from the pyrolysis of coconut fibers. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Schena
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Instituto de Química Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Rafael Farrapeira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Thiago R. Bjerk
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Laiza C. Krause
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
- INCT E&AUFBA Salvador BA Brazil
| | - Carin Mühlen
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rezende RJ Brazil
| | - Elina B. Caramão
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Instituto de Química Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
- INCT E&AUFBA Salvador BA Brazil
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7
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Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds in unconventional oils. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Farooq A, Shafaghat H, Jae J, Jung SC, Park YK. Enhanced stability of bio-oil and diesel fuel emulsion using Span 80 and Tween 60 emulsifiers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:694-700. [PMID: 30396142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bio-oil (biomass pyrolysis oil) has some undesirable properties (e.g., low heating value, high corrosiveness, and high viscosity) that restrain its direct use as a transportation fuel. The emulsification of bio-oil and diesel is an effective and convenient method to use bio-oil in the present transportation fuel infrastructure. The addition of an emulsifying agent (emulsifier or surfactant) to two immiscible liquids of diesel and bio-oil is an important step in emulsification. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, according to the chemical structure and characteristics of the emulsifier, is a key parameter for selecting a surfactant. In this study, an ether treatment of raw bio-oil was carried out to separate the ether-soluble fraction of bio-oil from its heavy (dark brown and highly viscous) fraction, and the ether-extracted bio-oil (EEO) was processed further for emulsification into diesel fuel. The effects of the HLB value of the emulsifier and the contents of EEO, diesel, and emulsifier on the stability of the EEO/diesel emulsion were investigated. To optimize the HLB value of the emulsifier, different HLB values (4.3-8.8), which were prepared by mixing different amounts of Span 80 and Tween 60 as surfactants, were used for the EEO and diesel emulsification. A HLB value of 7.3 with diesel, EEO, and emulsifier contents of 90, 5, 5 wt%, and 86, 7.4, 6.6 wt% resulted in EEO/diesel emulsions (without phase separation) stable for 40 and 35 days, respectively. Measurement of the high heating value (HHV) of the emulsified fuels gave a 44.32 and 43.68 MJ/kg values for the EEO to emulsifier mass ratios of 5:5 and 7.4:6.6, respectively. The stability of emulsified EEO and diesel was verified by TGA and FT-IR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, South Korea
| | - Hoda Shafaghat
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, South Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, South Korea.
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Hertzog J, Carré V, Dufour A, Aubriet F. Semi-Targeted Analysis of Complex Matrices by ESI FT-ICR MS or How an Experimental Bias may be Used as an Analytical Tool. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:543-557. [PMID: 29340956 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is well suited to favor deprotonation process in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to increase the formation of [M - H]-. Nevertheless, NH3 may react with carbonyl compounds (aldehyde, ketone) and bias the composition description of the investigated sample. This is of significant importance in the study of complex mixture such as oil or bio-oil. To assess the ability of primary amines to form imines with carbonyl compounds during the ESI-MS process, two aldehydes (vanillin and cinnamaldehyde) and two ketones (butyrophenone and trihydroxyacetophenone) have been infused in an ESI source with ammonia and two different amines (aniline and 3-chloronaniline). The (+) ESI-MS analyses have demonstrated the formation of imine whatever the considered carbonyl compound and the used primary amine, the structure of which was extensively studied by tandem mass spectrometry. Thus, it has been established that the addition of ammonia, in the solution infused in an ESI source, may alter the composition description of a complex mixture and leads to misinterpretations due to the formation of imines. Nevertheless, this experimental bias can be used to identify the carbonyl compounds in a pyrolysis bio-oil. As we demonstrated, infusion of the bio-oil with 3-chloroaniline in ESI source leads to specifically derivatized carbonyl compounds. Thanks to their chlorine isotopic pattern and the high mass measurement accuracy, (+) ESI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) unambiguously highlighted them from the numerous CxHyOz bio-oil components. These results offer a new perspective into the detailed molecular structure of complex mixtures such as bio-oils. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hertzog
- LCP-A2MC, FR 2843 Institut Jean Barriol de Chimie et Physique Moléculaires et Biomoléculaires, FR 3624 Réseau National de Spectrométrie de Masse FT-ICR à très haut champ, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- LCP-A2MC, FR 2843 Institut Jean Barriol de Chimie et Physique Moléculaires et Biomoléculaires, FR 3624 Réseau National de Spectrométrie de Masse FT-ICR à très haut champ, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France.
| | - Anthony Dufour
- LRGP, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1, Rue Grandville, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Aubriet
- LCP-A2MC, FR 2843 Institut Jean Barriol de Chimie et Physique Moléculaires et Biomoléculaires, FR 3624 Réseau National de Spectrométrie de Masse FT-ICR à très haut champ, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France.
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10
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Zhan N, Guo F, Tian Q, Yang ZP, Rao Z. Screening and Quantification of Organic Pollutants in Soil Using Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1367798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhan
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Guo
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tian
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Peng Yang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Rao
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Valdés-Martínez O, Suárez-Toriello V, Reyes JDL, Pawelec B, Fierro J. Support effect and metals interactions for NiRu/Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and ZrO 2 catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenol. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Agarwal S, Chowdari RK, Hita I, Heeres HJ. Experimental Studies on the Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Aromatics and Alkylphenolics Using Economically Viable Fe-Based Catalysts. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2017; 5:2668-2678. [PMID: 28413733 PMCID: PMC5390507 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Limonite, a low-cost iron ore, was investigated as a potential hydrotreatment catalyst for kraft lignin without the use of an external solvent (batch reactor, initial H2 pressure of 100 bar, 4 h). The best results were obtained at 450 °C resulting in 34 wt % of liquefied kraft lignin (lignin oil) on lignin intake. The composition of the lignin oil was determined in detail (elemental composition, GC-MS, GC×GC-FID, and GPC). The total GC-detectable monomeric species amounts up to 31 wt % on lignin intake, indicating that 92 wt % of the products in the lignin oil are volatile and thus of low molecular weight. The lignin oil was rich in low-molecular-weight alkylphenolics (17 wt % on lignin) and aromatics (8 wt % on lignin). Performance of the limonite catalyst was compared to other Fe-based catalysts (goethite and iron disulfide) and limonite was shown to give the highest yields of alkylphenolics and aromatics. The limonite catalyst before and after reaction was characterized using XRD, TEM, and nitrogen physisorption to determine changes in structure during reaction. Catalyst recycling tests were performed and show that the catalyst is active after reuse, despite the fact that the morphology changed and that the surface area of the catalyst particles was decreased. Our results clearly reveal that cheap limonite catalysts have the potential to be used for the depolymerization/hydrodeoxygenation of kraft lignin for the production of valuable biobased phenolics and aromatics.
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Tavizón-Pozos JA, Suárez-Toriello VA, del Ángel P, de los Reyes JA. Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol Over Sulfided CoMo Catalysts Supported on a Mixed Al2O3-TiO2 Oxide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, the effect of the mixed Al2O3-TiO2 oxide (Al/Ti=2, named AT2) support on the support-metal interaction in oxide state, its influence on MoS2 dispersion and its impact on the hydrodeoxygenation of phenol reaction was studied. In contrast with CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts, the use of Al2O3-TiO2 as support tuned favorably the support-metal interaction, increasing the availability of easily reducible CoOX and MoOX species with octahedral coordination, which are recognized as precursors of the active phase. The lower support-metal interaction strength caused a decrease in the dispersion of MoS2 phase. Even so, the sulfided CoMo/AT2 catalyst reached 85 % higher catalytic activity in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenol than CoMo/Al2O3. These increases were explained in terms of the formation of a higher amount of active CoMoS phase, and it is consistent with the increased availability of cobalt promoter for the decoration of MoS2 edges. CoMo/AT2 catalyst was more resistant to inhibition by CS2 than CoMo/Al2O3 in direct deoxygenation route and hydrodeoxygenation of phenol.
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14
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Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1318-1346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Silva RVS, Tessarolo NS, Pereira VB, Ximenes VL, Mendes FL, de Almeida MBB, Azevedo DA. Quantification of real thermal, catalytic, and hydrodeoxygenated bio-oils via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 164:626-635. [PMID: 28107982 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of bio-oil composition is important to evaluate the processes of biomass conversion and its upgrading, and to suggest the proper use for each sample. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is a widely applied analytical approach for bio-oil investigation due to the higher separation and resolution capacity from this technique. This work addresses the issue of analytical performance to assess the comprehensive characterization of real bio-oil samples via GC×GC-TOFMS. The approach was applied to the individual quantification of compounds of real thermal (PWT), catalytic process (CPO), and hydrodeoxygenation process (HDO) bio-oils. Quantification was performed with reliability using the analytical curves of oxygenated and hydrocarbon standards as well as the deuterated internal standards. The limit of quantification was set at 1ngµL-1 for major standards, except for hexanoic acid, which was set at 5ngµL-1. The GC×GC-TOFMS method provided good precision (<10%) and excellent accuracy (recovery range of 70-130%) for the quantification of individual hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds in real bio-oil samples. Sugars, furans, and alcohols appear as the major constituents of the PWT, CPO, and HDO samples, respectively. In order to obtain bio-oils with better quality, the catalytic pyrolysis process may be a better option than hydrogenation due to the effective reduction of oxygenated compound concentrations and the lower cost of the process, when hydrogen is not required to promote deoxygenation in the catalytic pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel V S Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia S Tessarolo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Ximenes
- Petrobras, CENPES, Conversão de Biomassa, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Fábio L Mendes
- Petrobras, CENPES, Conversão de Biomassa, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Marlon B B de Almeida
- Petrobras, CENPES, Conversão de Biomassa, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Débora A Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil.
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Shashkov MV, Sidelnikov VN. Separation of phenol-containing pyrolysis products using comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography with columns based on pyridinium ionic liquids. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3754-3760. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Shashkov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N. Sidelnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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17
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Wang Y, Agarwal S, Kloekhorst A, Heeres HJ. Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Humins in Mixtures of Formic Acid/2-Propanol with Supported Ruthenium Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:951-61. [PMID: 26836970 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic hydrotreatment of humins, which are the solid byproducts from the conversion of C6 sugars (glucose, fructose) into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA), by using supported ruthenium catalysts has been investigated. Reactions were carried out in a batch setup at elevated temperatures (400 °C) by using a hydrogen donor (formic acid (FA) in isopropanol (IPA) or hydrogen gas), with humins obtained from d-glucose. Humin conversions of up to 69 % were achieved with Ru/C and FA, whereas the performance for Ru on alumina was slightly poorer (59 % humin conversion). Humin oils were characterized by using a range of analytical techniques (GC, GC-MS, GCxGC, gel permeation chromatography) and were shown to consist of monomers, mainly alkyl phenolics (>45 % based on compounds detectable by GC) and higher oligomers. A reaction network for the reaction is proposed based on structural proposals for humins and the main reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehu Wang
- Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shilpa Agarwal
- Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Kloekhorst
- Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hero Jan Heeres
- Chemical Engineering Department, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Yin W, Kloekhorst A, Venderbosch RH, Bykova MV, Khromova SA, Yakovlev VA, Heeres HJ. Catalytic hydrotreatment of fast pyrolysis liquids in batch and continuous set-ups using a bimetallic Ni–Cu catalyst with a high metal content. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of process conditions on catalyst performance and product properties are reported in both batch and continuous set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Kloekhorst
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Hero J. Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
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Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1369:147-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Assessing the chemical composition of bio-oils using FT-ICR mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Le Masle A, Angot D, Gouin C, D’Attoma A, Ponthus J, Quignard A, Heinisch S. Development of on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography method for the separation of biomass compounds. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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da Cunha ME, Schneider JK, Brasil MC, Cardoso CA, Monteiro LR, Mendes FL, Pinho A, Jacques RA, Machado ME, Freitas LS, Caramão EB. Analysis of fractions and bio-oil of sugar cane straw by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS). Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Almeida TM, Bispo MD, Cardoso ART, Migliorini MV, Schena T, de Campos MCV, Machado ME, López JA, Krause LC, Caramão EB. Preliminary studies of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of coconut fibers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6812-6821. [PMID: 23815555 DOI: 10.1021/jf401379s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work studied fast pyrolysis as a way to use the residual fiber obtained from the shells of coconut ( Cocos nucifera L. var. Dwarf, from Aracaju, northeastern Brazil). The bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis and the aqueous phase (formed during the pyrolysis) were characterized by GC/qMS and GC×GC/TOF-MS. Many oxygenated compounds such as phenols, aldehydes, and ketones were identified in the extracts obtained in both phases, with a high predominance of phenolic compounds, mainly alkylphenols. Eighty-one compounds were identified in the bio-oil and 42 in the aqueous phase using GC/qMS, and 95 and 68 in the same samples were identified by GC×GC/TOF-MS. The better performance of GC×GC/TOF-MS was due to the possibility of resolving some coeluted peaks in the one-dimension gas chromatography. Semiquantitative analysis of the samples verified that 59% of the area on the chromatogram of bio-oil is composed by phenols and 12% by aldehydes, mainly furfural. Using the same criterion, 77% of the organic compounds in the aqueous phase are phenols. Therefore, this preliminary assessment indicates that coconut fibers have the potential to be a cost-effective and promising alternative to obtain new products and minimize environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarciana M Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial/Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes, Farolândia, Aracaju, Brazi
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Tessarolo NS, dos Santos LR, Silva RS, Azevedo DA. Chemical characterization of bio-oils using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1279:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kanaujia PK, Sharma Y, Agrawal U, Garg M. Analytical approaches to characterizing pyrolysis oil from biomass. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Omais B, Crepier J, Charon N, Courtiade M, Quignard A, Thiébaut D. Oxygen speciation in upgraded fast pyrolysis bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:2258-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35597c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Djokic MR, Dijkmans T, Yildiz G, Prins W, Van Geem KM. Quantitative analysis of crude and stabilized bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:131-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pyl SP, Schietekat CM, Van Geem KM, Reyniers MF, Vercammen J, Beens J, Marin GB. Rapeseed oil methyl ester pyrolysis: On-line product analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bykova MV, Bulavchenko OA, Ermakov DY, Lebedev MY, Yakovlev VA, Parmon VN. Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of Ni-containing catalysts. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050411010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sfetsas T, Michailof C, Lappas A, Li Q, Kneale B. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrolysis oil by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:3317-25. [PMID: 21036362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrolysis oils have attracted a lot of interest, as they are liquid energy carriers and general sources of chemicals. In this work, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) techniques were used to provide both qualitative and quantitative results of the analysis of three different pyrolysis oils. The chromatographic methods and parameters were optimized and solvent choice and separation restrictions are discussed. Pyrolysis oil samples were diluted in suitable organic solvent and were analyzed by GC×GC-TOFMS. An average of 300 compounds were detected and identified in all three samples using the ChromaToF (Leco) software. The deconvoluted spectra were compared with the NIST software library for correct matching. Group type classification was performed by use of the ChromaToF software. The quantification of 11 selected compounds was performed by means of a multiple-point external calibration curve. Afterwards, the pyrolysis oils were extracted with water, and the aqueous phase was analyzed both by GC-FID and, after proper change of solvent, by GC×GC-TOFMS. As previously, the selected compounds were quantified by both techniques, by means of multiple point external calibration curves. The parameters of the calibration curves were calculated by weighted linear regression analysis. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation and linearity range for each standard compound with each method are presented. The potency of GC×GC-TOFMS for an efficient mapping of the pyrolysis oil is undisputable, and the possibility of using it for quantification as well has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the GC-FID analysis provides reliable results that allow for a rapid screening of the pyrolysis oil. To the best of our knowledge, very few papers have been reported with quantification attempts on pyrolysis oil samples using GC×GC-TOFMS most of which make use of the internal standard method. This work provides the ground for further analysis of pyrolysis oils of diverse sources for a rational design of both their production and utilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Sfetsas
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Nerín C, Canellas E, Aznar M, Silcock P. Analytical methods for the screening of potential volatile migrants from acrylic-base adhesives used in food-contact materials. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:1592-601. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903161572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dutriez T, Courtiade M, Thiébaut D, Dulot H, Bertoncini F, Vial J, Hennion MC. High-temperature two-dimensional gas chromatography of hydrocarbons up to nC60 for analysis of vacuum gas oils. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2905-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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