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Chen TH, Chen YS, Hiramatsu H. Raman spectrometer with vertical flow method for solutions containing organic solvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124679. [PMID: 38906058 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The vertical flow (VF) method improves generation and collection efficiency in Raman spectroscopy. It enhances all Raman signals, including undesired signals of organic solvents having a considerably large Raman cross section. We constructed a Raman spectrometer using the VF method to overcome this drawback and introduced a spatial line rejection mask to eliminate unnecessary bands. In addition, the design of the VF unit was improved to resist organic solvents. A VF unit with a 60-µm pinhole enhanced the signal 168 times. The spatial mask effectively eliminated the large Raman bands of the solvent and enabled a longer exposure time. The increase in the dynamic range improved the signal-to-noise ratio by 10 % in methanol and acetonitrile measurements. Raman spectrometer with the VF method and spatial mask enables us to record the Raman spectrum of solute molecules without the disturbance of solvent bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hirotsugu Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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2
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Akhgar CK, Ebner J, Alcaraz MR, Kopp J, Goicoechea H, Spadiut O, Schwaighofer A, Lendl B. Application of Quantum Cascade Laser-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for In-Line Discrimination of Coeluting Proteins from Preparative Size Exclusion Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11192-11200. [PMID: 35926134 PMCID: PMC9386682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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An external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-based
flow-through
mid-infrared (IR) spectrometer was placed in line with a preparative
size exclusion chromatography system to demonstrate real-time analysis
of protein elutions with strongly overlapping chromatographic peaks.
Two different case studies involving three and four model proteins
were performed under typical lab-scale purification conditions. The
large optical path length (25 μm), high signal-to-noise ratios,
and wide spectral coverage (1350 to 1750 cm–1) of
the QCL-IR spectrometer allow for robust spectra acquisition across
both the amide I and II bands. Chemometric analysis by self-modeling
mixture analysis and multivariate curve resolution enabled accurate
quantitation and structural fingerprinting across the protein elution
transient. The acquired concentration profiles were found to be in
excellent agreement with the off-line high-performance liquid chromatography
reference analytics performed on the collected effluent fractions.
These results demonstrate that QCL-IR detectors can be used effectively
for in-line, real-time analysis of protein elutions, providing critical
quality attribute data that are typically only accessible through
time-consuming and resource-intensive off-line methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Akhgar
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Ebner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Julian Kopp
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Héctor Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Akhgar CK, Ebner J, Spadiut O, Schwaighofer A, Lendl B. QCL-IR Spectroscopy for In-Line Monitoring of Proteins from Preparative Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5583-5590. [PMID: 35353485 PMCID: PMC9008697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
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In this study, an
external cavity-quantum cascade laser-based mid-infrared
(IR) spectrometer was applied for in-line monitoring of proteins from
preparative ion-exchange chromatography. The large optical path length
of 25 μm allowed for robust spectra acquisition in the broad
tuning range between 1350 and 1750 cm–1, covering
the most important spectral region for protein secondary structure
determination. A significant challenge was caused by the overlapping
mid-IR bands of proteins and changes in the background absorption
of water due to the NaCl gradient. Implementation of advanced background
compensation strategies resulted in high-quality protein spectra in
three different model case studies. In Case I, a reference blank run
was directly subtracted from a sample run with the same NaCl gradient.
Case II and III included sample runs with different gradient profiles
than the one from the reference run. Here, a novel compensation approach
based on a reference spectra matrix was introduced, where the signal
from the conductivity detector was employed for correlating suitable
reference spectra for correction of the sample run spectra. With this
method, a single blank run was sufficient to correct various gradient
profiles. The obtained IR spectra of hemoglobin and β-lactoglobulin
were compared to off-line reference measurements, showing excellent
agreement for all case studies. Moreover, the concentration values
obtained from the mid-IR spectrometer agreed well with conventional
UV detectors and high-performance liquid chromatography off-line measurements.
LC–QCL–IR coupling thus holds high potential for replacing
laborious and time-consuming off-line methods for protein monitoring
in complex downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Akhgar
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Ebner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Großhans S, Rüdt M, Sanden A, Brestrich N, Morgenstern J, Heissler S, Hubbuch J. In-line Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as a versatile process analytical technology for preparative protein chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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New Baseline Correction Method Using Near-Infrared Absorption of Water in Water/Acetonitrile Gradient High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Far-Ultraviolet Absorbance Detection. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Cowcher DP, Jarvis R, Goodacre R. Quantitative Online Liquid Chromatography-Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Purine Bases. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9977-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5029159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Cowcher
- School
of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester, M1
7DN, U.K
| | - Roger Jarvis
- School
of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester, M1
7DN, U.K
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School
of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester, M1
7DN, U.K
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Li Z, Zhan DJ, Wang JJ, Huang J, Xu QS, Zhang ZM, Zheng YB, Liang YZ, Wang H. Morphological weighted penalized least squares for background correction. Analyst 2013; 138:4483-92. [PMID: 23778299 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds existing in the analytical signal always impair the effectiveness of signals and compromise selectivity and sensitivity of analytical methods. In order to perform further qualitative or quantitative analysis, the background should be corrected with a reasonable method. For this purpose, a new automatic method for background correction, which is based on morphological operations and weighted penalized least squares (MPLS), has been developed in this paper. It requires neither prior knowledge about the background nor an iteration procedure or manual selection of a suitable local minimum value. The method has been successfully applied to simulated datasets as well as experimental datasets from different instruments. The results show that the method is quite flexible and could handle different kinds of backgrounds. The proposed MPLS method is implemented and available as an open source package at http://code.google.com/p/mpls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming 650106, PR China
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Yu YJ, Wu HL, Fu HY, Zhao J, Li YN, Li SF, Kang C, Yu RQ. Chromatographic background drift correction coupled with parallel factor analysis to resolve coelution problems in three-dimensional chromatographic data: quantification of eleven antibiotics in tap water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:72-80. [PMID: 23827465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic background drift correction has been an important field of research in chromatographic analysis. In the present work, orthogonal spectral space projection for background drift correction of three-dimensional chromatographic data was described in detail and combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to resolve overlapped chromatographic peaks and obtain the second-order advantage. This strategy was verified by simulated chromatographic data and afforded significant improvement in quantitative results. Finally, this strategy was successfully utilized to quantify eleven antibiotics in tap water samples. Compared with the traditional methodology of introducing excessive factors for the PARAFAC model to eliminate the effect of background drift, clear improvement in the quantitative performance of PARAFAC was observed after background drift correction by orthogonal spectral space projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Kuligowski J, Quintás G, Tauler R, Lendl B, de la Guardia M. Background Correction and Multivariate Curve Resolution of Online Liquid Chromatography with Infrared Spectrometric Detection. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4855-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2004407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuligowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Edificio Jerónimo Muñoz, 50th Dr. Moliner, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Bio InVitro Division, Leitat Technological Center, de la Innovacio 2, E-08225 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Environmental Chemometrics Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical and Environmental Research, CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Edificio Jerónimo Muñoz, 50th Dr. Moliner, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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10
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Goicoechea H, Culzoni M, García MG, Galera MM. Chemometric strategies for enhancing the chromatographic methodologies with second-order data analysis of compounds when peaks are overlapped. Talanta 2011; 83:1098-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Analytical potential of mid-infrared detection in capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Kuligowski J, Carrión D, Quintás G, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Cubic smoothing splines background correction in on-line liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6733-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Armenta S, Lendl B. Capillary liquid chromatography with off-line mid-IR and Raman micro-spectroscopic detection: analysis of chlorinated pesticides at ppb levels. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:297-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Quintás G, Kuligowski J, Lendl B. Procedure for automated background correction in flow systems with infrared spectroscopic detection and changing liquid-phase composition. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:1363-1369. [PMID: 20030981 DOI: 10.1366/000370209790108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a partial least squares (PLS) based automatic procedure to correct for changes in the spectral contribution of the solvent or solvent mixtures from solute spectra recorded in these solvents. The procedure was developed for successful on-line Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) detection in gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations. It requires a reference FT-IR data set containing all possible combinations of the expected variation in solvent composition. Furthermore, a spectral region (A) in these spectra is required where the solvents show absorption but the analytes do not. This is the case for the system ACN:H(2)O, an often-applied solvent mixture in gradient HPLC, in the spectral region from 2300-2400 cm(-1). By focusing on (A) the developed numerical method selects an appropriate background spectrum from the reference data set, which is then subtracted from the analyte spectra. The method was programmed in Matlab and tested on different isocratic and gradient on-line reversed phase liquid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (LC-FT-IR) data sets. This work describes a successful method to perform eluent correction in on-line coupling of FT-IR spectrometry with gradient LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Quintás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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16
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Kuligowski J, Quintás G, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Chemometric extraction of analyte-specific chromatograms in on-line gradient LC-infrared spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4089-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Quintás G, Kuligowski J, Lendl B. On-Line Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Detection in Gradient Capillary Liquid Chromatography Using Nanoliter-Flow Cells. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3746-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8025459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Quintás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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New background correction approach based on polynomial regressions for on-line liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3122-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Determination of glycolic acid in cosmetics by online liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:1383-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Kuligowski J, Quintás G, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Determination of critical eluent composition for polyethylenglycols using on-line liquid chromatography—Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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