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Tsonev LI, Hirsh AG. Multiple, simultaneous, independent gradients for a versatile multidimensional liquid chromatography. Part II: Application 3 - Scouting optimization strategies for separation of monoclonal antibodies by dual simultaneous independent gradients of pH & salt on a weak cation exchange stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465065. [PMID: 38879974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In previous publications we have described the pISep dual simultaneous, independent gradients (DSIGs) liquid chromatography (LC) for uncoupling gradients of non-buffering solute (NaCl, urea or acetonitrile) from externally generated pH gradients. In DSIGs the shape and slope of the [salute] gradient does not depend on the shape and slope of the pH gradient. The technique allows in a single run true simultaneous two dimensional LC separation of complex protein mixtures on various stationary phases including anion, cation exchangers (AEX, CEX), reversed phase (RP), mixed mode and mixed bed. Using a humanized IgG1 (HIgG1) monoclonal antibody (MAb) and a variety of pH & [NaCl] DSIGs, we show that most of MAb isoforms can be successfully separated from each other. These experimental observations are supported by an initial theoretical argument presented here predicting an overall improvement of all MAb isoforms separation by DSIGs of pH & [NaCl]. Theoretical calculations predict that, in general, there exists an optimal non-zero isocratic salt concentration in a pH gradient separation that will resolve isoforms close in binding energy, but a wide range of salt concentrations will be required for acceptable resolution of all isoforms. Theory also predicts better separation of weaker rather than stronger binding isoforms. Experimentally, we have found that no one set of DSIGs LC conditions could optimally baseline resolve all identifiable MAb isoforms in a single run of reasonable duration. The versatility and simplicity of the pH & [NaCl] pISep DSIGs LC allows fast, automated scouting of protein separations over any range of pH from 2.4 to 10.8 and [NaCl] from 0 to 1 M without changing the chemistry of the buffering system. Due to the universal applicability of the pISep buffering system in IEX LC, the researcher is given a powerful tool to easily develop pH & [NaCl] DSIGs protocols that vary mobile phase compositions to achieve high resolution separations of targeted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latchezar I Tsonev
- CryoBioPhysica, Inc., 4620 N. Park Ave., #1502 w Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Allen G Hirsh
- CryoBioPhysica, Inc., 4620 N. Park Ave., #1502 w Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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2
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De Fauw K, Umelo IA, Teng X, Vlyminck S, Rivera G, Brigé A, Delangle A. Theoretical charge plots as a tool for targeted and accelerated ion exchange chromatography method development of NANOBODY Ⓡ molecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464137. [PMID: 37356365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
NANOBODYⓇ molecules are an innovative class of biotherapeutics based on heavy chain only VHH immunoglobulins. Much like canonical antibodies, they are prone to the formation of charge variants and other post-translational modifications, which can potentially impact their critical quality attributes. Therefore, establishing high-resolution product-specific methods, such as IEX chromatography, is essential for evaluating the purity of these molecules. However, due to the lower surface charge of NANOBODYⓇ molecules, their charge-based elution behavior can differ considerably from that of classical antibodies, resulting in a more extensive method development set-up for these smaller molecules. Using an initial pH screening gradient based on theoretical protein charge plots, we investigated the IEX retention behavior of eight NANOBODYⓇ molecules with a wide range of pI values (pI 5.0 to 10.0). Our findings reveal that the charge-based chromatographic behavior of NANOBODYⓇ molecules cannot be solely attributed to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. Rather, a molecule-specific charge threshold was identified as a critical parameter for NANOBODYⓇ molecule retention. Furthermore, the protein charge plot also showed that NANOBODYⓇ molecule elution can be characterized by a charge plateau where the net charge of the protein remains constant over a certain pH range (∼ pH 5.5 to pH 8.0), further challenging the paradigm that elution pH and pI are fixed values. The application of this theoretical approach using protein charge plots to define NANOBODYⓇ molecule charge threshold and charge plateau parameters, can reduce overall IEX method development turnaround time by at least 2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken De Fauw
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Ijeoma A Umelo
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Xia Teng
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Silke Vlyminck
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Gustavo Rivera
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Ann Brigé
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Aurélie Delangle
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium.
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3
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Alhazmi HA, Albratty M. Analytical Techniques for the Characterization and Quantification of Monoclonal Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:291. [PMID: 37259434 PMCID: PMC9967501 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a fast-growing class of biopharmaceuticals. They are widely used in the identification and detection of cell makers, serum analytes, and pathogenic agents, and are remarkably used for the cure of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or malignancies. The successful application of therapeutic mAbs is based on their ability to precisely interact with their appropriate target sites. The precision of mAbs rely on the isolation techniques delivering pure, consistent, stable, and safe lots that can be used for analytical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. During the creation of a biologic, the key quality features of a particular mAb, such as structure, post-translational modifications, and activities at the biomolecular and cellular levels, must be characterized and profiled in great detail. This implies the requirement of powerful state of the art analytical techniques for quality control and characterization of mAbs. Until now, various analytical techniques have been developed to characterize and quantify the mAbs according to the regulatory guidelines. The present review summarizes the major techniques used for the analyses of mAbs which include chromatographic, electrophoretic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods in addition to the modifications in these methods for improving the quality of mAbs. This compilation of major analytical techniques will help students and researchers to have an overview of the methodologies employed by the biopharmaceutical industry for structural characterization of mAbs for eventual release of therapeutics in the drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Wagner C, Innthaler B, Lemmerer M, Pletzenauer R, Birner-Gruenberger R. Biophysical Characterization of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Using Ion-Exchange Chromatography Coupled to Light Scattering Detectors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12715. [PMID: 36361506 PMCID: PMC9655919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion-exchange chromatography coupled to light scattering detectors represents a fast and simple analytical method for the assessment of multiple critical quality attributes (CQA) in one single measurement. The determination of CQAs play a crucial role in Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-based gene therapies and their applications in humans. Today, several different analytical techniques, including size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), qPCR or ELISA, are commonly used to characterize the gene therapy product regarding capsid titer, packaging efficiency, vector genome integrity, aggregation content and other process-related impurities. However, no universal method for the simultaneous determination of multiple CQAs is currently available. Here, we present a novel robust ion-exchange chromatography method coupled to multi-angle light scattering detectors (IEC-MALS) for the comprehensive characterization of empty and filled AAVs concerning capsid titer, full-to-total ratio, absolute molar mass of the protein and nucleic acid, and the size and polydispersity without baseline-separation of both species prior to data analysis. We demonstrate that the developed IEC-MALS assay is applicable to different serotypes and can be used as an orthogonal method to other established analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wagner
- Analytical Development Europe, Takeda Vienna, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Innthaler
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Takeda Orth an der Donau, 2304 Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Martin Lemmerer
- Analytical Development Europe, Takeda Vienna, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Pletzenauer
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Takeda Orth an der Donau, 2304 Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Paladii IV, Vrabie EG, Sprinchan KG, Bologa MK. Whey: Review. Part 2. Treatment Processes and Methods. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Friganović T, Tomašić A, Šeba T, Biruš I, Kerep R, Borko V, Šakić D, Gabričević M, Weitner T. Low-pressure chromatographic separation and UV/Vis spectrophotometric characterization of the native and desialylated human apo-transferrin. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08030. [PMID: 34611562 PMCID: PMC8477197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-pressure pH gradient ion exchange separation provides a fast, simple and cost-effective method for preparative purification of native and desialylated apo-transferrin. The method enables easy monitoring of the extent of the desialylation reaction and also the efficient separation and purification of protein fractions after desialylation. The N-glycan analysis shows that the modified desialylation protocol successfully reduces the content of the sialylated fractions relative to the native apo-transferrin. In the optimized protocol, the desialylation capacity is increased by 150 %, compared to the original protocol provided by the manufacturer. The molar absorption coefficients in the near-UV region for the native and desialylated apo-transferrin differ by several percent, suggesting a subtle dependence of the glycoprotein absorbance on the variable sialic acid content. The method can easily be modified for other glycoproteins and is particularly appropriate for quick testing of sialic acid content in the protein glycosylation patterns prior to further verification by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friganović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Tomašić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tino Šeba
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Biruš
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Kerep
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Borko
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Šakić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Gabričević
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tin Weitner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Yüce M, Sert F, Torabfam M, Parlar A, Gürel B, Çakır N, Dağlıkoca DE, Khan MA, Çapan Y. Fractionated charge variants of biosimilars: A review of separation methods, structural and functional analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:238189. [PMID: 33648647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The similarity between originator and biosimilar monoclonal antibody candidates are rigorously assessed based on primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, and biological functions. Minor differences in such parameters may alter target-binding, potency, efficacy, or half-life of the molecule. The charge heterogeneity analysis is a prerequisite for all biotherapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies are prone to enzymatic or non-enzymatic structural modifications during or after the production processes, leading to the formation of fragments or aggregates, various glycoforms, oxidized, deamidated, and other degraded residues, reduced Fab region binding activity or altered FcR binding activity. Therefore, the charge variant profiles of the monoclonal antibodies must be regularly and thoroughly evaluated. Comparative structural and functional analysis of physically separated or fractioned charged variants of monoclonal antibodies has gained significant attention in the last few years. The fraction-based charge variant analysis has proved very useful for the biosimilar candidates comprising of unexpected charge isoforms. In this report, the key methods for the physical separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants, structural and functional analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon resonance techniques were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yüce
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Sert
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Milad Torabfam
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Parlar
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Gürel
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çakır
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu E Dağlıkoca
- ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Texas A&M Health Sciences Centre, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yılmaz Çapan
- ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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8
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Farsang E, Horváth K, Beck A, Wang Q, Lauber M, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Impact of the column on effluent pH in cation exchange pH gradient chromatography, a practical study. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461350. [PMID: 32797830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In ionexchange chromatography, the pH gradient mode becomes more and more popular today for the analysis of therapeutic proteins as this mode can provide higher or alternative selectivity to the commonly used salt gradient mode. Ideally, a linear pH response is expected when performing linear gradients. However up to now, only a very few buffer systems have been developed and are commercially available which can perform nearly linear pH responses when flowing through a given column. It is also known that a selected buffer system (mobile phase) can work well on one column but can fail on other column. The goal of this study was to practically evaluate the effects that ionexchange columns (weak and strong exchangers) might have on effluent pH, when performing linear pH gradient separations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. To attain this objective, the pH was monitored on-line at the column outlet using a specific setup. To make comprehensive observations of the phenomenon, four different mobile phase conditions and five cation exchange columns (weak and strong exchangers) were employed. The obtained pH responses were systematically compared to responses measured in the absence of the columns. From this work, it has become clear that both the column and mobile phase can have significant effects on pH gradient chromatography and that their combination must be considered when developing a new method. Phase systems (column + mobile phase) providing linear pH responses are indeed the most suitable for separating mAbs with different isoelectric points and, with them, it is possible to elute mAbs across wide retention time ranges and with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Farsang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Horváth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Qi Wang
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States; Current Address: Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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9
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Chromatographic assay to probe the binding energy and mechanisms of homologous proteins to surface-bound ligands. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Santarelli X, Cabanne C. Mixed Mode Chromatography: A Novel Way Toward New Selectivity. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:14-21. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203718666171024121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mixed mode chromatography offers a diversity of ligands, each providing a new selectivity.
This allows the design of novel purification processes with reduced column steps. Structure of ligands is
based on both hydrophobic and ionic groups. Thanks to its salt tolerance, crude extracts or post-IEX
samples can be loaded directly without conditioning. The selectivity could be enhanced by modulating
elution parameters or by using additives. More importantly, mixed mode chromatography could be as
effective as affinity chromatography for mAb purification processes. Mixed mode chromatography
opens the way to short and economical processes.
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11
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Coupling Multi Angle Light Scattering to Ion Exchange chromatography (IEX-MALS) for protein characterization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6907. [PMID: 29720692 PMCID: PMC5931992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-angle light scattering coupled with size exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALS) is a standard and common approach for characterizing protein mass, overall shape, aggregation, oligomerization, interactions and purity. The limited resolution of analytical SEC restricts in some instances the accurate analysis that can be accomplished by MALS. These include mixtures of protein populations with identical or very similar molecular masses, oligomers with poor separation and short peptides. Here we show that combining MALS with the higher resolution separation technique ion exchange (IEX-MALS) can allow precise analyses of samples that cannot be resolved by SEC-MALS. We conclude that IEX-MALS is a valuable and complementary method for protein characterization, especially for protein systems that could not be fully analyzed by SEC-MALS.
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12
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Cho HE, Kang MH. pH gradient-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric assay for determination of underivatized polyamines in cancer cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1085:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Lee YF, Jöhnck M, Frech C. Evaluation of differences between dual salt-pH gradient elution and mono gradient elution using a thermodynamic model: Simultaneous separation of six monoclonal antibody charge and size variants on preparative-scale ion exchange chromatographic resin. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:973-986. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Matthias Jöhnck
- Department of Process Solutions, Actives & Formulation; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
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14
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Tassi M, De Vos J, Chatterjee S, Sobott F, Bones J, Eeltink S. Advances in native high-performance liquid chromatography and intact mass spectrometry for the characterization of biopharmaceutical products. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:125-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tassi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sneha Chatterjee
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Jonathan Bones
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT); Dublin Ireland
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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15
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Lee YF, Kluters S, Hillmann M, von Hirschheydt T, Frech C. Modeling of bispecific antibody elution in mixed-mode cation-exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3632-3645. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Simon Kluters
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Mirjam Hillmann
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Thomas von Hirschheydt
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Munich; Penzberg Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute of Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
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16
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Multiple, simultaneous, independent gradients for a versatile multidimensional liquid chromatography. Part II: Application 2: Computer controlled pH gradients in the presence of urea provide improved separation of proteins: Stability influenced anion and cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1495:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Sharkey B, Pudi S, Wallace Moyer I, Zhong L, Prinz B, Baruah H, Lynaugh H, Kumar S, Wittrup KD, Nett JH. Purification of common light chain IgG-like bispecific antibodies using highly linear pH gradients. MAbs 2016; 9:257-268. [PMID: 27937066 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1267090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monovalent bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are projected to have broad clinical applications due to their ability to bind two different targets simultaneously. Although they can be produced using recombinant technologies, the correct pairing of heavy and light chains is a significant manufacturing problem. Various approaches exploit mutations or linkers to favor the formation of the desired BsAb, but a format using a single common light chain has the advantage that no other modification to the antibody is required. This strategy reduces the number of formed molecules to three (the BsAb and the two parent mAbs), but the separation of the BsAb from the two monovalent parent molecules still poses a potentially difficult purification challenge. Current methods employ ion exchange chromatography and linear salt gradients, but are only successful if the difference in the observed isoelectric points (pIs) of two parent molecules is relatively large. Here, we describe the use of highly linear pH gradients for the facile purification of common light chain BsAbs. The method is effective at separating molecules with differences in pI as little as 0.10, and differing in their sequence by only a single charged amino acid. We also demonstrate that purification resins validated for manufacturing are compatible with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Sharkey
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Sarat Pudi
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Ian Wallace Moyer
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Lihui Zhong
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Bianka Prinz
- b Department of Antibody Discovery , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Hemanta Baruah
- b Department of Antibody Discovery , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Heather Lynaugh
- c Department of Protein Analytics , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Sampath Kumar
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA.,b Department of Antibody Discovery , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Department of Protein Analytics , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Juergen H Nett
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
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18
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Multiple, simultaneous, independent gradients for a versatile multidimensional liquid chromatography. Part II: Application 1 - Large increases in isoform resolution of human transferrin by use of dual simultaneous independent gradients of pH & acetonitrile on a mixed bed (anion exchange plus reversed phase) stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1468:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Kluters S, Wittkopp F, Jöhnck M, Frech C. Application of linear pH gradients for the modeling of ion exchange chromatography: Separation of monoclonal antibody monomer from aggregates. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:663-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kluters
- Institute of Biochemistry; Mannheim University of Applied Sciences; Mannheim Germany
| | - Felix Wittkopp
- Institute of Biochemistry; Mannheim University of Applied Sciences; Mannheim Germany
| | - Matthias Jöhnck
- Biopharm Process Solutions; Merck Millipore; Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute of Biochemistry; Mannheim University of Applied Sciences; Mannheim Germany
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20
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Lee YF, Schmidt M, Graalfs H, Hafner M, Frech C. Modeling of dual gradient elution in ion exchange and mixed-mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1417:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Rapid analysis of charge variants of monoclonal antibodies using non-linear salt gradient in cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Talebi M, Shellie RA, Hilder EF, Lacher NA, Haddad PR. Semiautomated pH Gradient Ion-Exchange Chromatography of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9794-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502372r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talebi
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Robert A. Shellie
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Emily F. Hilder
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Nathan A. Lacher
- Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
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23
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Akimov V, Henningsen J, Hallenborg P, Rigbolt KTG, Jensen SS, Nielsen MM, Kratchmarova I, Blagoev B. StUbEx: Stable tagged ubiquitin exchange system for the global investigation of cellular ubiquitination. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4192-204. [PMID: 25093938 DOI: 10.1021/pr500549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with the small polypeptide ubiquitin plays a pivotal role in many cellular processes, altering protein lifespan, location, and function and regulating protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitination exerts its diverse functions through complex mechanisms by formation of different polymeric chains and subsequent recognition of the ubiquitin signal by specific protein interaction domains. Despite some recent advances in the analytical tools for the analysis of ubiquitination by mass spectrometry, there is still a need for additional strategies suitable for investigation of cellular ubiquitination at the proteome level. Here, we present a stable tagged ubiquitin exchange (StUbEx) cellular system in which endogenous ubiquitin is replaced with an epitope-tagged version, thereby allowing specific and efficient affinity purification of ubiquitinated proteins for global analyses of protein ubiquitination. Importantly, the overall level of ubiquitin in the cell remains virtually unchanged, thus avoiding ubiquitination artifacts associated with overexpression. The efficiency and reproducibility of the method were assessed through unbiased analysis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling by quantitative mass spectrometry, covering over 3400 potential ubiquitinated proteins. The StUbEx system is applicable to virtually any cell line and can be readily adapted to any of the ubiquitin-like post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Akimov
- Center for Experimental Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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24
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Choy DY, Creagh AL, von Lieres E, Haynes C. A new mixed-mode model for interpreting and predicting protein elution during isoelectric chromatofocusing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:925-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Y.C. Choy
- Michael Smith Laboratories; and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 231 Michael Smith Building Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - A. Louise Creagh
- Michael Smith Laboratories; and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 231 Michael Smith Building Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Michael Smith Laboratories; and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 231 Michael Smith Building Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology; Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
| | - Charles Haynes
- Michael Smith Laboratories; and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; 231 Michael Smith Building Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
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25
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Schmidt M, Hafner M, Frech C. Modeling of salt and pH gradient elution in ion-exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:5-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmidt
- Institute for Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute for Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
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26
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Talebi M, Nordborg A, Gaspar A, Lacher NA, Wang Q, He XZ, Haddad PR, Hilder EF. Charge heterogeneity profiling of monoclonal antibodies using low ionic strength ion-exchange chromatography and well-controlled pH gradients on monolithic columns. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Choy DY, Creagh AL, Haynes C. Improved isoelectric focusing chromatography on strong anion exchange media via a new model that custom designs mobile phases using simple buffers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:552-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Y.C. Choy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - A. Louise Creagh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Charles Haynes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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28
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Lingg N, Tan E, Hintersteiner B, Bardor M, Jungbauer A. Highly linear pH gradients for analyzing monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity in the alkaline range. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:65-71. [PMID: 24183595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies with high isoelectric point are frequent since most of them are constructed from the same framework. Classically, cation exchange chromatography is used as a standard method for the determination of antibody charge heterogeneity. In contrast, in this study highly linear pH gradients were achieved by keeping the buffering capacity over the length of the gradient constant. The buffering compounds were selected to be unretained on the column and their respective concentration was adjusted in the start and end buffer of the pH gradient to achieve constant buffering capacity. This helps conserve linearity and stability of the gradient. The method allows quantification of charge variant distribution and the determination of chromatographic isoelectric point. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel method, a ProPac WCX-10 column was used to separate isoforms of trastuzumab biosimilar antibodies. Effects of pH gradient linearity and of varying the analytical amount of sample on the separation are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, No. 06-01 Centros, 138668 Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Kröner F, Hubbuch J. Systematic generation of buffer systems for pH gradient ion exchange chromatography and their application. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1285:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Zhang L, Patapoff T, Farnan D, Zhang B. Improving pH gradient cation-exchange chromatography of monoclonal antibodies by controlling ionic strength. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1272:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Combining multidimensional liquid chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS for the fingerprint analysis of secreted peptides from the unexplored sea anemone species Phymanthus crucifer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 903:30-9. [PMID: 22824729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sea anemones are sources of biologically active proteins and peptides. However, up to date few peptidomic studies of these organisms are known; therefore most species and their peptide diversity remain unexplored. Contrasting to previous venom peptidomic works on sea anemones and other venomous animals, in the present study we combined pH gradient ion-exchange chromatography with gel filtration and reversed-phase chromatography, allowing the separation of the 1-10 kDa polypeptides from the secretion of the unexplored sea anemone Phymanthus crucifer (Cnidaria/Phymanthidae). This multidimensional chromatographic approach followed by MALDI-TOF-MS detection generated a peptide fingerprint comprising 504 different molecular mass values from acidic and basic peptides, being the largest number estimated for a sea anemone exudate. The peptide population within the 2.0-3.5 kDa mass range showed the highest frequency whereas the main biomarkers comprised acidic and basic peptides with molecular masses within 2.5-6.9 kDa, in contrast to the homogeneous group of 4-5 kDa biomarkers found in sea anemones such as B. granulifera and B. cangicum (Cnidaria/Actiniidae). Our study shows that sea anemone peptide fingerprinting can be greatly improved by including pH gradient ion-exchange chromatography into the multidimensional separation approach, complemented by MALDI-TOF-MS detection. This strategy allowed us to find the most abundant and unprecedented diversity of secreted components from a sea anemone exudate, indicating that the search for novel biologically active peptides from these organisms has much greater potential than previously predicted.
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32
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Wang F, Peklansky B, Anderson C, Wang Y, Rustandi RR. IMPROVED ION-EXCHANGED HPLC METHOD IN mAb USING pH GRADIENT AND ITS COMPARISON WITH cIEF. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.619035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- a Department of Bioanalytical and Bioprocess Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Brian Peklansky
- a Department of Bioanalytical and Bioprocess Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Carrie Anderson
- a Department of Bioanalytical and Bioprocess Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Yang Wang
- a Department of Bioanalytical and Bioprocess Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Richard R. Rustandi
- a Department of Bioanalytical and Bioprocess Research , Merck Research Laboratories , West Point , Pennsylvania , USA
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33
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Hirsh AG, Tsonev LI. Multiple, simultaneous, independent gradients for versatile multidimensional liquid chromatography. Part I: Theory. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1236:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Holstein MA, Nikfetrat AA, Gage M, Hirsh AG, Cramer SM. Improving selectivity in multimodal chromatography using controlled pH gradient elution. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1233:152-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Pultz D, Bennetzen MV, Rødkær SV, Zimmermann C, Enserink JM, Andersen JS, Færgeman NJ. Global mapping of protein phosphorylation events identifies Ste20, Sch9 and the cell-cycle regulatory kinases Cdc28/Pho85 as mediators of fatty acid starvation responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:796-803. [PMID: 22218487 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, degradation, and metabolism of fatty acids are strictly coordinated to meet the nutritional and energetic needs of cells and organisms. In the absence of exogenous fatty acids, proliferation and growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on endogenous synthesis of fatty acids, which is catalysed by fatty acid synthase. In the present study, we have used quantitative proteomics to examine the cellular response to inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified approximately 2000 phosphorylation sites of which more than 400 have been identified as being regulated in a temporal manner in response to inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by cerulenin. By bioinformatic analysis of these phosphorylation events, we have identified the cell cycle kinases Cdc28 and Pho85, the PAK kinase Ste20 as well as the protein kinase Sch9 as central mediators of the cellular response to inhibition of fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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36
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Selective adsorption of small proteins on large-pore anion exchangers coated with medium size proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Rozhkova A. Quantitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies by cation-exchange chromatofocusing. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5989-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Ng PK, He J, Snyder MA. Separation of protein mixtures using pH-gradient cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1372-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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