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Lai B, Mei F, Gu Y. Bifunctional Solid Catalyst for Organic Reactions in Water: Simultaneous Anchoring of Acetylacetone Ligands and Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid "Tags" by Using a Dihydropyran Linker. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2529-2542. [PMID: 29873190 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of solid catalysts to promote organic reactions in water faces the inherent difficulty of the poor mass-transfer efficiency of organic substances in water, which is often responsible for insufficient reaction and low yields. To solve this problem, the solid surface can be manipulated to become amphiphilic. However, the introduction of surfactant-like moieties onto the surface of silica-based materials is not easy. By using an accessible dihydropyran derivative as a grafting linker, a surfactant-combined bifunctional silica-based solid catalyst that possessed an ionic liquid tail and a metal acetylacetonate moiety was prepared through a mild Lewis-acid-catalyzed ring-opening reaction with a thiol-functionalized silica. The surfactant-combined silica-supported metal acetylacetone catalysts displayed excellent catalytic activity in water for a range of reactions. The solid catalyst was also shown to be recyclable, and was reused several times without significant loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Lai
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fuming Mei
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Liu D, Qiao T, Liu H, Wang X, Shi ZG. A simple approach to prepare a sulfone-embedded stationary phase for HPLC. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:877-885. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Ting Qiao
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zhi-guo Shi
- Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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Anezaki K, Matsuda A, Matsuishi T. Concentration and congener pattern of polychlorinated biphenyls in blubber and liver of Hubbs' beaked whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi), using a sulfoxide and an Ag-ION solid phase extraction cartridge as a simplified cleanup technique for biological samples. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:282-286. [PMID: 27707471 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed the first known study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations and patterns in the blubber and liver of a Hubbs' beaked whale. Samples were pretreated with Supelclean™ sulfoxide and Discovery® Ag-ION solid phase extraction cartridges to remove whale oil. PCB concentrations in the blubber and liver were 13,000 and 7300ng/g lipid, respectively. Highly poisonous congeners such as dioxin-like (DL) PCBs tended to accumulate in the liver. The toxic equivalents (TEQ) of DL-PCBs in the liver (740pg-TEQ/g lipid) were higher than those in the blubber (74pg-TEQ/g lipid). The blubber and liver samples showed that hexachlorinated biphenyls were dominant among homologues, and PCB-153 was dominant among congeners. Several congeners accumulated disproportionately in the blubber and the liver (PCB-28, 52, 74, 99, and 118), while others did not persist (PCB-31, 70, and 110). This indicates that PCBs are metabolized differently according to their specific composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Anezaki
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Matsuda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Cardiano P, Foti C, Mineo PG, Galletta M, Risitano F, Lo Schiavo S. Sequestration ability of task specific ionic liquids towards cations of environmental interest. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ndunda EN, Mizaikoff B. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the analysis and removal of polychlorinated aromatic compounds in the environment: a review. Analyst 2016; 141:3141-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00293e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers selective to polychlorinated aromatic compounds for application in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Ndunda
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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Anezaki K, Kannan N, Nakano T. Polychlorinated biphenyl contamination of paints containing polycyclic- and Naphthol AS-type pigments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14478-88. [PMID: 24809497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the concentrations and congener partners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in commercially available paints. Polycyclic-type pigments containing dioxazine violet (pigment violet (PV) 23, PV37) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (PR254, PR255) were found to contain PCB-56, PCB-77, PCB-40, PCB-5, and PCB-12, and PCB-6, PCB-13, and PCB-15, respectively, as major congeners. Dioxazine violet is contaminated with by-products during synthesis from o-dichlorobenzene, which is used as a solvent during synthesis, and diketopyrrolopyrrole is contaminated with by-products during synthesis from p-chlorobenzonitrile. The concentration of PCBs in paint containing PV23 or PV37 was 0.050-29 mg/kg, and toxic equivalency (TEQ) values ranged 1.1-160 pg-TEQ/g. The concentration of PCBs in paint containing PR254 or PR255 was 0.0019-2.4 mg/kg. Naphthol AS is an azo-type pigment, and PCB-52 was detected in paint containing pigment red (PR) 9 with 2,5-dichloroaniline as its source. PCB-146, PCB-149, and PCB-153 were identified from paint containing PR112 produced from 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, as major congeners. These congeners have chlorine positions similar to aniline, indicating that these congeners are by-products obtained during the synthesis of pigments. The concentrations of PCBs in paints containing PR9 and PR112 were 0.0042-0.43 and 0.0044-3.8 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding TEQ for PR112 was 0.0039-8.6 pg-TEQ/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Anezaki
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, N19W12, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Narayanan Kannan
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Anezaki K, Nakano T. Unintentional PCB in chlorophenylsilanes as a source of contamination in environmental samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 287:111-117. [PMID: 25634145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the concentrations and congener patterns of PCBs unintentionally present in chlorophenylsilanes. Chlorophenylsilanes are used in the production of silicone-based adhesives and phenyl silicones. The concentration of PCBs in adhesives was found to range from not-detectable concentrations to 40mg/kg. The concentrations of PCBs in trichlorophenylsilane, dichlorodiphenylsilane, chlorotriphenylsilane, and diphenylsilanediol were 0.00072-2.7, 6.5-1,500, 0.019-1.1, and 0.12-120mg/kg, respectively. Dichlorodiphenylsilane and diphenylsilanediol, in particular, had high PCB concentrations. The PCB concentration of some specimens exceeded the 50mg/kg limit set by the transportation regulations of the Stockholm Convention. In the adhesives and chlorophenylsilanes, mono- and di-chlorinated biphenyls were detected in high proportions. The congeners detected in dichlorinated biphenyls had a structure in which one chlorine atom was substituted at each of the two aryls of the biphenyl backbone. This indicated that the chlorobenzene used for synthesizing chlorophenylsilanes undergoes dimerization. The congener and homologue patterns of the adhesives containing PCBs were similar to dichlorodiphenylsilane and diphenylsilanediol. It was concluded that the production of the adhesives is based on these substances. In addition, these results indicate that silicone-based products may become a source of PCBs in the environment, leading to irregular PCB values in environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Anezaki
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, N19W12, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Anezaki K, Nakano T. Concentration levels and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls, pentachlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene in commercial pigments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:998-1009. [PMID: 23852585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentration levels and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), and hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz) were assessed in commercially available organic pigments. Among the azo-type pigments tested, PCB-11, which is synthesized from 3,3'-dichlorobendizine, and PCB-52, which is synthesized from 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobendizine, were the major congeners detected. It is speculated that these were byproducts of chlorobendizine, which has a very similar structure. The total PCB concentrations in this type of pigment ranged from 0.0070 to 740 mg/kg. Among the phthalocyanine-type pigments, highly chlorinated PCBs, mainly composed of PCB-209, PeCBz, and HxCBz were detected. Their concentration levels ranged from 0.011 to 2.5 mg/kg, 0.0035 to 8.4 mg/kg, and 0.027 to 75 mg/kg, respectively. It is suggested that PeCBz and HxCBz were formed as byproducts and converted into PCBs at the time of synthesizing the phthalocyanine green. For the polycyclic-type pigments that were assessed, a distinctive PCB congener profile was detected that suggested an impact of their raw materials and the organic solvent used in the pigment synthesis. PCB pollution from PCB-11, PCB-52, and PCB-209 pigments is of particular concern; therefore, the monthly variations in atmospheric concentrations of these pollutants were measured in an urban area (Sapporo city) and an industrial area (Muroran city). The study detected a certain level of PCB-11, which is not included in PCB technical mixtures, and revealed continuing PCB pollution originating from pigments in the ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Anezaki
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, N19W12, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan,
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Ruan J, Zuo X, Lang Q, Zeng Z, Li C. Preparation of a dibenzylated 1,4-diazacyclohexane-derived strong anion-exchange stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:77-84. [PMID: 23721810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the preparation of a novel, silica-based, strong anion-exchange stationary phase from a 1,4-diazacyclohexane derivative. To prepare the difunctional strong anion-exchange stationary phase, activated silica beads were first bonded with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane and then reacted with 1-methylpiperazine followed by benzyl chloride. The silica beads, the strong anion-exchange stationary phase and its precusors were instrumentally characterized. Aromatic acids were separated with non-aqueous anion-exchange chromatography. After elution with eluant prepared in mixed solvents of water and methanol, the resulting 1,4-diazacyclohexane-derived, difunctional, strong anion-exchange stationary phase exhibited good separation and selectivity for the aromatic acids investigated. The effects of eluant pH, eluant ion concentration and solvent composites on the separations were investigated. Organic acids with different substituents were eluted in order of decreasing dissociation coefficients, with no observable peak shape differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Tominaga Y, Kubo T, Kobayashi A, Yasuda K, Kato K, Hosoya K. Synthesis of novel polymer type sulfoxide solid phase combined with the porogen imprinting for enabling selective separation of polychlorinated biphenyls. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:378-382. [PMID: 22732300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel polymer type sulfoxide-modified solid phase enabling to achieve selective separation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from insulation oil. In this study, firstly we prepared base-polymer based on the concept of the molecular imprinting to capture PCBs in selectively, then, the sulfoxide groups were modified on the pore surface of base-polymers by changing preparation methods. As results of liquid chromatographic analyses for the polymers as columns, the base-polymer prepared by xylene as a porogenic solvent showed selective retention ability for chlorinated aromatic compounds by the porogen imprinting effect. Additionally, the polymer-type sulfoxide solid phases showed highly retention ability for PCBs by increasing amount of introduced sulfoxide groups. Consequently, the results of separation of PCBs comparing to insulation oil suggested that the prepared solid phase can be used for the selective separation of PCBs at the same level as a commercially available media utilized for the regulated method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tominaga
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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ZHU Y, AHMADY B, NUMATA M, CHIBA K. Solid Phase Extraction Using a Sulfoxide Adsorbent for Preconcentration and Separation of Hg(II) in Natural Water Followed by ICP-MS Measurements. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:417-21. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei ZHU
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Ben AHMADY
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masahiko NUMATA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Koichi CHIBA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Chen S, Morita Y, Saito K, Kameya H, Nakajima M, Todoriki S. Identification of irradiated prawn (Penaeus monodon ) using thermoluminescence and 2-alkylcyclobutanone analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:78-84. [PMID: 21138245 DOI: 10.1021/jf103439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermoluminescence (TL) and 2-alkylcyclobutanone (2-ACB) analyses were performed to identify irradiated prawns ( Penaeus monodon ). With the TL method, minerals were extracted from prawns using acid hydrolysis. The experimental results satisfied the evaluation criteria of European Norm (EN) 1788, even after low-dose irradiation (0.5 kGy) and a 60 day storage at -20 °C. With the 2-ACB method, 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-TCB) were successfully extracted from prawns by direct solvent extraction with purification using a conventional silica column and a sulfoxide column, which was used for 2-ACB for the first time. Both 2-ACB derivatives were absent from the non-irradiated samples but were identified in all irradiated samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Moreover, 2-DCB and 2-TCB production correlated with the applied dose (2.5-10 kGy), and the correlation did not diminish after 60 days of storage at -20 °C for any dose. Therefore, these two techniques provide rapid, simple, and promising methods for routine investigation of frozen prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Chen
- Food Safety Division, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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O'Sullivan GP, Scully NM, Glennon JD. Polar-Embedded and Polar-Endcapped Stationary Phases for LC. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003653973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Separation of PCBs by liquid chromatography on reversed phase sub-2-micron particle columns. Talanta 2010; 80:1849-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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