1
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Codesido S, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Algorithms to optimize multi-column chromatographic separations of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461838. [PMID: 33422794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to provide a technical solution for the automated optimization of multi-column systems for protein separation and fractionation. Both algorithm and a software that can be downloaded are provided. In this algorithm, the length and order of the individual column segments can be considered. Various solutions are provided by the algorithm, including i) to obtain uniform peak distribution, ii) to park the different species at the inlet of the individual column segments, and iii) to elute all species as a single peak. Two representative examples are presented, showing the possibility to obtain uniform selectivity between monoclonal antibody (mAb) sub-units, and the on-column fractioning of intact mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Codesido
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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2
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Methods to determine the kinetic performance limit of contemporary chromatographic techniques. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:323-339. [PMID: 32902146 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
By combining separation efficiency data as a function of flow rate with the column permeability, the kinetic plot method allows to determine the limits of separation power (time vs. efficiency) of different chromatographic techniques and methods. The technique can be applied for all different types of chromatography (liquid, gas, or supercritical fluid), for different types of column morphologies (packed beds, monoliths, open tubular, micromachined columns), for pressure and electro-driven separations and in both isocratic and gradient elution mode. The present contribution gives an overview of the methods and calculations required to correctly determine these kinetic performance limits and their underlying limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Fekete S, Ritchie H, Lawhorn J, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Improving selectivity and performing online on-column fractioning in liquid chromatography for the separation of therapeutic biopharmaceutical products. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Beccaria M, Cabooter D. Current developments in LC-MS for pharmaceutical analysis. Analyst 2020; 145:1129-1157. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) based techniques in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) detection have had a large impact on the development of new pharmaceuticals in the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beccaria
- KU Leuven
- Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven
- Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Leuven
- Belgium
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5
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Codesido S, Rudaz S, Guillarme D, Horváth K, Fekete S. Apparent efficiency of serially coupled columns in gradient elution liquid chromatography: Extension to the combination of any column formats. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1588:159-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Dores-Sousa JL, De Vos J, Eeltink S. Resolving power in liquid chromatography: A trade-off between efficiency and analysis time. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:38-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Dores-Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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7
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Fekete S, Codesido S, Rudaz S, Guillarme D, Horváth K. Apparent efficiency of serially coupled columns in isocratic and gradient elution modes. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:121-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Methodologies to determine b-term coefficients revisited. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:124-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Yakubenko E, Korolev A, Chapala P, Bermeshev M, Kanateva A, Kurganov A. New stationary phases for gas chromatography based on polymers with intrinsic porosity. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 986:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Wang B, Liu XH, Zhou W, Hong Y, Feng SL. Fast separation of flavonoids by supercritical fluid chromatography using a column packed with a sub-2 μm particle stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1410-1420. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of Technical Center; Gansu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao-hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Technical Center; Gansu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Shi-lan Feng
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
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11
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Groskreutz SR, Weber SG. Graphical Method for Choosing Optimized Conditions Given a Pump Pressure and a Particle Diameter in Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11742-11749. [PMID: 27790917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The general limitations on liquid chromatographic performance in isocratic and gradient elution are now well understood. Many workers have contributed to this understanding and to developing graphical methods, or plots, to illustrate the capabilities of chromatographic systems over a wide range of values of operational parameters. These have been invaluable in getting a picture, in broad strokes, about the value of changing an operational parameter or the value of one separation approach over another. Here we present a plotting approach more appropriate for determining how to use chromatography most efficiently in one's own laboratory. The axes are linear: column length vertical and mobile phase velocity horizontal. In this coordinate system, straight lines with intercept zero correspond to different values of t0. Hyperbolas correspond to values of pressure as the product of length and velocity is proportional to pressure. For a given relationship between theoretical plate height and velocity (e.g., van Deemter), the number of theoretical plates as a function of column length and mobile phase velocity is a surface (z direction) to the x and y of velocity and length. By representing the surface as contours, a two-dimensional plot results. Any point along a constant pressure hyperbola represents the best one can do given the particle diameter, solute diffusion coefficient, and temperature. The user can quickly see how to use the pressure for speed or for more theoretical plates. Sets of such plots allow for comparisons among particle diameters or temperatures. Analogous plots of peak capacity for gradient elution are equally revealing. The plots lead instantly to understanding liquid chromatographic optimization at a practical level. They neatly illustrate the value (or not) of changing pump pressure, particle diameter, or temperature for fast or slow separations in either isocratic or gradient elution. They are illustrated with a focus on maximizing plate count with a given analysis time (isocratic), the effect of volume overload (isocratic), and separations of a limited number of peptides with a peak capacity coming from statistical peak overlap theory (gradient).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Groskreutz
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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12
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Loos G, Van Schepdael A, Cabooter D. Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150366. [PMID: 27644982 PMCID: PMC5031633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Loos
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Begnaud F, Chaintreau A. Good quantification practices of flavours and fragrances by mass spectrometry. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0365. [PMID: 27644977 PMCID: PMC5031632 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometric detection have been increasingly used to monitor the rapidly expanded list of regulated flavour and fragrance ingredients. This trend entails a need for good quantification practices suitable for complex media, especially for multi-analytes. In this article, we present experimental precautions needed to perform the analyses and ways to process the data according to the most recent approaches. This notably includes the identification of analytes during their quantification and method validation, when applied to real matrices, based on accuracy profiles. A brief survey of application studies based on such practices is given.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Begnaud
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Alain Chaintreau
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
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14
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Korolev A, Shyrayeva V, Popova T, Kanateva A, Kurganov A. Kinetic performance of stationary phases for gas chromatography based on poly(oligoethyleneglycoldiacrylate). J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Kurganov A, Kanateva A, Yakubenko E. Application of kinetic plots in gas and liquid chromatography for the optimization of separation conditions. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:162-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Yakubenko
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; RAS; Moscow Russia
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16
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The many faces of packed column supercritical fluid chromatography – A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:2-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. The future of UHPLC: Towards higher pressure and/or smaller particles? Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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DeStefano JJ, Boyes BE, Schuster SA, Miles WL, Kirkland JJ. Are sub-2 μm particles best for separating small molecules? An alternative. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:163-72. [PMID: 25441351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Superficially porous particles (SPP) in the 2.5-2.7 μm range provide almost the same efficiency and resolution of sub-2 μm totally porous particles (TPP), but at one-half to one-third of the operating pressure. The advantage of SPP has led to the introduction of sub-2 μm SPP as a natural extension of this technology. While short columns of both SPP and TPP sub-2 μm particles allow very fast separations, the efficiency advantages of these very small particles often are not realized nor sufficient to overcome some of the practical limitations and disadvantages of such small particles. Advantages and disadvantages of columns packed with sub-2 μm particles are described for comparison with the characteristics of larger particles. The authors conclude that while sub-2 μm particles have utility in research studies, columns of larger particles are often better suited for most applications. A suggested 2.0 μm superficially porous particle diameter retains many of the advantages of sub-2 μm particles, but minimizes some of the disadvantages. The characteristics of these new 2.0 μm SPP are described in studies comparing some present sub-2 μm SPP commercial columns for efficiency, column bed homogeneity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J DeStefano
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
| | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
| | - Stephanie A Schuster
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA.
| | - William L Miles
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
| | - Joseph J Kirkland
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
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19
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De Smet S, Lynen F. Kinetic performance evaluation and perspectives of contemporary packed column capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Kahsay G, Broeckhoven K, Adams E, Desmet G, Cabooter D. Kinetic performance comparison of fully and superficially porous particles with a particle size of 5 µm: Intrinsic evaluation and application to the impurity analysis of griseofulvin. Talanta 2014; 122:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Khater S, West C, Lesellier E. Characterization of five chemistries and three particle sizes of stationary phases used in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:148-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Germán-Hernández M, Crespo-Llabrés P, Pino V, Ayala JH, Afonso AM. Utilization of an ionic liquid in situ
preconcentration method for the determination of the 15 + 1 European Union polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water and fruit-tea infusions. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2496-506. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Germán-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna (Tenerife) Spain
| | - Pilar Crespo-Llabrés
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna (Tenerife) Spain
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna (Tenerife) Spain
| | - Juan H. Ayala
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna (Tenerife) Spain
| | - Ana M. Afonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna (Tenerife) Spain
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23
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De Bruyne S, De Malsche W, Fekete V, Thienpont H, Ottevaere H, Gardeniers H, Desmet G. Exploring the speed limits of liquid chromatography using shear-driven flows through 45 and 85 nm deep nano-channels. Analyst 2013; 138:6127-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Comparison of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1266:158-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Diószegi TA, Raynie DE. Kinetic performance comparison of a capillary monolithic and a fused-core column in micro-scale liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Vaast A, De Vos J, Broeckhoven K, Verstraeten M, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Maximizing the peak capacity using coupled columns packed with 2.6μm core–shell particles operated at 1200bar. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Wang X, Barber WE, Long WJ. Applications of superficially porous particles: High speed, high efficiency or both? J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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DeStefano J, Kirkland J. A Brief History of Superficially Porous Particles. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2012; 50:281-96. [DOI: 10.1201/b11636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Cabooter D, Desmet G. Performance limits and kinetic optimization of parallel and serially connected multi-column systems spanning a wide range of efficiencies for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1219:114-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Sarazin C, Thiébaut D, Sassiat P, Vial J. Feasibility of ultra high performance supercritical neat carbon dioxide chromatography at conventional pressures. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2773-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Kinetic performance of reversed-phase C18 high-performance liquid chromatography columns compared by means of the Kinetic Plot Method in pharmaceutically relevant applications. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3351-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Miyazaki S, Takahashi M, Ohira M, Terashima H, Morisato K, Nakanishi K, Ikegami T, Miyabe K, Tanaka N. Monolithic silica rod columns for high-efficiency reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1988-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lesellier E, Fougere L, Poe DP. Kinetic behaviour in supercritical fluid chromatography with modified mobile phase for 5μm particle size and varied flow rates. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2058-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fanigliulo A, Cabooter D, Bellazzi G, Tramarin D, Allieri B, Rottigni A, Desmet G. Comparison of performance of high-performance liquid chromatography columns packed with superficially and fully porous 2.5 μm particles using kinetic plots. J Sep Sci 2011; 33:3655-65. [PMID: 21104797 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A recently introduced 2.5 μm fully porous support (Kromasil Eternity) is compared with three different brands of superficially porous material (Kinetex, Halo and Poroshell 120) by means of the kinetic plot method using pharmaceutical compounds from GlaxoSmithKline as probe molecules. The kinetic plot method immediately shows the range of plate numbers wherein a support performs better than another. Results from experiments carried out at pH 4.5 and 8.0 are presented in order to assess the pH stability of the tested phases. Moreover, since all supports are able to withstand pressures higher than 400 bar, they have been evaluated both on HPLC and UHPLC instrumentation. True average particle sizes were determined by SEM images taken from loose stationary phases. Kinetex outperforms the other columns in HPLC conditions for practically relevant efficiencies, but shows poor packing quality in the 100×2.1-mm format. Kromasil is advantageous for simple and fast separations on short columns both in HPLC and in UHPLC conditions. Halo achieves the highest efficiencies of all columns at the lowest pressure cost and shows a noticeable lower axial diffusion. Poroshell 120 has the best packing quality reproducibility across the tested formats. All columns preserve their performance at high pH.
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Causon TJ, Broeckhoven K, Hilder EF, Shellie RA, Desmet G, Eeltink S. Kinetic performance optimisation for liquid chromatography: Principles and practice. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:877-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carr PW, Stoll DR, Wang X. Perspectives on recent advances in the speed of high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1890-900. [PMID: 21341777 DOI: 10.1021/ac102570t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most consistent trend in the development of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) since its inception in the 1960s has been the continuing reach for ever faster analyses. The pioneering work of Knox, Horvath, Halasz, and Guiochon set forth a theoretical framework that was used early on to improve the speed of HPLC, primarily through the commercialization of smaller and smaller particles. Over the past decade, approaches to improving the speed of HPLC have become more diverse, and now practitioners of HPLC are faced with the difficult task of deciding which of these approaches will lead them to the fastest analysis for their application. Digesting the rich literature on the optimization of HPLC is a difficult task in itself, which is further complicated by contradictory marketing messages from competing commercial outlets for HPLC technology. In this perspectives article we provide an overview of the theoretical and practical aspects of the principal modern approaches to improving the speed of HPLC. We present a straightforward theoretical basis, informed by decades of literature on the problem of optimization, that is useful for comparing different technologies for improving the speed of HPLC. Through mindful optimization of conditions, high-performance separations on the subminute timescale are now possible and becoming increasingly common under both isocratic and gradient elution conditions. Certainly the continued development of ultrafast separations will play an important role in the development of two-dimensional HPLC separations. Despite the relatively long history of HPLC as an analytical technique, there is no sign of a slow-down in the development of novel HPLC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Carr
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
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Causon TJ, Hilder EF, Shellie RA, Haddad PR. Probing the kinetic performance limits for ion chromatography. I. Isocratic conditions for small ions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5057-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Causon TJ, Hilder EF, Shellie RA, Haddad PR. Probing the kinetic performance limits for ion chromatography. II. Gradient conditions for small ions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5063-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lestremau F, Wu D, Szücs R. Evaluation of 1.0mm i.d. column performances on ultra high pressure liquid chromatography instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4925-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Oláh E, Fekete S, Fekete J, Ganzler K. Comparative study of new shell-type, sub-2μm fully porous and monolith stationary phases, focusing on mass-transfer resistance. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3642-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Causon TJ, Shellie RA, Hilder EF. Kinetic performance appraisal of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monolithic high-performance liquid chromatography columns for biomolecule analysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3765-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Broeckhoven K, Cabooter D, Lynen F, Sandra P, Desmet G. The kinetic plot method applied to gradient chromatography: Theoretical framework and experimental validation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2787-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Towards a solution for viscous heating in ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography using intermediate cooling. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2022-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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High-efficiency hydrophilic interaction chromatography by coupling 25cm×4.6mm ID×5μm silica columns and operation at 80°C. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:514-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Cabooter D, Decrop W, Eeltink S, Swart R, Ursem M, Lestremau F, Desmet G. Automatic Column Coupling System To Operate Chromatographic Supports Closer To Their Kinetic Performance Limit and To Enhance Method Development. Anal Chem 2009; 82:1054-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902404v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Cabooter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
| | - Wim Decrop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
| | - Remco Swart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
| | - Mario Ursem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
| | - François Lestremau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Dionex Corporation, Abberdaan 114, 1046 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT139NJ, U.K
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Guillarme D, Ruta J, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. New trends in fast and high-resolution liquid chromatography: a critical comparison of existing approaches. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 397:1069-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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McCalley DV. The challenges of the analysis of basic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography: some possible approaches for improved separations. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:858-80. [PMID: 20031138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review considers some of the difficulties encountered with the analysis of ionised bases using reversed-phase chromatography, such as detrimental interaction with column silanol groups, and overloading which both lead to poor peak shapes. Methods of overcoming these problems in reversed-phase (RP) separations, by judicious selection of the column and mobile phase conditions, are discussed. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography is considered as an alternative method for the separation of some basic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V McCalley
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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Nováková L, Vlčková H. A review of current trends and advances in modern bio-analytical methods: Chromatography and sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 656:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Optimizing the peak capacity per unit time in one-dimensional and off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the separation of complex peptide samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7368-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Fountain KJ, Neue UD, Grumbach ES, Diehl DM. Effects of extra-column band spreading, liquid chromatography system operating pressure, and column temperature on the performance of sub-2-μm porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5979-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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