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Bai B, Guo Y, Meng S, Gong Y, Bo T, Zhang J, Shen D, Fan S, Yang Y. Determination of insecticide residues in beverages based on MIL-100(Fe) dispersive solid-phase microextraction in combination with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2024; 453:139660. [PMID: 38761738 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel dispersive solid-phase microextraction method based on a metal-organic framework (MIL-100(Fe)) combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique was proposed for the extraction and enrichment of four insecticides in beverages. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of these insecticides was conducted using HPLC-MS/MS. To optimize the extraction process, several parameters were investigated, and the main variables were optimized using CCD-based RSM. The developed method displayed a wide linear range of 1.000-1000 ng/L and R2 values >0.993 for all four calibration curves. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with LODs and LOQs of 0.3-0.6 ng/L and 0.8-1.0 ng/L, respectively. In addition, the greenness of the proposed method was assessed using the Complex GAPI tool, and the results showed that the proposed method exhibits benefits, such as minimal usage of organic solvents and negligible matrix influence, making it a suitable method for the detection of insecticide residues in beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Bai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,; Xinghuacun College of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Siyuan Meng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yaozhong Gong
- Inspection and Testing Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031, China,; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety Prevention and Control, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Tao Bo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,; Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,; Xinghuacun College of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Dan Shen
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Sanhong Fan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,; Xinghuacun College of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yukun Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,; Xinghuacun College of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,.
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Nascimento LES, Thapa B, Oliveira WDS, Rodrigues PR, Godoy HT, Anderson JL. Multivariate optimization for extraction of 2-methylimidazole and 4-methylimidazole from açaí-based food products using polymeric ionic liquid-based sorbent coatings in solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 444:138593. [PMID: 38310774 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polymeric ionic liquids featuring different functional moieties were applied as sorbent coatings in direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) for the extraction of 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) and 4-methylimidazole (4-MI) from açaí-based food products followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The analytical method was optimized using a sequential experimental design. Variables used in GC-MS such as desorption time, as well as for SPME-DI, including extraction time, extraction temperature, incubation time of extraction, amount of NaCl in the extract, and stirring rate, were optimized. The fitness-for-purpose of the method was verified by the linearity of matrix-matched calibration curves (R2 ≥ 0.9921), adequate recoveries (81.7-89.7 %), and precision (relative standard deviations ≤11.2 %). The method was applied to twenty-five samples of açaí-based food products. 4-MI was found in four samples whereas 2-MI was not detected above the limit of detection. The method was found to be suitable for quality control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Silva Nascimento
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bhawana Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wellington da Silva Oliveira
- Reference Laboratory for Physical, Sensory and Statistics Analysis, Science and Food Quality Center, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Avenida Brasil 2880, 13070-178 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Plínio Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Delove Tegladza I, Qi T, Chen T, Alorku K, Tang S, Shen W, Kong D, Yuan A, Liu J, Lee HK. Direct immersion single-drop microextraction of semi-volatile organic compounds in environmental samples: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122403. [PMID: 32126428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-drop microextraction (SDME) techniques are efficient approaches to pretreatment of aqueous samples. The main advantage of SDME lies in the miniaturization of the solvent extraction process, minimizing the hazards associated with the use of toxic organic solvents. Thus, SDME techniques are cost-effective, and represent less harm to the environment, subscribing to green analytical chemistry principles. In practice, two main approaches can be used to perform SDME - direct immersion (DI)-SDME and headspace (HS)-SDME. Even though the DI-SDME has been shown to be quite effective for extraction and enrichment of various organic compounds, applications of DI-SDME are normally more suitable for moderately polar and non-polar semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) using organic solvents which are immiscible with water. In this review, we present a historical overview and current advances in DI-SDME, including the common analytical tools which are usually coupled with DI-SDME. The review also focuses on applications concerning SVOCs in environmental samples. Currents trends in DI-SDME and possible future direction of the procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Delove Tegladza
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tong Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kingdom Alorku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Dezhao Kong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Dugheri S, Mucci N, Bonari A, Marrubini G, Cappelli G, Ubiali D, Campagna M, Montalti M, Arcangeli G. Liquid phase microextraction techniques combined with chromatography analysis: a review. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is the first and the most important step of an analytical procedure. In routine analysis, liquid–liquid microextraction (LLE) is the most widely used sample pre-treatment technique, whose goal is to isolate the target analytes, provide enrichment, with cleanup to lower the chemical noise, and enhance the signal. The use of extensive volumes of hazardous organic solvents and production of large amounts of waste make LLE procedures unsuitable for modern, highly automated laboratories, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly. In the past two decades, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) was introduced to overcome these drawbacks. Thanks to the need of only a few microliters of extraction solvent, LPME techniques have been widely adopted by the scientific community. The aim of this review is to report on the state-of-the-art LPME techniques used in gas and liquid chromatography. Attention was paid to the classification of the LPME operating modes, to the historical contextualization of LPME applications, and to the advantages of microextraction in methods respecting the value of green analytical chemistry. Technical aspects such as description of methodology selected in method development for routine use, specific variants of LPME developed for complex matrices, derivatization, and enrichment techniques are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dugheri
- 1 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonari
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cappelli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- 4 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manfredi Montalti
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Makahleh A, Cheng KW, Saad B, Aboul-Enein HY. Hollow fiber based liquid phase microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) method for the trace determination of carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids, has been described. The separation was achieved using Inertsil ODS-3 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column with a mobile phase composition of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)–acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, under isocratic elution. Several parameters (i.e., type of organic solvent, donor phase pH, concentration of acceptor phase (AP), stirring rate, extraction time, and salt addition) that affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. The optimum HF-LPME conditions were as follows: dihexyl ether as an organic solvent; donor phase pH, 10.7; 0.1 M HCl (AP); 1100-rpm stirring rate; 60-min extraction time; and no salt addition. These parameters have been confirmed using design of experiments. Under these conditions, an enrichment factor of 273-fold was achieved. Good linearity and correlation coefficient were obtained over the range 5–1000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9994). Limits of detection and quantitation were 1.2 and 3.7 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation at 3 different concentration levels (5, 500, and 1000 ng/mL) were less than 13.2%. Recoveries for spiked urine and plasma were in the range 80.7–114%. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and suitable for the determination of carvedilol in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Makahleh
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Kek Wan Cheng
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- 3 Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department and Institute for Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- 4 Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Basheer C, Kamran M, Ashraf M, Lee HK. Enhancing liquid-phase microextraction efficiency through chemical reactions. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Gjelstad A. Three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:32-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shahrestani M, Tehrani MS, Shoeibi S, Aberoomand Azar P, Waqif Husain S. Comparison between Different Extraction Methods for Determination of Primary Aromatic Amines in Food Simulant. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:1651629. [PMID: 29888024 PMCID: PMC5977034 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1651629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary aromatic amines (PAAs) are food contaminants which may exist in packaged food. Polyurethane (PU) adhesives which are used in flexible packaging are the main source of PAAs. It is the unreacted diisocyanates which in fact migrate to foodstuff and then hydrolyze to PAAs. These PAAs include toluenediamines (TDAs) and methylenedianilines (MDAs), and the selected PAAs were 2,4-TDA, 2,6-TDA, 4,4'-MDA, 2,4'-MDA, and 2,2'-MDA. PAAs have genotoxic, carcinogenic, and allergenic effects. In this study, extraction methods were applied on a 3% acetic acid as food simulant which was spiked with the PAAs under study. Extraction methods were liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C18 ec (octadecyl), HR-P (styrene/divinylbenzene), and SCX (strong cationic exchange) cartridges. Extracted samples were detected and analyzed by HPLC-UV. In comparison between methods, recovery rate of SCX cartridge showed the best adsorption, up to 91% for polar PAAs (TDAs and MDAs). The interested PAAs are polar and relatively soluble in water, so a cartridge with cationic exchange properties has the best absorption and consequently the best recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shahrestani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), MOH, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saber Tehrani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azad University, Sciences and Researches Branch, P.O. Box 14515-775, Poonak-Hesarak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), MOH, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Chemistry, Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), MOH, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Aberoomand Azar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Waqif Husain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Wang X, Li Y, Cai F, Qing Q, Yuan K, Chen B, Luan T. Fully automatic single-drop microextraction with one-setp extraction and derivatization and its application for rapid analysis of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawaters. Talanta 2017; 164:727-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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He Y, Zhao XE, Zhu S, Wei N, Sun J, Zhou Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Chen G, Suo Y, You J. In situ derivatization-ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of neurotransmitters in Parkinson's rat brain microdialysates by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1458:70-81. [PMID: 27372412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous monitoring of several neurotransmitters (NTs) linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) has important scientific significance for PD related pathology, pharmacology and drug screening. A new simple, fast and sensitive analytical method, based on in situ derivatization-ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (in situ DUADLLME) in a single step, has been proposed for the quantitative determination of catecholamines and their biosynthesis precursors and metabolites in rat brain microdialysates. The method involved the rapid injection of the mixture of low toxic bromobenzene (extractant) and acetonitrile (dispersant), which containing commercial Lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride (LRSC) as derivatization reagent, into the aqueous phase of sample and buffer, and the following in situ DUADLLME procedure. After centrifugation, 50μL of the sedimented phase (bromobenzene) was directly injected for ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This interesting combination brought the advantages of speediness, simpleness, low matrix effects and high sensitivity in an effective way. Parameters of in situ DUADLLME and UHPLC-MS/MS conditions were all optimized in detail. The optimum conditions of in situ DUADLLME were found to be 30μL of microdialysates, 150μL of acetonitrile containing LRSC, 50μL of bromobenzene and 800μL of NaHCO3-Na2CO3 buffer (pH 10.5) for 3.0min at 37°C. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was observed with LODs (S/N>3) and LOQs (S/N>10) of LRSC derivatized-NTs in the range of 0.002-0.004 and 0.007-0.015 nmol/L, respectively. It also brought good precision (3.2-12.8%, peak area CVs%), accuracy (94.2-108.6%), recovery (94.5-105.5%) and stability (3.8-8.1%, peak area CVs%) results. Moreover, LRSC derivatization significantly improved chromatographic resolution and MS detection sensitivity of NTs when compared with the reported studies through the introduction of a permanent charged moiety from LRSC into NTs. Taken together, this in situ DUADLLME method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of six NTs in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Na Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources & Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Yubi Zhou
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources & Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yourui Suo
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources & Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Jinmao You
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources & Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, PR China.
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Shirkhanloo H, Ghazaghi M, Mousavi HZ. Cadmium determination in human biological samples based on trioctylmethyl ammonium thiosalicylate as a task-specific ionic liquid by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Zhao XE, Lv T, Zhu S, Qu F, Chen G, He Y, Wei N, Li G, Xia L, Sun Z, Zhang S, You J, Liu S, Liu Z, Sun J, Liu S. Dual ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with microwave-assisted derivatization for simultaneous determination of 20( S )-protopanaxadiol and 20( S )-protopanaxatriol by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Li J, Jia S, Yoon SJ, Lee SJ, Kwon SW, Lee J. Ion-pair dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction solidification of floating organic droplets method for the rapid and sensitive detection of phenolic acids in wine samples using liquid chromatography combined with a core–shell particle column. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Chaieb N, López-Mesas M, Luis González J, Mars M, Valiente M. Hollow fibre liquid phase micro-extraction by facilitated anionic exchange for the determination of flavonoids in faba beans (Vicia faba L.). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:346-352. [PMID: 26046919 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found ubiquitously in foods of plant origin. They are commonly extracted from plant materials with ethanol, methanol, water, their combination or even with acidified extracting solutions. The disadvantages of these methods are the use of high quantity of organic solvent, the possible loss of analytes in the different steps and the laborious process of the techniques. In addition, the complexity of the phenolic mixtures present in plant materials requires a preliminary clean-up and fractionation of the crude extracts. OBJECTIVE To develop a hollow fibre liquid phase micro-extraction (HF-LPME) method for a one step clean-up and pre-concentration of flavonoids. METHODOLOGY Two flavonoids (catechin and rutin) has been extracted by HF-LPME and analysed by HPLC. The related driving force for the liquid membrane has been studied by means of facilitated and non-facilitated transport. Different ionic and non-ionic water insoluble compounds [trioctylamine (TOA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and methyltrioctylammonium chloride (aliquat 336)] were used as carriers. The liquid membrane was constituted by a solution of n-decanol in the presence or absence of carriers. RESULTS Maximum enrichment factors were obtained with n-decanol/aliquat 336 (20%) as organic liquid membrane, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.1 M) as donor solution, sodium chloride (NaCl) (2 M) as acceptor solution and 3 h as extraction time. Under these conditions, good results for validation parameters were obtained [for linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and repeatability]. CONCLUSIONS The developed method is simple, effective and has been successfully applied to determine catechin and rutin in ethanolic extracts of faba beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chaieb
- Centre Grup de Tècniques de Separació en Química (GTS), Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agro-Biodiversity Unit, Higher Agronomic Institute (ISA), University of Sousse-IRESA, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
- Regional Office of Agriculture Development Research Semi Arid North West, B.P. 221-7100, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Montserrat López-Mesas
- Centre Grup de Tècniques de Separació en Química (GTS), Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Johannes Luis González
- Centre Grup de Tècniques de Separació en Química (GTS), Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Messaoud Mars
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agro-Biodiversity Unit, Higher Agronomic Institute (ISA), University of Sousse-IRESA, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Centre Grup de Tècniques de Separació en Química (GTS), Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Płotka-Wasylka JM, Morrison C, Biziuk M, Namieśnik J. Chemical derivatization processes applied to amine determination in samples of different matrix composition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4693-718. [PMID: 26023865 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M Płotka-Wasylka
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Calum Morrison
- ‡Forensic Medicine and Science, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Biziuk
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Melo A, Ferreira IMPLVO, Mansilha C. Application of a fast and cost-effective in situ derivatization method prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to monitor endocrine disruptors in water matrices. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1983-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armindo Melo
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia; Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia; Faculdade de Farmácia-Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Catarina Mansilha
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
- REQUIMTE; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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18
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Evaluation of IL-ATPS and IL-MAE for Simultaneous Determination of Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators in Sediment. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Yong S, Chen Y, Lee TK, Lee HK. Determination of total thyroxine in human serum by hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 126:163-9. [PMID: 24881548 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Determination of total thyroxine in human serum using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) has been accomplished for the first time. HF-LPME serves as an inexpensive sample pretreatment and the cleanup method that is nearly solvent-free. Thyroxine was extracted through a water immiscible organic solvent immobilized in the wall pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber into 20μl of an aqueous acceptor phase inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. This technique produced extracts that had comparable cleanness with those obtained using solid-phase extraction (SPE). Serum samples with endogenous thyroxine were spiked with isotopically-labeled thyroxine and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after HF-LPME extraction. Extraction parameters including the organic phase, acid/base concentration of acceptor phase, stirring speed and extraction time were optimized. The calibration range was found to be linear over 1-1000ng/g with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 ng/g. For quantification of total thyroxine in human serum, 6 subsamples were prepared and the results indicated very good precision with a relative standard deviation of <1.3%. The difference from the SPE method was less than 1.2%, with independent t-test showing insignificant bias. Two reference materials of human serum were analyzed, and our obtained values were compared with the reference values. The results showed very good precision with RSD around 0.2% and the deviation from the reference values were -3.1% and -2.1%. The newly developed method is precise, accurate, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Yong
- Chemical Metrology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Chemical Metrology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528, Singapore.
| | - Tong Kooi Lee
- Chemical Metrology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528, Singapore
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Farajzadeh MA, Nouri N, Khorram P. Derivatization and microextraction methods for determination of organic compounds by gas chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Al-Zahrani I, Basheer C, Htun T. Application of liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of sulfur compounds in crude oil and diesel. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1330:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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23
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Peng B, Zhang J, Wu C, Li S, Li Y, Gao H, Lu R, Zhou W. USE OF IONIC LIQUID-BASED DISPERSIVE LIQUID–LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TO DETECT FORMALDEHYDE IN AIR, WATER, AND SOIL SAMPLES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.758145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Peng
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Chenghao Wu
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Songqing Li
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Yubo Li
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Runhua Lu
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan , Beijing , China
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Abstract
AbstractLiquid-based micro-extraction is a novel “green” sample preparation technique using micro-litre levels of organic solvent to extract target analytes from various sample matrices for subsequent instrumental analysis. This technique developed rapidly from its introduction in the mid-1990s. Micro-extraction methods can be conveniently combined with a wide selection of instruments commonly used in a chemical laboratory; they significantly reduce analysis time and costs of solvents’ use and waste disposal. This review focuses on recent advances in several liquid-based micro-extraction methods, including single-drop micro-extraction, hollow fibre-liquid phase micro-extraction, and dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction. Examples of application of these methods to environmental, food, and biomedical analysis are listed.
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Ben-Hander GM, Makahleh A, Saad B, Saleh MI. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for the determination of trace amounts of metformin hydrochloride (anti-diabetic drug) in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 941:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Ferreira AMC, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM. In situ aqueous derivatization as sample preparation technique for gas chromatographic determinations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:70-83. [PMID: 23726081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of derivatization reactions is a common practice in analytical laboratories. Although in many cases it is tedious and time-consuming, it does offer a good alternative for the determination of analytes not compatible to gas chromatography. Many of the reactions reported in the literature occur in organic medium. However, in situ aqueous derivatization reactions, which can be performed directly in aqueous medium, offer important advantages over those mentioned above, such as no need of a previous extraction step and easy automation. Here we review the most recent developments and applications of in situ aqueous derivatization. The discussion focuses on the derivatization reactions used for the determination of alcohols and phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds and thiols in different aqueous matrices, such as environmental, biological and food samples. Several reactions are described for each functional group (acylation, alkylation, esterification, among others) and, in some cases, the same reagents can be used for several functional groups, such that there is an unavoidable overlap between sections. Finally, attention is also focused on the techniques used for the introduction of the derivatives formed in the aqueous medium into the chromatographic system. The implementation of in situ aqueous derivatization coupled to preconcentration techniques has permitted the enhancement of recoveries and improvements in the separation, selectivity and sensitivity of the analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casas Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Park YK, Chung WY, Kim B, Kye YS, Shin MS, Kim D. Ion-Pair Single-Drop Microextraction Determinations of Degradation Products of Chemical Warfare Agents in Water. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Poole CF. Alkylsilyl derivatives for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:2-14. [PMID: 23465130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkylsilyl reagents are the most widely used reagents for the derivatization of polar compounds containing labile hydrogen atoms for gas chromatography. In this article the reagents and reaction conditions for the formation of trimethylsilyl, alkyldimethylsilyl (particularly t-butyldimethylsilyl), cyclic siliconides, haloalkyldimethylsilyl, and flophemesyl (pentafluorophenyldimethylsilyl) derivatives for a wide range of functional groups are reviewed. The importance of steric hindrance on reaction rates and completion, choice of reaction conditions, stability of derivatives, and options for selective detection are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Oliveira AFF, de Figueiredo EC, dos Santos-Neto ÁJ. Analysis of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma by liquid-phase microextraction and injection port derivatization GC–MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 73:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Hosseini MH, Rezaee M, Mashayekhi HA, Akbarian S, Mizani F, Pourjavid MR. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples using flotation-assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1265:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Phase transfer hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace heavy metals in environmental and biological samples. Talanta 2012; 101:516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Farajzadeh MA, Nouri N. Simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of anilines in different samples followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. Talanta 2012; 99:1004-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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López-García I, Rivas RE, Hernández-Córdoba M. Hollow fiber based liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of mercury traces in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 743:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Application of response surface methodology for optimization of ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of cadmium from water samples. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:620-31. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112455672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new, rapid, and simple method for the determination of cadmium in water samples was developed using ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In the proposed approach, 2-(5-boromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethyamino) phenol was used as a chelating agent and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro methylsulfonyl)imide and acetone were selected as extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. Sample pH, concentration of chelating agent, amount of ionic liquid (extraction solvent), disperser solvent volume, extraction time, salt effect, and centrifugation speed were selected as interested variables in IL-DLLME process. The significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency were determined using a Placket–Burman design. Thereafter, the significant variables were optimized using a Box–Behnken design and the quadratic model between the dependent and the independent variables was built. The optimum experimental conditions obtained from this statistical evaluation included: pH: 6.7; concentration of chelating agent: 1.1 × 10−3 mol L−1; and ionic liquid: 50.0 mg. Under the optimum conditions, the preconcentration factor obtained was 100. Calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.2–60 µg L−1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The limit of detection was 0.06 µg L−1, which is lower than other reported approaches applied to the determination of cadmium using FAAS. The relative SD ( n = 8) was 2.4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of cadmium in the real water samples with satisfactory results.
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Considerations on the application of miniaturized sample preparation approaches for the analysis of organic compounds in environmental matrices. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe miniaturization and improvement of sample preparation is a challenge that has been fulfilled up to a point in many fields of analytical chemistry. Particularly, the hyphenation of microextraction with advanced analytical techniques has allowed the monitoring of target analytes in a vast variety of environmental samples. Several benefits can be obtained when miniaturized techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) are applied, specifically, their easiness, rapidity and capability to separate and pre-concentrate target analytes with a negligible consumption of organic solvents. In spite of the great acceptance that these green sample preparation techniques have in environmental research, their full implementation has not been achieved or even attempted in some relevant environmental matrices. In this work, a critical review of the applications of LPME and SPME techniques to isolate and pre-concentrate traces of organic pollutants is provided. In addition, the influence of the environmental matrix on the effectiveness of LPME and SPME for isolating the target organic pollutants is addressed. Finally, unsolved issues that may hinder the application of these techniques for the extraction of dissolved organic matter from environmental samples and some suggestions for developing novel and less selective enrichment and isolation procedures for natural organic matter on the basis of SPME and LPME are included.
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Horn PJ, Joshi U, Behrendt AK, Chapman KD, Verbeck GF. On-stage liquid-phase lipid microextraction coupled to nanospray mass spectrometry for detailed, nano-scale lipid analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:957-962. [PMID: 22396033 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Developments in instrumentation aimed at microscopic sampling have led to an emphasis on applications analyzing small volumes and molecular concentrations within biological, chemical, and industrial samples. Simultaneous improvements in the sensitivity and versatility of nanospray mass spectrometers have made it possible to directly couple these sampling and analysis processes. METHODS We developed a versatile liquid-phase lipid microextraction (LPME) technique for nanoliter to microliter volumes that is amenable to direct nanospray mass spectrometry (NMS). Lipophilic analytes within several types of biological samples were extracted and analyzed by partitioning and concentrating the analytes based on their solubility within two immiscible or partially miscible liquid phases. RESULTS The utility of LPME-NMS is demonstrated by extracting and analyzing molecules in four different types of applications: (1) visualization of an extracted neutral lipid-specific fluorescent dye from an aqueous solvent; (2) identification of controlled acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols within nanospray capillaries; (3) reproducible sampling of a fatty acid emulsion; and (4) profiling of diverse lipids in a complex biological matrix of rabbit serum. CONCLUSIONS The modified instrumentation of a multi-port, on-stage bioworkstation shows considerable versatility by combining nanomanipulation, microextraction and direct NMS for a variety of chemical, biological, industrial, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- Center for Plant Lipid Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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38
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Recent advances in liquid microextraction techniques coupled with MS for determination of small-molecule drugs in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:725-39. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is an important and necessary step in a measurement process for isolation and concentration of desired components from complex matrices. It is the most time-consuming and error-prone step in analytical methodology, greatly affecting quality and quantity of analytical data. During the past 15 years, solvent microextraction techniques have been introduced as alternatives to conventional sample preparation methods, such as liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. These novel methodologies, which have proved to be extremely simple, low-cost and virtually solvent-free sample-preparation techniques provide a high degree of selectivity, sample cleanup and enrichment. The aim of the present review is to explore recent analytical applications of solvent microextraction techniques for quantification of drugs in biological samples, with particular focus on the methods involving MS as a detection system.
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Phase transfer membrane supported liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction combined with large volume sample injection capillary electrophoresis–ultraviolet detection for the speciation of inorganic and organic mercury. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9414-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Jain A, Verma KK. Recent advances in applications of single-drop microextraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:37-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Effect of Tetrabutylammonium Cation on Solid-Phase Analytical Derivatization as a Function of Analyte Lipophilicity. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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42
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Liquid phase microextraction applications in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7415-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Sensitive determination of phenylarsenic compounds based on a dual preconcentration method with capillary electrophoresis/UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4779-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Montesinos I, Cardador M, Gallego M. Determination of halonitromethanes in treated water. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2497-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Wang HY, Chu X, Zhao ZX, He XS, Guo YL. Analysis of low molecular weight compounds by MALDI-FTICR-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1166-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Liquid-phase and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques with derivatization: Recent applications in bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Krylov VA, Krylov AV, Mosyagin PV, Matkivskaya YO. Liquid-phase microextraction preconcentration of impurities. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Bioanalysis usually requires a preparation procedure for sample cleanup or preconcentration. Conventional sample preparation techniques are often time consuming and labor intensive. Among recent progress in sample preparation, single drop microextraction (SDME) is one of the most efficient techniques providing both sample cleanup and preconcentration capabilities. In SDME, analytes are extracted from a sample solution into an acceptor drop and the drop is introduced to subsequent analysis. Since the volume of the acceptor drop is 1–10 µl or less, the consumption of solvents can be minimized and the preconcentration effect is enhanced. In this review, the basic principles of two-phase and three-phase SDME are described briefly and then recently developed modes of SDME, coupling with analytical instruments, and methods to enhance the drop stability are discussed. Recent applications of SDME to biological samples, including urine, blood and saliva, for the analysis of drugs, metal ions and biomarkers are reviewed.
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Pesticides in water and the performance of the liquid-phase microextraction based techniques. A review. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Luo S, Fang L, Wang X, Liu H, Ouyang G, Lan C, Luan T. Determination of octylphenol and nonylphenol in aqueous sample using simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6762-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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