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Elbashir AA, Osman A, Elawad M, Ziyada AK, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively contactless conductivity detection for biomedical analysis. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:400-410. [PMID: 38100198 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D) has become convenient analytical method for determination of small molecules that do not possess chromogenic or fluorogenic group. The implementations of CE with C4 D in the determination of inorganic and organic ions and amino acids in biomedical field are demonstrated. Attention on background electrolyte composition, sample treatment procedures, and the utilize of multi-detection systems are described. A number of tables summarizing highly developed CE-C4 D methods and the figures of merit attained are involved. Lastly, concluding remarks and perspectives are argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A Elbashir
- Department, of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdelbagi Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Abobakr K Ziyada
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Cansever MŞ, Öztekin N, Kıykım E, Zübarioğlu T, Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ. Separation and quantification of the urinary enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection: Application to the diagnosis of D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300145. [PMID: 37269210 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is an inherited neurometabolic disorder with two major types: D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. An easy and fast capillary electrophoresis system combined with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection method was developed for the enantioseparation and determination of D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine. D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acids were separated using vancomycin as the chiral selector. The optimal separation conditions for enantiomers were achieved by the use of a buffer containing 50 mM 4-(N-morpholino) butane sulfonic acid solution (pH 6.5), an electroosmotic flow modifier (0.001% [w/v] polybrene), and 30 mM vancomycin as chiral selector. The analysis time was 6 min under optimal conditions. The optimized and validated method was successfully implemented for quantifying D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in patients' urine, without any pretreatment step. The linearity of the method was determined to be in the range of 2-100 mg/L for D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine. The precision (relative standard deviation%) was obtained at about 7%. For D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acids, the limits of detection were 0.567 and 0.497 mg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Şerif Cansever
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Öztekin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tanyel Zübarioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
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Tůma P. Monitoring of biologically active substances in clinical samples by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li Y, Wang L, Qian M, Qi S, Zhou L, Pu Q. Concise analysis of γ-hydroxybutyric acid in beverages and urine by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection using 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid as background electrolyte. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Elbashir AA, Elgorashe REE, Alnajjar AO, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection (CE-C 4D): 2017-2020. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:535-543. [PMID: 32835492 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1809340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) has emerged as influential to detect analytes that do not have chromogenic or fluorogenic functional group. Since our last review several new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods coupled with (CE-C4D) have been communicated. The aim of this review is to give an update of the almost all the new applications of CE-C4D in the field of pharmaceutical, food and biomedical analysis covering the period from 2017 to April 2020. The utilization of CE with C4D in the areas of pharmaceutical, food and biomedical analysis is presented. Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed O Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Özçelik S, Öztekin N, Kıykım E, Cansever MŞ, Aktuğlu‐Zeybek AÇ. Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the determination of urinary ethylmalonic acid for the diagnosis of ethylmalonic aciduria. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1365-1371. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirun Özçelik
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Istanbul Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nevin Öztekin
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Istanbul Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Cerrahpaşa Medical FacultyDivision of Nutrition and MetabolismDepartment of PediatricsIstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu‐Zeybek
- Cerrahpaşa Medical FacultyDivision of Nutrition and MetabolismDepartment of PediatricsIstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa Istanbul Turkey
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Liu J, Deng Z, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wang G, Sun YA, Zhu Y. Determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate in human urine samples by ion exclusion and ion exchange two-dimensional chromatography system. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1528:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mazina J, Saar-Reismaa P, Kulp M, Kaljurand M, Vaher M. Determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid in saliva by capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity and indirect UV absorbance detectors. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:3042-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Mazina
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
- NarTest AS; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Piret Saar-Reismaa
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Maria Kulp
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Mihkel Kaljurand
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Merike Vaher
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
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Screening and confirmation methods for GHB determination in biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3553-77. [PMID: 24500753 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of reported methods for screening and confirmation of the low-molecular-weight compound and drug of abuse gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in biological fluids. The polarity of the compound, its endogenous presence, its rapid metabolism after ingestion, and its instability during storage (de novo formation and interconversion between GHB and its lactone form gamma-butyrolactone) are challenges for the analyst and for interpretation of a positive result. First, possible screening procedures for GHB are discussed, including colorimetric, enzymatic, and chromatography-based procedures. Confirmation methods for clinical and forensic cases mostly involve gas chromatography (coupled to mass spectrometry), although liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis have also been used. Before injection, sample-preparation techniques include (a combination of) liquid-liquid, solid-phase, or headspace extraction, and chemical modification of the polar compound. Also simple "dilute-and-shoot" may be sufficient for urine or serum. Advantages, limitations, and trends are discussed.
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Kubáň P, Boček P. Direct analysis of formate in human plasma, serum and whole blood by in-line coupling of microdialysis to capillary electrophoresis for rapid diagnosis of methanol poisoning. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Determination of free and total valproic acid in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is an attractive technique in separation science because of its high separation performance, short analysis time and low cost. Electrochemical detection (EC) is a powerful tool for CE because of its high sensitivity. In this review, developments of CE-EC from 2008 to August, 2011 are reviewed. We choose papers of innovative and novel results to demonstrate the newest and most important progress in CE-EC.
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See HH, Schmidt-Marzinkowski J, Pormsila W, Morand R, Krähenbühl S, Hauser PC. Determination of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle biopsy samples by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 727:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dahlén J, Lundquist P, Jonsson M. Spontaneous formation of γ-hydroxybutyric acid from γ-butyrolactone in tap water solutions. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 210:247-56. [PMID: 21481554 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous conversion of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in seven different Swedish tap waters was investigated. The waters used in the study were selected to represent the diversity among Swedish tap waters as well as possible, which was enabled by principal component analysis (PCA) of a number of water quality parameters. GBL solutions (5, 25 and 50% v/v) were prepared in each of the tap waters and in deionized water and the formation of GHB was followed over time. The GHB quantifications were made using a CZE method, employing a carrier electrolyte consisting of 25mM benzoic acid, 54mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and 1.7mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), which was developed as a part of the current study. Data evaluation showed that the formation of GHB was largely dependent on the type of tap water. For example, there was a negative correlation between the kinetics of the GHB formation and the alkalinity of the tap waters (r(2)=0.990). This could be explained by a faster decrease in pH in the waters with low buffering capacity (i.e. low alkalinity), which catalysed the hydrolysis of GBL. Equilibrium was reached after 40-250 days depending on the initial GBL concentration and the type of tap water. The level of the equilibrium appeared to be dependent on the initial GBL concentration and ranged from 26 to 37%. Gained knowledge on the levels of the GHB/GBL equilibrium and the kinetics of the formation of GHB in tap water solutions of GBL, including the influence of the tap water quality, may be useful information for casework with the GHB/GBL problem in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Dahlén
- Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science - SKL, SE-581 94 Linköping, Sweden.
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Pormsila W, Morand R, Krähenbühl S, Hauser PC. Quantification of plasma lactate concentrations using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:884-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Andresen H, Aydin BE, Mueller A, Iwersen-Bergmann S. An overview of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxic effects, addiction, analytical methods, and interpretation of results. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:560-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bendinskas K, Sattelberg P, Crossett D, Banyikwa A, Dempsey D, MacKenzie JA. Enzymatic Detection of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Using Aldo-keto Reductase 7A2*,†. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:783-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for microseparation techniques - recent developments. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:30-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in dried blood spots using a simple GC-MS method with direct “on spot” derivatization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2173-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Elbashir AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Applications of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) in pharmaceutical and biological analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:1038-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Pormsila W, Gong XY, Hauser PC. Determination of the enantiomers of α-hydroxy- and α-amino acids in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2044-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Nehmé R, Lascaux A, Delépée R, Claude B, Morin P. Capillary electrophoresis procedure for the simultaneous analysis and stoichiometry determination of a drug and its counter-ion by using dual-opposite end injection and contactless conductivity detection: Application to labetalol hydrochloride. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:190-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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See HH, Hauser PC, Ibrahim WAW, Sanagi MM. Rapid and direct determination of glyphosate, glufosinate, and aminophosphonic acid by online preconcentration CE with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:575-82. [PMID: 20119968 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and direct online preconcentration followed by CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D) is evaluated as a new approach for the determination of glyphosate, glufosinate (GLUF), and aminophosphonic acid (AMPA) in drinking water. Two online preconcentration techniques, namely large volume sample stacking without polarity switching and field-enhanced sample injection, coupled with CE-C(4)D were successfully developed and optimized. Under optimized conditions, LODs in the range of 0.01-0.1 microM (1.7-11.1 microg/L) and sensitivity enhancements of 48- to 53-fold were achieved with the large volume sample stacking-CE-C(4)D method. By performing the field-enhanced sample injection-CE-C(4)D procedure, excellent LODs down to 0.0005-0.02 microM (0.1-2.2 microg/L) as well as sensitivity enhancements of up to 245- to 1002-fold were obtained. Both techniques showed satisfactory reproducibility with RSDs of peak height of better than 10%. The newly established approaches were successfully applied to the analysis of glyphosate, glufosinate, and aminophosphonic acid in spiked tap drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in serum and urine by headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction combined with gas chromatography–positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4090-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Pormsila W, Krähenbühl S, Hauser PC. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for uric acid determination in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 636:224-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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