1
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Dolgushev PA, Shashkov MV. High-Temperature Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Flow Modulator for Analyzing Complex Objects of Catalytic Processing. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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2
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Mohan A, Dutta S, Balusamy S, Madav V. Liquid fuel from waste tires: novel refining, advanced characterization and utilization in engines with ethyl levulinate as an additive. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9807-9826. [PMID: 35423526 PMCID: PMC8695677 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical strategy to convert scrap tires into diesel-like fuels. Crude tire pyrolysis oil (CTPO) was produced in a 10 ton rotating autoclave reactor by thermal depolymerization of the tire polymers. In this work, the prior-reported straightforward and inexpensive strategy of upgrading CTPO using a combination of silica gel (as adsorbent) and petroleum ether (as the solvent) has been scaled up with minimal loss in mass of oil and improved physicochemical characteristics (e.g., lowered acid value, low sulfur content). The upgraded TPO (StTPO) was characterized extensively to better understand their chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, and combustion characteristics. StTPO was mixed with diesel in different volumetric proportions and the blends were studied for performance and emission characteristics in a single-cylinder engine. The use of biomass-derived ethyl levulinate (EL) as a fuel oxygenate improved the cold-flow properties of StTPO-diesel blends as well as lowered the exhaust emissions (e.g., lower NO x ). A fuel blend consisting of 50% diesel, 40% StTPO, and 10% EL demonstrated the best fuel properties in the single-cylinder diesel engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Mohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India
| | - Saravanan Balusamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Hyderabad 502285 India
| | - Vasudeva Madav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India
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3
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Brito L, Pirngruber GD, Perez-Pellitero J, Guillon E, Albrieux F, Martens JA. Shape selectivity effects in the hydroconversion of perhydrophenanthrene over bifunctional catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The zeolite pore structure dictates the formation of isomers, which in turn influences the preferred ring opening products and the distribution of cracking products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Brito
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Gerhard D. Pirngruber
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Javier Perez-Pellitero
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillon
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Brito L, Pirngruber GD, Guillon E, Albrieux F, Martens JA. Hydroconversion of Perhydrophenanthrene over Bifunctional Pt/H‐USY Zeolite Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Brito
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Gerhard D. Pirngruber
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillon
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
- Analysis DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUniversity of Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven
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5
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Reymond C, Le Masle A, Colas C, Charon N. Input of an Off-Line, Comprehensive, Three-Dimensional Method (CPC×SFC/HRMS) to Quantify Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vacuum Gas Oils. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6684-6692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Reymond
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Agnès Le Masle
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Cyril Colas
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Nadège Charon
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
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6
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Potgieter H, de Coning P, Bekker R, Rohwer E, Amirav A. The pre-separation of oxygen containing compounds in oxidised heavy paraffinic fractions and their identification by GC-MS with supersonic molecular beams. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:328-341. [PMID: 30720234 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The heavy petroleum fractions produced during refining processes need to be upgraded to useable products to increase their value. Hydrogenated heavy paraffinic fractions can be oxidised to produce high value products that contain a variety of oxygenates. These heavy oxygenated paraffinic fractions need to be characterised to enable the control of oxidation processes and to understand product properties. The accurate identification of the oxygenates present in these fractions by electron ionisation (EI) mass spectrometry is challenging due to the complexity of these heavy fractions. Adding to this challenge is the limited applicability of EI mass spectral libraries due to the absence of molecular ions from the EI mass spectra of many oxygenates. The separation of oxygenates from the complex hydrocarbon matrix prior to high temperature GC-MS (HT-GC-MS) analysis reduces the complexity of these fractions and assists in the accurate identification of these oxygenates. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) were employed as prefractionation techniques. GC-MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named GC-MS with cold-EI) utilises a SMB interface with which EI is done with vibrationally cold sample compounds in a fly-through ion source (cold-EI) resulting in a substantial increase in the molecular ion signal intensity in the mass spectrum. This greatly enhances the accurate identification of the oxygenates in these fractions. This study investigated the ionisation behaviour of oxygenated compounds using cold-EI. The prefractionation by SPE and SFC and the subsequent analysis with GC-MS with cold-EI were applied to an oxygenated heavy paraffinic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Potgieter
- Operations and Analytics Department, Group Technology R&T, Sasol, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Piet de Coning
- Operations and Analytics Department, Group Technology R&T, Sasol, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Riaan Bekker
- Operations and Analytics Department, Group Technology R&T, Sasol, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Egmont Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aviv Amirav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Van Geem K. Kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis chemistry of fossil and alternative feedstocks. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64087-1.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography of heavy oil. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1564:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Pollo BJ, Alexandrino GL, Augusto F, Hantao LW. The impact of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography on oil & gas analysis: Recent advances and applications in petroleum industry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Lorentz C, Laurenti D, Zotin JL, Geantet C. Comprehensive GC × GC chromatography for the characterization of sulfur compound in fuels: A review. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Potgieter H, Bekker R, Beigley J, Rohwer E. Analysis of oxidised heavy paraffininc products by high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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13
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Shashkov MV, Sidelnikov VN. Separation of phenol-containing pyrolysis products using comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography with columns based on pyridinium ionic liquids. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3754-3760. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Shashkov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N. Sidelnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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14
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Negahdar L, Gonzalez-Quiroga A, Otyuskaya D, Toraman HE, Liu L, Jastrzebski JBH, Van Geem KM, Marin GB, Thybaut JW, Weckhuysen BM. Characterization and Comparison of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils from Pinewood, Rapeseed Cake, and Wheat Straw Using 13C NMR and Comprehensive GC × GC. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2016; 4:4974-4985. [PMID: 27668136 PMCID: PMC5027642 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis bio-oils are feasible energy carriers and a potential source of chemicals. Detailed characterization of bio-oils is essential to further develop its potential use. In this study, quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) was used to characterize fast pyrolysis bio-oils originated from pinewood, wheat straw, and rapeseed cake. The combination of both techniques provided new information on the chemical composition of bio-oils for further upgrading. 13C NMR analysis indicated that pinewood-based bio-oil contained mostly methoxy/hydroxyl (≈30%) and carbohydrate (≈27%) carbons; wheat straw bio-oil showed to have high amount of alkyl (≈35%) and aromatic (≈30%) carbons, while rapeseed cake-based bio-oil had great portions of alkyl carbons (≈82%). More than 200 compounds were identified and quantified using GC × GC coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID) and a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Nonaromatics were the most abundant and comprised about 50% of the total mass of compounds identified and quantified via GC × GC. In addition, this analytical approach allowed the quantification of high value-added phenolic compounds, as well as of low molecular weight carboxylic acids and aldehydes, which exacerbate the unstable and corrosive character of the bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Negahdar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Gonzalez-Quiroga
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Otyuskaya
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilal E. Toraman
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Johann
T. B. H. Jastrzebski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin. M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Ristic ND, Djokic MR, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes. J Vis Exp 2016:54236. [PMID: 27583700 PMCID: PMC5091750 DOI: 10.3791/54236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The composition of heavy crude oils and shale oils varies substantially depending on the origin of the mixture. In particular they contain an increased amount of nitrogen containing compounds compared to the conventionally used sweet crude oils. As nitrogen compounds have an influence on the operation of thermal processes occurring in coker units and steam crackers, and as some species are considered as environmentally hazardous, a detailed analysis of the reactions involving nitrogen containing compounds under pyrolysis conditions provides valuable information. Therefore a novel method has been developed and validated with a feedstock containing a high nitrogen content, i.e., a shale oil. First, the feed was characterized offline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled with a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD). In a second step the on-line analysis method was developed and tested on a steam cracking pilot plant by feeding pyridine dissolved in heptane. The former being a representative compound for one of the most abundant classes of compounds present in shale oil. The composition of the reactor effluent was determined via an in-house developed automated sampling system followed by immediate injection of the sample on a GC × GC coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), flame ionization detector (FID) and NCD. A novel method for quantitative analysis of nitrogen containing compounds using NCD and 2-chloropyridine as an internal standard has been developed and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad D Ristic
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University
| | - Marko R Djokic
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University
| | - Kevin M Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University;
| | - Guy B Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University
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16
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Toraman HE, Franz K, Ronsse F, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. Quantitative analysis of nitrogen containing compounds in microalgae based bio-oils using comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to nitrogen chemiluminescence detector and time of flight mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:135-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Jonker MTO, Candido A, Vrabie CM, Scarlett AG, Rowland SJ. Synergistic androgenic effect of a petroleum product caused by the joint action of at least three different types of compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1142-1147. [PMID: 26461438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we found a dose-dependent synergistic effect in recombinant yeast stably transfected with the human androgen receptor (AR), in response to co-exposure to testosterone and a commercially-available lubricant (engine) oil for cars. As there is relatively little knowledge on synergistic toxic effects and causative compounds, particularly for the androgenic system, the objective of the present study was to investigate this oil in more detail. The oil was fractionated into SARA fractions (so-called 'saturates', 'aromatics', 'resins', and 'asphaltenes') by open column chromatography. Surprisingly, when exposing the recombinant AR yeast to testosterone in combination with the separate SARA fractions, the synergistic effect could not be reproduced fully. After pooling the fractions again however, the full synergism returned. From subsequent exposures to combinations of two or three SARA fractions, it appeared that both the 'saturates' and the 'resins' fraction were required for obtaining the synergistic response with testosterone. This clearly demonstrates a synergistic effect related to the androgenic system caused by the joint action of at least three chemically-distinct compounds, or groups of compounds (i.e. testosterone, 'resins' and 'saturates'). Although detailed chemical analyses could not reveal the identity of the causative compounds and the in vivo relevance of the present results remains unclear, the results do add to the growing body of evidence on the potentially extremely complex character of mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel T O Jonker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Angelica Candido
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cozmina M Vrabie
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alan G Scarlett
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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18
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Rathsack P, Wolf B, Kroll MM, Otto M. Comparative Study of Graphite-Supported LDI- and ESI-FT-ICR-MS of a Pyrolysis Liquid from a German Brown Coal. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7618-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rathsack
- German Centre
for Energy Resources, Reiche Zeche, Fuchsmuehlenweg 9, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Wolf
- German Centre
for Energy Resources, Reiche Zeche, Fuchsmuehlenweg 9, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Marius M. Kroll
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Otto
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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19
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Comparison of cryogenic and differential flow (forward and reverse fill/flush) modulators and applications to the analysis of heavy petroleum cuts by high-temperature comprehensive gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1387:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Toraman HE, Dijkmans T, Djokic MR, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. Detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to multiple detectors. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:237-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Macroporous NiMo/alumina catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Coking behavior on a Ni–Mo/Al2O3 catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Dijkmans T, Van Geem KM, Djokic MR, Marin GB. Combined Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Analysis of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons/Polyaromatic Sulfur-Containing Hydrocarbons (PAH/PASH) in Complex Matrices. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dijkmans
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Marko R. Djokic
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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24
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Boursier L, Souchon V, Dartiguelongue C, Ponthus J, Courtiade M, Thiébaut D. Complete elution of vacuum gas oil resins by comprehensive high-temperature two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1280:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Stevenson PR, Dunlap BE, Powell PS, Petersen BV, Hatch CJ, Chan H, Still GI, Fulton MT, McKell JS, Collins DC. Simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis: two-dimensional planar separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3085-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Descorme C, Gallezot P, Geantet C, George C. Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Key Tool toward Sustainability. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to bidimensional gas chromatography in comprehensive and heart-cutting mode: Design of the instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:153-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Nizio KD, McGinitie TM, Harynuk JJ. Comprehensive multidimensional separations for the analysis of petroleum. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Djokic MR, Dijkmans T, Yildiz G, Prins W, Van Geem KM. Quantitative analysis of crude and stabilized bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:131-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thiébaut D. Separations of petroleum products involving supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1252:177-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Weusten JJAM, Derks EPPA, Mommers JHM, van der Wal S. Alignment and clustering strategies for GC×GC-MS features using a cylindrical mapping. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 726:9-21. [PMID: 22541008 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to analyze complex samples. For application of the technique in studies like biomarker discovery in which large sets of complex samples have to be analyzed, extensive preprocessing is needed to align the data obtained in several injections (analyses). We developed new alignment and clustering algorithms for this type of data. New in the current procedures is the consistent way in which the phenomenon referred to as wrap-around is treated. The data analysis problems associated with this phenomenon are solved by treating the 2D display as the surface of a three-dimensional cylinder. Based on this transformation we developed a new similarity metric for features as a function of both the cylindrical distance (reflecting similarity in chromatographic behavior) and of the mass spectral correlation (reflecting similarity in chemical structure). The concepts are used in warping and clustering, and include a protection against greedy warping. The methods were applied - for the purpose of an example - to the analysis of 11 replicates of a human urine sample concentrated by solid phase extraction. It is shown that the alignment is well protected against greedy warping which is important with respect to analytical qualities as robustness and repeatability. It is also demonstrated that chemically similar features are clustered together. The paper is organized as follows. First a brief introduction is provided addressing the background of the GC×GC-MS data structure followed by a theoretical section with a conceptual description of the procedures and details of the algorithms. Finally an example is given in the experimental section, illustrating the application of the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos J A M Weusten
- DSM Resolve, Dept. Process Analysis & Statistics, Geleen, The Netherlands.
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Mahé L, Courtiade M, Dartiguelongue C, Ponthus J, Souchon V, Thiébaut D. Overcoming the high-temperature two-dimensional gas chromatography limits to elute heavy compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1229:298-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sarazin C, Thiébaut D, Sassiat P, Vial J. Feasibility of ultra high performance supercritical neat carbon dioxide chromatography at conventional pressures. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2773-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arsene C, Vione D, Grinberg N, Olariu RI. GC × GC-MS HYPHENATED TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.587749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arsene
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi , Iasi, Romania
| | - Davide Vione
- b Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica , Università di Torino , Torino, Italy
- c Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Università di Torino , Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- d Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Romeo Iulian Olariu
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi , Iasi, Romania
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Chemometrics in comprehensive multidimensional separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2373-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306−4390, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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Omais B, Courtiade M, Charon N, Thiébaut D, Quignard A, Hennion MC. Investigating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography conditions to optimize the separation of oxygenated compounds in a direct coal liquefaction middle distillate. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al Bakain R, Rivals I, Sassiat P, Thiébaut D, Hennion MC, Euvrard G, Vial J. Comparison of different statistical approaches to evaluate the orthogonality of chromatographic separations: Application to reverse phase systems. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2963-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Pyl SP, Schietekat CM, Van Geem KM, Reyniers MF, Vercammen J, Beens J, Marin GB. Rapeseed oil methyl ester pyrolysis: On-line product analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Challenge in the speciation of nitrogen-containing compounds in heavy petroleum fractions by high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3190-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ávila BM, Pereira R, Gomes AO, Azevedo DA. Chemical characterization of aromatic compounds in extra heavy gas oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Global approach for the selection of high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography experimental conditions and quantitative analysis in regards to sulfur-containing compounds in heavy petroleum cuts. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:534-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A new procedure for the determination of distillation temperature distribution of high-boiling petroleum products and fractions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3253-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Norwood DL, McCaffrey J. RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE APPLICATIONS OF COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPH. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.484339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - Qian Chen
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - Daniel L. Norwood
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - John McCaffrey
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L. Dorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Dutriez T, Courtiade M, Thiébaut D, Dulot H, Bertoncini F, Hennion MC. Extended characterization of a vacuum gas oil by offline LC-high-temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1787-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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