1
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Li N, Zhang Z, Li G. Recent advance on microextraction sampling technologies for bioanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464775. [PMID: 38452559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The contents of target substances in biological samples are usually at low concentration levels, and the matrix of biological samples is usually complex. Sample preparation is considered a very critical step in bioanalysis. At present, the utilization of microextraction sampling technology has gained considerable prevalence in the realm of biological analysis. The key developments in this field focus on the efficient microextraction media and the miniaturization and automation of adaptable sample preparation methods currently. In this review, the recent progress on the microextraction sampling technologies for bioanalysis has been introduced from point of view of the preparation of microextraction media and the microextraction sampling strategies. The advance on the microextraction media was reviewed in detail, mainly including the aptamer-functionalized materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, etc. The advance on the microextraction sampling technologies was summarized mainly based on in-vivo sampling, in-vitro sampling and microdialysis technologies. Moreover, the current challenges and perspective on the future trends of microextraction sampling technologies for bioanalysis were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuomin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Surface-initiated ARGET ATRP of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) from macroporous hydrogels via oil-in-water high internal phase emulsion templates for specific capture of Enterovirus 71. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Tahir MA, Ali ME, Lamprecht A. Nanoparticle formulations as recrystallization inhibitors in transdermal patches. Int J Pharm 2020; 575:118886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Thermosensitive gels incorporating cyclic monoazatetrathioether units for the selective extraction of class b metal ions. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-019-00928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Fractionation separation of human plasma proteins using HPLC with a homemade iron porphyrin based monolithic column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:358-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Iacono M, Connolly D, Heise A. Polymer brush decorated nanoparticles immobilised on polymer monoliths for enhanced biopolymer elution. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer monoliths uniformly covered with polymer brush nanoparticles are fabricated and the elution properties investigated with myoglobin and blue dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iacono
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | | | - A. Heise
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
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Koriyama T, Asoh TA, Kikuchi A. Preparation of a thermoresponsive polymer grafted polystyrene monolithic capillary for the separation of bioactive compounds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:408-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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9
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Liu Z, Wickramasinghe SR, Qian X. Membrane chromatography for protein purifications from ligand design to functionalization. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1223133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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10
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“Smart” molecularly imprinted monoliths for the selective capture and easy release of proteins. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3267-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Wu QJY, Wang R, Zhou Y, Huang YQ, Ghosh R, Chen XN. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted dual stimuli-responsive filter paper for protein separation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Chen L, Ou J, Liu Z, Lin H, Wang H, Dong J, Zou H. Fast preparation of a highly efficient organic monolith via photo-initiated thiol-ene click polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Kip Ç, Erkakan D, Gökaltun A, Çelebi B, Tuncel A. Synthesis of a reactive polymethacrylate capillary monolith and its use as a starting material for the preparation of a stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:86-97. [PMID: 25900740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) capillary monolith was proposed as a reactive starting material with tailoring flexibility for the preparation of monolithic stationary phases. The reactive capillary monolith was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA-Cl) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). The mean pore size, the specific surface area and the permeability of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monoliths were controlled by adjusting porogen/monomer volume ratio, porogen composition and polymerization temperature. The porogen/monomer volume ratio was found as the most effective factor controlling the porous properties of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith. Triethanolamine (TEA-OH) functionalized polymethacrylate monoliths were prepared by using the reactive chloropropyl group of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith via one-pot and simple post-functionalization process. Poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith reacted with TEA-OH was evaluated as a stationary phase in nano-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (nano-HILIC). Nucleotides, nucleosides and benzoic acid derivatives were satisfactorily separated with the plate heights up to 20μm. TEA-OH attached-poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith showed a reproducible and stable retention behaviour in nano-HILIC runs. However, a decrease in the column performance (i.e. an increase in the plate height) was observed with the increasing retention factor. Hence "retention-dependent column efficiency" behaviour was shown for HILIC mode using the chromatographic data collected with the polymer based monolith synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Kip
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Erkakan
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çelebi
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Division of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Wu Q, Wang R, Chen X, Ghosh R. Temperature-responsive membrane for hydrophobic interaction based chromatographic separation of proteins in bind-and-elute mode. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Polymethacrylate monoliths with immobilized poly-3-mercaptopropyl methylsiloxane film for high-coverage surface functionalization by thiol-ene click reaction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Liu Z, Su R, Liang X, Liang Y, Deng Y, Li Y, Dai R. A thermally switchable chromatographic material for selective capture and rapid release of proteins and nucleotides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Li N, Qi L, Shen Y, Li Y, Chen Y. Thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol)-based polymer brushes on polymer monoliths for all-aqueous chromatography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12441-12448. [PMID: 24251974 DOI: 10.1021/am403510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Porous polymer monoliths onto which were grafted a thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA)-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA)), were synthesized by the two-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The copolymer-grafted monoliths were characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. They were further used as the thermoresponsive stationary phase for all-aqueous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatograms of three steroids demonstrated that the chain length of the grafted copolymer, which was regulated by varying the grafting time, could affect the separation by providing different amounts of hydrophobic interaction sites with analytes. Additionally, the elution profiles of steroids on the stationary phase could also be tuned by the comonomer composition. The results showed that the porous polymer monoliths enabled separation of the test mixture in pure aqueous mobile phase under isocratic conditions. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a simple and promising tool in the design and construction of responsive surfaces for chromatography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Liu Z, Geng F, Ha X, Feng Y, Che B, Wu K, Li Y, Dai R, Zhang Y, Deng Y. Evaluation of Temperature-Responsive Open Tubular Capillary Electrochromatographic Column Modified with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Preparation of poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate grafted polystyrene resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Arrua RD, Talebi M, Causon TJ, Hilder EF. Review of recent advances in the preparation of organic polymer monoliths for liquid chromatography of large molecules. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 738:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Wang N, He S, Yan W, Zhu Y. Incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotube into a polymethacrylate-based monolith for ion chromatography. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Liu Z, Liang Y, Geng F, Ge C, Ullah K, Lv F, Dai R, Zhang Y, Deng Y. Separation of peptides with an aqueous mobile phase by temperature-responsive chromatographic column. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2069-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rongji Dai
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | | | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
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23
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Li Y, Aggarwal P, Tolley H, Lee M. Organic Monolith Column Technology for Capillary Liquid Chromatography. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2012; 50:237-80. [DOI: 10.1201/b11636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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24
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Wang H, Dong X, Yang M. Development of separation materials using controlled/living radical polymerization. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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Liu Z, Ullah K, Su L, Lv F, Deng Y, Dai R, Li Y, Zhang Y. Switchable boronate affinity materials for thermally modulated capture, separation and enrichment of cis-diol biomolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Tijunelyte I, Babinot J, Guerrouache M, Valincius G, Carbonnier B. Hydrophilic monolith with ethylene glycol-based grafts prepared via surface confined thiol-ene click photoaddition. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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27
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Investigation of temperature-responsivity and aqueous chromatographic characteristics of a thermo-responsive monolithic column. Talanta 2011; 85:1193-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Shen Y, Qi L, Wei X, Zhang R, Mao L. Preparation of well-defined environmentally responsive polymer brushes on monolithic surface by two-step atom transfer radical polymerization method for HPLC. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Xin P, Shen Y, Qi L, Yang G, Chen Y. Preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted well-controlled 3D skeletal monolith based on E-51 epoxy resin for protein separation. Talanta 2011; 85:1180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) monolith for HPLC. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:286-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Nordborg A, Hilder EF, Haddad PR. Monolithic phases for ion chromatography. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:197-226. [PMID: 21689046 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic media are continuing to increase in popularity in chromatographic applications, and the ongoing use of commercially available materials in ion chromatography (IC) has made monoliths a viable alternative to packed-bed columns for routine use. We discuss different strategies for the synthesis of polymeric and silica monoliths with ion-exchange functionality, such as direct incorporation of ion-exchange functionality during monolith preparation and different postpolymerization alterations such as grafting and coating. The formulations and strategies presented are focused on materials intended for use in IC. We also discuss strategies for materials characterization, with emphasis on nondestructive techniques for the characterization of monolith surface functionality, especially those with applicability to in situ analysis. Finally, we describe selected IC applications of polymeric and silica monoliths published from 2008 to 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nordborg
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Chayama K, Morita Y, Iwatsuki S. Thermosensitive gels incorporating polythioether units for the selective extraction of class b metal ions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6785-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Li Y, Dennis Tolley H, Lee ML. Monoliths from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and dimethacrylate for capillary hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4934-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Optimization of preparation of poly (glycidyl methacrylate- divinylbenzene) monolithic column with orthogonal experiments for separation of small molecules. Se Pu 2010; 28:175-9. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Zhang R, Qi L, Xin P, Yang G, Chen Y. Preparation of macroporous monolith with three dimensional bicontinuous skeleton structure by atom transfer radical polymerization for HPLC. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Li Y, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Poly[hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate] monolithic column for efficient hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9416-24. [PMID: 19839598 DOI: 10.1021/ac9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rigid poly[hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate] monoliths were synthesized inside 75 mum i.d. capillaries by one-step UV-initiated copolymerization using methanol and ethyl ether as porogens. The optimized monolithic column was evaluated for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) of standard proteins. Six proteins were separated within 20 min with high resolution using a 20 min elution gradient, resulting in a peak capacity of 54. The effect of gradient rate and initial salt concentration on the retention of proteins were investigated. Mass recovery was found to be greater than 96%, indicating the biocompatibility of this monolith. The monolith was mechanically stable and showed nearly no swelling or shrinking in different polarity solvents. The preparation of this in situ polymerized acrylate monolithic column was highly reproducible. The run-to-run and column-to-column reproducibilities were less than 2.0% relative standard deviation (RSD) on the basis of the retention times of protein standards. The performance of this monolithic column for HIC was comparable or superior to the performance of columns packed with small particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Svec F. Porous polymer monoliths: amazingly wide variety of techniques enabling their preparation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:902-24. [PMID: 19828151 PMCID: PMC2829304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The porous polymer monoliths went a long way since their invention two decades ago. While the first studies applied the traditional polymerization processes at that time well established for the preparation of polymer particles, creativity of scientists interested in the monolithic structures has later led to the use of numerous less common techniques. This review article presents vast variety of methods that have meanwhile emerged. The text first briefly describes the early approaches used for the preparation of monoliths comprising standard free radical polymerizations and includes their development up to present days. Specific attention is paid to the effects of process variables on the formation of both porous structure and pore surface chemistry. Specific attention is also devoted to the use of photopolymerization. Then, several less common free radical polymerization techniques are presented in more detail such as those initiated by gamma-rays and electron beam, the preparation of monoliths from high internal phase emulsions, and cryogels. Living processes including stable free radicals, atom transfer radical polymerization, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization are also discussed. The review ends with description of preparation methods based on polycondensation and polyaddition reactions as well as on precipitation of preformed polymers affording the monolithic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720-8139, USA.
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Zhang R, Qi L, Xiao Q, Xin P, Yang G. Preparation and Characterization of Temperature-responsive Porous Monoliths. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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