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Li W, Zhu L, Zhang F, Han C, Li P, Jiang J. A novel strategy by combining foam fractionation with high-speed countercurrent chromatography for the rapid and efficient isolation of antioxidants and cytostatics from Camellia oleifera cake. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113798. [PMID: 38163709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera cake is a by-product, which is rich in functional chemical components. However, it is typically used as animal feed with no commercial value. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify compounds from Camellia oleifera cake using a combination of foam fractionation and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and to investigate their biological activities. Foam fractionation with enhanced drainage through a hollow regular decahedron (HRD) was first established for simultaneously enriching flavonoid glycosides and saponins for further separation of target compounds. Under suitable operating conditions, the introduction of HRD resulted in a threefold increase in enrichment ratio with no negative effect on recovery. A novel elution-extrusion countercurrent chromatography (EECCC) coupled with the consecutive injection mode was established for the successful simultaneous isolation of flavonoid glycosides and saponins. As a result, 38.7 mg of kaemferol-3-O-[2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (purity of 98.17%, FI), 70.8 mg of kaemferol-3-O-[2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (purity of 97.52%, FII), and 560 mg of an oleanane-type saponin (purity of 92.32%, FIII) were separated from the sample (900 mg). The present study clearly showed that FI and II were natural antioxidants (IC50 < 35 μg/mL) without hemolytic effect. FIII displayed the effect of inhibiting Hela cell proliferation (IC50 < 30 μg/mL). Further erythrocyte experiments showed that this correlated with the extremely strong hemolytic effect of FIII. Overall, this study offers a potential strategy for efficient and green isolation of natural products, and is beneficial to further expanding the application of by-products (Camellia oleifera cake) in food, cosmetics, and pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), National Forest and Grass Administration Woody Spices (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), National Forest and Grass Administration Woody Spices (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fenglun Zhang
- China CO-OP Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Chunrui Han
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), National Forest and Grass Administration Woody Spices (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), National Forest and Grass Administration Woody Spices (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ghani MA, Barril C, Bedgood DR, Burrows GE, Prenzler PD. Multi-Dimensional Antioxidant Screening of Selected Australian Native Plants and Putative Annotation of Active Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:3106. [PMID: 37049870 PMCID: PMC10095623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacia implexa, Eucalyptus rossii and Exocarpos cupressiformis are native plants of Australia, which were used by the First Peoples for medicinal purposes. In this study, 70% aqueous ethanol crude extracts were prepared from A. implexa bark and leaves, E. rossii leaves and E. cupressiformis leaves, and partitioned via sequential extraction with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and ethanol. The crude extracts and fractions were screened for antioxidant activity using a novel, high-throughput lipid-based antioxidant assay, as well as the aqueous ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu test for total phenols. In the lipid-based assay, non-polar n-hexane and DCM fractions showed higher antioxidant activity against the formation of peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than the other fractions, whereas the non-polar fractions were not effective in aqueous assays. This illustrates that the high potential of the lipid-soluble n-hexane and DCM fractions as antioxidants would have been missed if only aqueous-based assays were used. In addition, the potent antioxidant compounds were putatively annotated using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and tannins were found in most crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ahsan Ghani
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Celia Barril
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Danny R. Bedgood
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Geoffrey E. Burrows
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Paul D. Prenzler
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- The Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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Recent Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of the Genus Nigella. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6756835. [PMID: 32655665 PMCID: PMC7321528 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6756835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Seeds of the genus Nigella plants as folk medicine are often used to prevent and treat asthma, diarrhea, dyslipidemia, and other diseases around the world. Pharmacological researches showed that seed extract and seed oil have antibacterial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects which attributed to their bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, saponins, flavones, and phenols. This paper has covered recent progresses on chemical and pharmacological researches on these plants, including their compounds and pharmacological effects. It was found that the chemical component researches were focused on the seed oil. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the profile of the whole constituents in the seeds.
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A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and future prospects of Nigella glandulifera. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Liu X, Aisa HA, Xin X. A new fatty acid ester from Nigella sativa var. hispidula Boiss showing potent anti-protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:472-476. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1396594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xuelei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, PR China
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Kang J, Gu D, Wu T, Wang M, Zhang H, Guo H, Yin Y, Yang Y, Tian J. An approach based upon the consecutive separation and the economical two-phase solvent system preparation using UNIFAC mathematical model for increasing the yield of high-speed counter-current chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Liang J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Sun W, Ito Y. Comparative studies on performance of CCC and preparative RP-HPLC in separation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright. JOURNAL OF STEROIDS & HORMONAL SCIENCE 2016; 6. [PMID: 26726306 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright were separated for the first time using two chromatographic methods for comparison: counter-current chromatography (CCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and preparative reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector. Ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-water (4:1:2:4, v/v) was chosen as the two-phase solvent system for CCC, while the acetonitrile-water (25:75 for the first step and15:85 for the second step, v/v) was used as the mobile phase in the preparative RP-HPLC. The following five steroid saponins were purified by theses two chromatographic methods, in one-step operation by CCC and by two-step operation in preparative RP-HPLC: 1) 26-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound A), 2) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 4) 26-triol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound B), 3) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound C), 4) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound D) and 5) 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound E). The purities of these five steroid saponins separated by both methods were over 95%, and structural identification of these compounds was performed by ESI-MS, and 13C NMR. Comparison of these two established approaches revealed that CCC required a longer separation time but with less solvent consumption, whereas preparative RP-HPLC gave a shorter separation time but with higher solvent consumption. These results demonstrated that either of these two methods of different separation mechanism is feasible, economical and efficient for rapid preparative isolation and purification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jinru Liang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jianli Liu
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Wenji Sun
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Sun L, Liu YM, Chen BQ, Liu QH. New phenolic compounds from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera and their inhibitory activities against human cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3864-6. [PMID: 26227777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Four phenolic compounds, including two new ones, Nigephenol A and B (1-2), and a new natural product, Nigephenol C (3), were isolated from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. All compounds were evaluated by MTT method for in vitro cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (Bel7402, HepG2, HCT-8 and A549). The results revealed that Compounds 1-4 showed more selective activities against HepG2 cells, and that Compound 2 showed significant inhibitory effects against four human tumor cell lines with IC50 values comparable to those of 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - Bao-Quan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Ürümuqi 830001, PR China
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Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1765-96. [PMID: 26177360 PMCID: PMC4517501 DOI: 10.1021/np501065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the current instrumentation, method development, and applications in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CCS). The article provides a critical review of the CCS literature from 2007 since our last review (J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1489-1508), with a special emphasis on the applications of CCS in natural products research. The current state of CCS is reviewed in regard to three continuing topics (instrumentation, solvent system development, theory) and three new topics (optimization of parameters, workflow, bioactivity applications). The goals of this review are to deliver the necessary background with references for an up-to-date perspective of CCS, to point out its potential for the natural product scientist, and thereby to induce new applications in natural product chemistry, metabolome, and drug discovery research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brent Friesen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
- Physical
Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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10
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Gu D, Yang Y, Xin X, Aisa HA, Ito Y. Novel design for centrifugal counter-current chromatography: VI. Ellipsoid column. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014; 38:68-73. [PMID: 25309116 DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.883533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel ellipsoid column was designed for centrifugal counter-current chromatography. Performance of the ellipsoid column with a capacity of 3.4 mL was examined with three different solvent systems composed of 1-butanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5, v/v) (BAW), hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-0.1 M HCl (1:1:1:1, v/v) (HEMH), and 12.5% (w/w) PEG1000 and 12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate in water (PEG-DPP) each with suitable test samples. In dipeptide separation with BAW system, both stationary phase retention (Sf) and peak resolution (Rs) of the ellipsoid column were much higher at 0° column angle (column axis parallel to the centrifugal force) than at 90° column angle (column axis perpendicular to the centrifugal force), where elution with the lower phase at a low flow rate produced the best separation yielding Rs at 2.02 with 27.8% Sf at a flow rate of 0.07 ml/min. In the DNP-amino acid separation with HEMW system, the best results were obtained at a flow rate of 0.05 ml/min with 31.6% Sf yielding high Rs values at 2.16 between DNP-DL-glu and DNP-β-ala peaks and 1.81 between DNP-β-ala and DNP-L-ala peaks. In protein separation with PEG-DPP system, lysozyme and myolobin were resolved at Rs of 1.08 at a flow rate of 0.03 ml/min with 38.9% Sf. Most of those Rs values exceed those obtained from the figure-8 column under similar experimental conditions previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Gu
- Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; School of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xuelei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Tang DQ, Li Z, Jiang XL, Li YJ, Du Q, Yang DZ. Fingerprint analysis and multi-ingredient quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of Xiaoyanlidan tablets by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2131-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-quan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang-lan Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yin-jie Li
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Qian Du
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Dong-zhi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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Skalicka-Woźniak K, Garrard I. Counter-current chromatography for the separation of terpenoids: a comprehensive review with respect to the solvent systems employed. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 13:547-572. [PMID: 24899873 PMCID: PMC4032468 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products extracts are commonly highly complex mixtures of active compounds and consequently their purification becomes a particularly challenging task. The development of a purification protocol to extract a single active component from the many hundreds that are often present in the mixture is something that can take months or even years to achieve, thus it is important for the natural product chemist to have, at their disposal, a broad range of diverse purification techniques. Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is one such separation technique utilising two immiscible phases, one as the stationary phase (retained in a spinning coil by centrifugal forces) and the second as the mobile phase. The method benefits from a number of advantages when compared with the more traditional liquid-solid separation methods, such as no irreversible adsorption, total recovery of the injected sample, minimal tailing of peaks, low risk of sample denaturation, the ability to accept particulates, and a low solvent consumption. The selection of an appropriate two-phase solvent system is critical to the running of CCC since this is both the mobile and the stationary phase of the system. However, this is also by far the most time consuming aspect of the technique and the one that most inhibits its general take-up. In recent years, numerous natural product purifications have been published using CCC from almost every country across the globe. Many of these papers are devoted to terpenoids-one of the most diverse groups. Naturally occurring terpenoids provide opportunities to discover new drugs but many of them are available at very low levels in nature and a huge number of them still remain unexplored. The collective knowledge on performing successful CCC separations of terpenoids has been gathered and reviewed by the authors, in order to create a comprehensive document that will be of great assistance in performing future purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ian Garrard
- Advanced Bioprocessing Centre, Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH UK
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Zhang X, Liang J, Ito Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Sun W. Preparative isolation and purification of five steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright by counter-current chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:117-23. [PMID: 23831486 PMCID: PMC3729590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A counter-current chromatography (CCC) method was successfully applied to separate and purify steroid saponins from the traditional Chinese medicine Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright for the first time. Ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-water (4:1:2:4, v/v) was used as the two-phase solvent system, and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was used as the detector in this method. The method separated in a single run the following five steroid saponins: 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranol-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (Compound A); 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (Compound B); 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β, 22ζ, 26-triol-3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (Compound C); 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-d-glucopyranoside (Compound D); and 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5, 20(22)-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (Compound E). Their structural identification of the five steroid saponins was performed by means of ESI-MS, and (13)C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China
| | - Jinru Liang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, France
| | - Jianli Liu
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China
| | - Wenji Sun
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China
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Liu YM, Sun L, Liu QH, Lu SR, Chen BQ. Dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids from Nigella glandulifera. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Yang Y, Bakri M, Gu D, Aisa HA. SEPARATION OF (S)-DEHYDROVOMIFOLIOL FROM LEAVES OF NITRARIA SIBIRICA PALL. BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.668738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi , China
| | - Mahinur Bakri
- a Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi , China
- b Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- a Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi , China
- b Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- a Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi , China
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16
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Purification of saponins from leaves of Panax notoginseng using preparative two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3413-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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A Spotlight on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities ofNigella glanduliferaFreyn et Sint Seeds. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/820183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, and particularly their seeds, have been a hot research topic in numerous pharmacognosy laboratories.Nigella glanduliferaFreyn et Sint (NG) is one of the promising, but relatively insufficiently studied, plants from this family. In this review, we summarize the recently isolated chemical constituents from the seeds of this plant including alkaloids, flavonol glycosides, isobenzofuranone derivatives, saponins, terpenes, terpenoids, and fatty acids. We put also a spotlight on the recently studied therapeutic potentials of such amazing herb seeds as antidiabetes, melanogenesis inhibition, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antithrombosis, and antiplatelet aggregation effects. Herein, we illustrate certain properties and potentials via selected examples, and thus we suggest more studies to confirm the therapeutic hypotheses, find out new compounds, and eventually to discover novel properties.
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18
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Zhao D, Yan M, Huang Y, Sun X. Efficient protocol for isolation and purification of different soyasaponins from soy hypocotyls. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3281-92. [PMID: 23002031 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soyasaponins are naturally occurring triterpenoid glycosides associated with many biological activities. The aim of the present study was to develop an effective method for isolation and purification of differently glycosylated, acetylated, and 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP)-conjugated soyasaponins from soy hypocotyls. Both gel filtration using Sephadex LH-20 chromatography (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AB; elution phase: methanol, flow rate: 3.0 mL/min, sample loading: 60 mg) and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (stationary phase: n-butanol-acetic acid (5.0%, v/v), mobile phase: water flow rate: 3.0 mL/min, sample loading: 100 mg) could effectively fractionate isoflavones and soyasaponins from the crude extract with yield of soyasaponin complexes 20.5 mg and 22.3 mg, respectively. After fractionation, the soyasaponin complexes could be purified further using preparative HPLC to separate individuals. A total of nine soyasaponins, triacetyl soyasaponin Ab (yield 1.55%, HPLC purity >98%), Aa (2.68%, >99%), Ab (18.53%, >98%), Ae (0.85%, >98%), Ba (0.63%, >91%), Af (1.12%, >85%), Bb (3.45%, >98%) and Be (0.59%, >76.8%) were obtained. DDMP-conjugated groups, αg (2.06%, >85%), βg (7.59%, >85%), and γg (0.29%, >85%) that were very labile even in mild conditions, were also collected. The method described here can be used as an effective protocol to separate different soyasaponins occurring in the original sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayun Zhao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Li A, Sun A, Liu R. PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF THREE FLAVONOIDS FROM THE CHINESE MEDICINAL PLANT ALPINIA KATSUMADAI HAYATA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.643523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Li
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , China
| | - Ailing Sun
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , China
| | - Renmin Liu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , China
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20
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Liang S, Liang Y, He J, Ito Y. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF THREE FLAVONOIDS FROM DAPHNE GENKWA SIEB. ET ZUCC.: COMPARISON IN PERFORMANCE BETWEEN MEDIUM-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND HIGH-SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.637271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Liang
- a School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yong Liang
- a School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junting He
- a School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- b Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
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21
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Li A, Zhang Y, Sun A, Liu R. PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS FROM THE DRIED BUDS OF LONICERA JAPONICA THUNB BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY IN GRADIENT ELUTION MODE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Li
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- b Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Ailing Sun
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , China
| | - Renmin Liu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , China
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22
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Flavonol glycosides, nigelflavonosides A-F from the whole plant of Nigella glandulifera (Ranunculaceae). J Nat Med 2012; 66:645-52. [PMID: 22327801 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new flavonol glycosides, nigelflavonosides A-F (1-6), together with a known compound (7) were isolated from the whole plant of Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint (Ranunculaceae). Structure elucidation, especially the localization of the glycosyl or acetyl groups, and complete (1)H- and (13)C-NMR assignments of these compounds were carried out using one- and two-dimensional NMR measurements, including (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY, in addition to HRESI-TOF-MS experiments.
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23
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Xie H, Liang Y, Ito Y, Wang X, Chen R, He J, Li H, Zhang T. PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF FOUR FLAVONOIDS FROM DAPHNE GENKWA SIEB. ET ZUCC. BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011; 34:2360-2372. [PMID: 22379361 DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.589094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Four flavonoids including luteolin, apigenin, 3'-hydroxygenkwanin and genkwanin were isolated and purified from Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Preparative HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:7:5:5, v/v) was successfully performed by increasing the flow rate of the mobile phase from 1.2 to 2.0 mL/min after 260 min. In a one-step operation, 150 mg of the extracts of D. genkwa was separated to yield 8 mg of luteolin, 25.8 mg of apigenin, 23.6 mg of 3'-hydroxygenkwanin and 35.3 mg genkwanin with the purities of 91.2, 97.4, 94.3 and 95.8%, respectively, analyzed by HPLC using area normalization method. The chemical structures of the four compounds were identified by HPLC, ESI-MS, and (1)H NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Xie
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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24
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Sun A, Zhang Y, Li A, Meng Z, Liu R. Extraction and preparative purification of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1899-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Duanmu Q, Li A, Sun A, Liu R, Li X. Semi-preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography separation of alkaloids from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn by pH-gradient elution. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1746-51. [PMID: 20437410 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new high-speed counter-current chromatography method for semi-preparative separation and purification of alkaloids from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn was developed by using pH-gradient elution mode. Diethyl ether was used as the stationary phase of the two-phase solvent system and Na(2)HPO(4)/NaH(2)PO(4) buffer solution with pH values of 7.5 and 7.2 in gradient mode as the mobile phase. Consequently, 33 mg of liensinine, 42 mg of isoliensinine, and 67 mg of neferine were obtained from 200 mg of crude extracts. The purities of them were all over 98% as determined by HPLC area normalization method, and the structures were identified by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Duanmu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
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26
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Recent Progress of High-speed Counter-current Chromatography Coupling with Other Relative Technologies in Natural Product. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2010.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Ma J, Chen Q, Lai D, Sun W, Zhang T, Ito Y. Separation and purification of triterpene saponins from roots of Radix phytolaccae by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010; 33:563-571. [PMID: 20454595 DOI: 10.1080/10826070903574659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Coupled with evaporative light scattering detection, high-speed countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied for the first time to separation and purification of four triterpene saponins including esculentoside A, B, C and D from roots of Radix Phytolaccae. The separation was performed with an optimized two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-methanol-water (4:4:2, v/v) using the lower phase as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min,. From 150 mg of crude extract 46.3 mg of esculentoside A, 21.8 mg of esculentoside B, 7.3 mg of esculentoside C, and 13.6 mg of esculentoside D were obtained at purities of 96.7%, 99.2%, 96.5% and 97.8%, respectively, as determined by HPLC analysis. The structures of the four triterpene saponins were identified by ESI-MS,(1)H NMR and (13)C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Procvince, Northwest Univesity, Xi'an, 710069, China
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