1
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Brooijmans T, Gonzalez PC, Pirok B, Schoenmakers P, Peters R. Two-dimensional tools for analyzing polymer microstructure; coupling non-aqueous ion-exchange chromatography to size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Zhang M, Hao N, Gao Y, Li L, Ye X. Characterization of mixed solutions of hyperbranched and linear polystyrenes by a combination of size‐exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Nairong Hao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yating Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
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3
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Freye CE, Rosales CJ, Thompson DG, Brown GW, Larson SA. Development of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography for investigating aging of plastic bonded explosives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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5
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Apel N, Ramakrishnan V, Uliyanchenko E, Moyses S, Wold C, Macko T, Brüll R. Correlation between Comprehensive 2D Liquid Chromatography and Monte Carlo Simulations for Branched Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Apel
- Division Plastics, Group Material Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability (LBF), Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Moyses
- SABIC, 1600 Industrial Blvd., Sugar Land, Texas 77478, United States
| | - Christian Wold
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Macko
- Division Plastics, Group Material Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability (LBF), Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Brüll
- Division Plastics, Group Material Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability (LBF), Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Lee S, Choi H, Chang T, Staal B. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Polystyrene/Polybutadiene Block Copolymers. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6259-6266. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Heejae Choi
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Bastiaan Staal
- Competence Center Analytics, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany
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7
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Xu J, Zheng L, Lin L, Sun B, Su G, Zhao M. Stop-flow reversed phase liquid chromatography × size-exclusion chromatography for separation of peptides. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1018:119-126. [PMID: 29605129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with wide application in peptide analysis presents challenges in determination of molecular weight distribution due to the relatively low resolution. In this study, a stop-flow reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) × SEC system was constructed, aiming at improving the peptide separation in SEC. As the chromatographic dispersion during stop-flow operation might contribute to the band broadening in the first dimension (1st D) RPLC, the effects of different stop-flow operational parameters on the additional band broadening were quantitatively evaluated. Unlike analytes of large molecular size or long retention time with low effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), additional band broadening was evidently observed for analytes of small molecular size and short retention time (high Deff). Therefore, optimal flow rate, low column temperature and short stop-flow time were suggested for analyzing small molecules of short retention time. The established stop-flow two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) was further tested on protein hydrolysates. The resolution was evidently improved for both heart-cutting and comprehensive 2D-LC analysis (despite additional band broadening in RPLC). Compared with heart-cutting analysis with higher 1st D resolution for selective fractions, comprehensive analysis could provide more complete information about the molecular weight distribution of the eluting solutes along RPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucai Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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8
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Lee S, Lee H, Chang T, Hirao A. Synthesis and Characterization of an Exact Polystyrene-graft-polyisoprene: A Failure of Size Exclusion Chromatography Analysis. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyojoon Lee
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Akira Hirao
- Polymeric
and Organic Materials Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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9
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Uliyanchenko E. Applications of Hyphenated Liquid Chromatography Techniques for Polymer Analysis. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Schure MR, Moran RE. Size exclusion chromatography with superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:11-19. [PMID: 28007299 PMCID: PMC5266604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A comparison is made using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) of synthetic polymers between fully porous particles (FPPs) and superficially porous particles (SPPs) with similar particle diameters, pore sizes and equal flow rates. Polystyrene molecular weight standards with a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran are utilized for all measurements conducted with standard HPLC equipment. Although it is traditionally thought that larger pore volume is thermodynamically advantageous in SEC for better separations, SPPs have kinetic advantages and these will be shown to compensate for the loss in pore volume compared to FPPs. The comparison metrics include the elution range (smaller with SPPs), the plate count (larger for SPPs), the rate production of theoretical plates (larger for SPPs) and the specific resolution (larger with FPPs). Advantages to using SPPs for SEC are discussed such that similar separations can be conducted faster using SPPs. SEC using SPPs offers similar peak capacities to that using FPPs but with faster operation. This also suggests that SEC conducted in the second dimension of a two-dimensional liquid chromatograph may benefit with reduced run time and with equivalently reduced peak width making SPPs advantageous for sampling the first dimension by the second dimension separator. Additional advantages are discussed for biomolecules along with a discussion of optimization criteria for size-based separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, Kroungold Analytical, Inc., 1299 Butler Pike, Blue Bell, PA, 19422 USA.
| | - Robert E Moran
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Road, Suite 1-K, Quillen Building, Wilmington, DE, 19810, USA
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11
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Lee J, Lee K, Park J, Kim JK, Chang T. Characterization and fractionation of PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer synthesized via click chemistry. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Bouvier ES, Koza SM. Advances in size-exclusion separations of proteins and polymers by UHPLC. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Mekap D, Macko T, Brüll R, Cong R, deGroot W, Parrott A, Yau W. Multiple-Injection Method in High-Temperature Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D HT-LC). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyaranjan Mekap
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability; Division Plastics, Group Material Analytics; Schlossgartenstrasse, 6 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Tibor Macko
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability; Division Plastics, Group Material Analytics; Schlossgartenstrasse, 6 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Robert Brüll
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability; Division Plastics, Group Material Analytics; Schlossgartenstrasse, 6 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rongjuan Cong
- Performance Plastics Characterization and Testing Group; The Dow Chemical Company; 2301, Brazosport Blvd. Freeport TX 77541 USA
| | - Willem deGroot
- Performance Plastics Characterization and Testing Group; The Dow Chemical Company; 2301, Brazosport Blvd. Freeport TX 77541 USA
| | - Albert Parrott
- Performance Plastics Characterization and Testing Group; The Dow Chemical Company; 2301, Brazosport Blvd. Freeport TX 77541 USA
| | - Wallace Yau
- Performance Plastics Characterization and Testing Group; The Dow Chemical Company; 2301, Brazosport Blvd. Freeport TX 77541 USA
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14
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Uhrig D, Morar GC, Goswami M, Huang J, Sumpter BG, Zhou J, Kilbey SM, Pickel DL. Molecular Heterogeneity of Polystyrene-Modified Fullerene Core Stars. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4010499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Uhrig
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - George C. Morar
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Monojoy Goswami
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Computer
Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jingsong Huang
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Computer
Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Computer
Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Deanna L. Pickel
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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15
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Stevenson PR, Dunlap BE, Powell PS, Petersen BV, Hatch CJ, Chan H, Still GI, Fulton MT, McKell JS, Collins DC. Simultaneous chromatography and electrophoresis: two-dimensional planar separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3085-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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17
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Barqawi H, Ostas E, Liu B, Carpentier JF, Binder WH. Multidimensional Characterization of α,ω-Telechelic Poly(ε-caprolactone)s via Online Coupling of 2D Chromatographic Methods (LC/SEC) and ESI-TOF/MALDI-TOF-MS. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3016739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Barqawi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II (Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics), Institute of Chemistry, Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Ostas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II (Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics), Institute of Chemistry, Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bo Liu
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042,
Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042,
Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
II (Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics), Institute of Chemistry, Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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18
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Uliyanchenko E, Cools PJCH, van der Wal S, Schoenmakers PJ. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Separations of Polymers. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7802-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3011582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Uliyanchenko
- Analytical-Chemistry Group,
Faculty of Science, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902,
5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerdj van der Wal
- Analytical-Chemistry Group,
Faculty of Science, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- DSM Resolve, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen,
The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Analytical-Chemistry Group,
Faculty of Science, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Šmigovec Ljubič T, Rebolj K, Pahovnik D, Hadjichristidis N, Žigon M, Žagar E. Utility of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Techniques for a Detailed Characterization of Poly(styrene-b-isoprene) Miktoarm Star Copolymers with Complex Architecture. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3012366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Šmigovec Ljubič
- Laboratory for Polymer
Chemistry
and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Rebolj
- Laboratory for Polymer
Chemistry
and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Laboratory for Polymer
Chemistry
and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Chemical and Life Sciences & Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Bldg Ibn Sina (#3) West, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majda Žigon
- Laboratory for Polymer
Chemistry
and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies, Tehnološki
Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Laboratory for Polymer
Chemistry
and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies, Tehnološki
Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Chromatographic examination of the chemical composition and sequence distribution of copolymers from ethyl and benzyl diazoacetate. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Recent developments in the detailed characterization of polymers by multidimensional chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1240:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Lou X, van Dongen JL, Meijer E. Superheated high temperature to improve size exclusion chromatography separation of polyethylene glycols with chloroform as the mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1237:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Ahn S, Lee H, Lee S, Chang T. Characterization of Branched Polymers by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography with Triple Detection. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyojoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sekyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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24
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Fast liquid chromatography: The domination of core?shell and very fine particles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:57-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Uliyanchenko E, van der Wal S, Schoenmakers PJ. Challenges in polymer analysis by liquid chromatography. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Development of high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography hyphenated with infrared and light scattering detectors for characterization of chemical composition and molecular weight heterogeneities in polyolefin copolymers. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Gu H, Huang Y, Filgueira M, Carr PW. Effect of first dimension phase selectivity in online comprehensive two dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6675-87. [PMID: 21840009 PMCID: PMC3256932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of first dimension column selectivity in reversed phase (RP) online comprehensive two dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC). The second dimension was always a carbon clad metal oxide reversed phase material. The hydrophobic subtraction model (HSM) and the related phase selective triangles were used to guide the selection of six different RP first dimension columns. Various kinds of samples were investigated and thus two different elution conditions were needed to cause full elution from the first dimension columns. We compared LC×LC chromatograms, contours plots, and fcoverage plots by measuring peak capacities, peak numbers, relative spatial coverage, correlation values, etc. The major finding of this study is that the carbon phase due to its rather different selectivity from other reversed phases is reasonably orthogonal to a variety of common types of bonded reversed phases. Thus quite surprisingly the six different first dimension stationary phases all showed generally similar separation patterns when paired to the second dimension carbon phase. This result greatly simplifies the task of choosing the correct pair of phases for RP×RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marcelo Filgueira
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Quim Analit, Fac Ciencias Exactas, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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28
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Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-poly(methylmethacrylate) triblock copolymer. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Uliyanchenko E, Schoenmakers PJ, van der Wal S. Fast and efficient size-based separations of polymers using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1509-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Characterization of polyolefins by comprehensive high-temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HT 2D-LC). Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cunliffe JM, Dreyer DP, Hayes RN, Clement RP, Shen JX. Using temperature to optimize resolution and reduce analysis times for bioanalytical diastereomer LC–MS/MS separations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Transfer-volume effects in two-dimensional chromatography: adsorption-phenomena in second-dimension size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:1147-52. [PMID: 21227427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gradient-elution LC × LC is a valuable technique for the characterization of complex biological samples as well as for synthetic polymers. Breakthrough and viscous fingering may yield misleading information on the sample characteristics or deteriorate separation. In LC × SEC another phenomenon may jeopardize the separation. If the analytes adsorb on the SEC column under the injection-plug conditions, peak splitting may occur. In LC × LC the effluent from the first column is the sample solvent for the analytes injected into the second dimension. If a gradient-elution LC × SEC setup is used (i.e. if reversed-phase gradient-elution LC is coupled to organic SEC and if normal-phase gradient-elution LC is coupled to SEC with a polar solvent), the percentage of weak solvent may be significant, especially at short analysis times. In this case adsorption in the first-dimension-effluent zone on the second-dimension SEC column can become an issue and two peaks--the first eluting in size-exclusion mode and the second undergoing adsorption--can be obtained. The work presented in this paper documents peak splitting in LC × SEC of polymers. The adsorption of the polymer on the size-exclusion column was proven in one-dimensional isocratic runs. The observed effects were modeled and visualized through simulation. Studies on the influence of the transfer volume were carried out. Keeping the transfer volume as small as possible helped to minimize peak splitting due to adsorption.
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Macko T, Brüll R, Zhu Y, Wang Y. A review on the development of liquid chromatography systems for polyolefins. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3446-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) of branched polymers and polysaccharides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1413-23. [PMID: 20967430 PMCID: PMC3026666 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Branched polymers are among the most important polymers, ranging from polyolefins to polysaccharides. Branching plays a key role in the chain dynamics. It is thus very important for application properties such as mechanical and adhesive properties and digestibility. It also plays a key role in viscous properties, and thus in the mechanism of the separation of these polymers in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Critically reviewing the literature, particularly on SEC of polyolefins, polyacrylates and starch, we discuss common pitfalls but also highlight some unexplored possibilities to characterize branched polymers. The presence of a few long-chain branches has been shown to lead to a poor separation in SEC, as evidenced by multiple-detection SEC or multidimensional liquid chromatography. The local dispersity can be large in that case, and the accuracy of molecular weight determination achieved by current methods is poor, although hydrodynamic volume distributions offer alternatives. In contrast, highly branched polymers do not suffer from this extensive incomplete separation in terms of molecular weight. Representation of (a) a linear polymer chain and various branched polymer structures with (b) longchain branches (amylose-like), (c) short-chain branches (amylopectin-like), (d) both short-chain and long-chain branches (polyacrylate- or polyethylene-like). ![]()
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Brudin SS, Shellie RA, Haddad PR, Schoenmakers PJ. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Ion chromatography×reversed-phase liquid chromatography for separation of low-molar-mass organic acids. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6742-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ginzburg A, Macko T, Dolle V, Brüll R. High-temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography of ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6867-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography of diblock copolymers: Simulation at various adsorption interaction conditions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4825-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Improvement of interface in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography and its application in the research of proteomics. Se Pu 2010; 28:163-7. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Roy A, Miller MD, Meunier DM, deGroot AW, Winniford WL, Van Damme FA, Pell RJ, Lyons JW. Development of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional High Temperature Liquid Chromatography × Gel Permeation Chromatography for Characterization of Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Roy
- Filmtec Corporation, Filmtec R&D, Edina, MN 55439
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Characterization of ethylene oxide–propylene oxide block copolymers by combination of different chromatographic techniques and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6627-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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