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Hamidi S. Recent Progresses in Sensitive Determination of Drugs of Abuse by Capillary Electrophoresis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190115153531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Today, “drugs of abuse” pose serious social problems such as many crimes,
medical treatment costs, and economic repercussions. Several worldwide clinical laboratories use analytical
separation methods to analyze their patient samples for drugs and poisons. In this way, they
provide qualitative and quantitative data on the substances in various biological matrices (e.g., urine,
plasma or serum, saliva, and breath).
Methods:
An extensive review of the published articles indicates that the use of Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) coupled with sensitivity enhancing methods is a very attractive area of interest in the
assay of drugs of abuse.
Results:
This review was prepared to have a comprehensive study on applications of sensitivity enhancing
methods on the determination of drugs of abuse especially from 2007 to present. The sample
preconcentration approaches almost address all methods from online preconcentration (both electrophoretic
and chromatographic-based methods) to offline preconcentration. Furthermore, detection
system modification and capillary column fabrications were investigated in order to increase the detection
sensitivity of complex samples in CE.
Conclusion:
The present review summarizes the most recent developments in the detection of drugs
of abuse using CE. Although CE still has a limitation in sensitive detection, several publications in
recent years have proposed valuable methods to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Hamidi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Yao Y, Zhang B, Li S, Yu J, Guo X. Enantioselective analysis of pheniramine in rat using large volume sample stacking or cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping coupled with cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography. Talanta 2018; 192:226-232. [PMID: 30348382 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For the aim of simultaneously performing the enantioseparation and determination of the trace enantiomers in plasma samples, enantioseparation by HPLC using five kinds of chiral stationary phases were initially investigated. But unfortunately, enantioseparation could not be detected in reversed mobile phase mode with all the five columns. For this reason, two simple, economical and highly efficient online preconcentration methods, large volume sample stacking and sweeping (LVSS-sweeping) and cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping (CSEI-sweeping) both followed by the cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography (CDEKC) were examined in the present work. Parameters affecting the enantioseparation and enhancement efficiency of these two injection modes were monitored in detail, and migration order of the two enantiomers was identified by circular dichroism (CD) and HPLC. Upon optimization, two enantiomers were best separated with the improvement of sensitivity reaching 160-fold and 4000-fold respectively for LVSS-sweeping and CSEI-sweeping comparing with the normal CDEKC separation. Then the optimal condition of CSEI-sweeping-CDEKC was validated and showed high sensitivity (10 ng/mL for lower limit of quantification, LLOQ), satisfactory accuracy (96.8-111.6%) and precision (relative standard deviation, RSD within 9.4%). This demonstrated it to be a suitable strategy for the rapid enantioselective determination and quantitative analysis of pheniramine enantiomers in plasma samples. Therefore, the method was further applied in the enantiomeric analysis of pheniramine in rat pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding investigations. Stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics as well as plasma protein binding were observed, suggesting that the stereoselective protein binding might be responsible for the stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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3
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Gałęzowska G, Cieszynska-Semenowicz M, Okrągła E, Szychowska K, Wolska L. Progress in Analytical Techniques for Determination of Urine Components. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1281826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Gałęzowska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Emilia Okrągła
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szychowska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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4
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Airado-Rodríguez D, Hernández-Mesa M, García-Campaña AM, Cruces-Blanco C. Evaluation of the combination of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with sweeping and cation selective exhaustive injection for the determination of 5-nitroimidazoles in egg samples. Food Chem 2016; 213:215-222. [PMID: 27451174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is presented for the sensitive determination of nitromidazole residues in egg by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in combination with cation selective exhaustive injection and ultraviolet detection. Six compounds have been considered and the separation has been achieved in less than 12min in a 61.5-cm effective length capillary with 50-μm internal diameter. Phosphate buffer 44mM pH 2.5, containing 8% tetrahydrofurane and 123mM sodium dodecyl sulfate was employed as running buffer. Solid phase extraction has been employed for sample clean-up. The methodology has been successfully validated in hen eggs, obtaining method detection limits in the range of 2.1-5.0ng/g. Precision was studied in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision, with relative standard deviations lower than 18.0%. Recoveries were calculated in quail eggs and a commercial pasteurized egg white product, reaching over 70% for most of the considered 5-nitroimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Airado-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Cruces-Blanco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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5
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Baciu T, Botello I, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Capillary electrophoresis and related techniques in the determination of drugs of abuse and their metabolites. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Hernández-Mesa M, Airado-Rodríguez D, Cruces-Blanco C, García-Campaña AM. Novel cation selective exhaustive injection-sweeping procedure for 5-nitroimidazole determination in waters by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1341:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Wang K, Chen GH, Wu X, Shi J, Guo DS. Determination of Strobilurin Fungicide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Sweeping. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:157-63. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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8
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Anres P, Delaunay N, Vial J, Thormann W, Gareil P. Influence of high-conductivity buffer composition on field-enhanced sample injection coupled to sweeping in CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:353-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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9
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Sheng J, Ping Q, Lei J, Ju H, Song C, Zhang D. Fast and High-Performance Screening of Narcotic Drugs on a Microfluidic Device by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.653894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Anres P, Delaunay N, Vial J, Gareil P. A chemometric approach for the elucidation of the parameter impact in the hyphenation of field-enhanced sample injection and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1169-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse in biological specimens of forensic interest. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Gao W, Chen G, Chen Y, Li N, Chen T, Hu Z. Selective extraction of alkaloids in human urine by on-line single drop microextraction coupled with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5712-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Brettell
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196, United States
| | - J. M. Butler
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8312, United States
| | - J. R. Almirall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Barroso M, Gallardo E, Vieira DN, Queiroz JA, López-Rivadulla M. Bioanalytical procedures and recent developments in the determination of opiates/opioids in human biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1665-90. [PMID: 21442365 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use and abuse of illegal drugs affects all modern societies, and therefore the assessment of drug exposure is an important task that needs to be accomplished. For this reason, the reliable determination of these drugs and their metabolites in biological specimens is an issue of utmost relevance for both clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories in their fields of expertise, including in utero drug exposure, driving under the influence of drugs and drug use in workplace scenarios. Most of the confirmatory analyses for abused drugs in biological samples are performed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods, but use of the more recent and sensitive liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry technology is increasing dramatically. This article reviews recently published articles that describe procedures for the detection of opiates in the most commonly used human biological matrices, blood and urine, and also in unconventional ones, e.g. oral fluid, hair, and meconium. Special attention will be paid to sample preparation and chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal-Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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El Deeb S, Iriban MA, Gust R. MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:166-83. [PMID: 21171121 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the principle and the developments in MEKC in terms of separation power, sensitivity, and detection approaches more than 25 years after its appearance. Newly used surfactants are mentioned. Classical and new sample concentration techniques in MEKC are described. The different detection approaches in MEKC with advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed. This review highlights the wider application of MEKC in different analytical fields. Various recent selected applications of this technique in different analytical fields are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A practical overview of current methodological and instrumental advances. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:149-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Tagliaro F, Pascali J, Fanigliulo A, Bortolotti F. Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences: A update over years 2007â2009. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:251-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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