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Sanders KL, Edwards JL. Nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and recent applications in omics investigations. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4404-4417. [PMID: 32901622 PMCID: PMC7530103 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is one of the most powerful tools in identifying and quantitating molecular species. Decreasing column diameter from the millimeter to micrometer scale is now a well-developed method which allows for sample limited analysis. Specific fabrication of capillary columns is required for proper implementation and optimization when working in the nanoflow regime. Coupling the capillary column to the mass spectrometer for electrospray ionization (ESI) requires reduction of the subsequent emitter tip. Reduction of column diameter to capillary scale can produce improved chromatographic efficiency and the reduction of emitter tip size increased sensitivity of the electrospray process. This improved sensitivity and ionization efficiency is valuable in analysis of precious biological samples where analytes vary in size, ion affinity, and concentration. In this review we will discuss common approaches and challenges in implementing nLC-MS methods and how the advantages can be leveraged to investigate a wide range of biomolecules.
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Ma S, Wang Y, Zhang N, Lyu J, Ma C, Xu J, Li X, Ou J, Ye M. Integrated Microstructured Photonic Fiber as a Bifunctional Robust Frit and Efficient Electrospray Emitter of a Packed Column for Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Complex Biological Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2274-2282. [PMID: 31846285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although capillary liquid chromatography married with tandem mass spectrometry (cLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics and metabolomics research, it is still a great challenge to fabricate durable capillary-based analytical columns coupling continuous nanoflow (<1 000 nL/min) electrospray ionization (ESI) with MS, owing to the issue of clogging and fragile of emitters. Here, we proposed a simple approach to integrate microstructured photonic fibers (MPFs) into wide bore capillaries with 150 μm i.d., serving as an integral bifunctional frit or/and ESI emitter of packed columns. Two kinds of MPFs containing 126 homogeneous microchannels with different inner diameter, 3.2 μm for MPF-1 and 2.6 μm for MPF-2, were explored for preparation. The octadecylsilicate (ODS) silica-packed column using MPF-1 as a frit exhibited the lowest plate heights of 14.2-19.7 μm for five alkylbenzenes at the velocity of 1.5 mm/s, which were slightly lower than those of packed column with porous polymer monolith (PPM)-based frit by cLC coupling with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Additionally, the packed columns with integral MPF frit-emitters were further applied in analysis of a complex biological sample of digest of Hela cells by cLC-MS. An average of 7109 unique peptides could be identified in a single analysis by using MPF-1 emitter, and 7110 unique peptides were identified by using the MPF-2 emitter, which were superior to the identified result of packed column with an integral tapered tip emitter (6894 peptides). It is obvious that this novel integral MPF-based frit-emitter does not easily suffer from the issues of cracking owing to the silica cladding around independent microchannels (>100), which always encumbers both independent and integral tapered tip emitters for cLC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiawen Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Junwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Xue Y, Gu X, Wang Y, Yan C. Recent advances on capillary columns, detectors, and two-dimensional separations in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:124-34. [PMID: 25223262 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As a typical miniaturized analytical technique, CEC has attracted much attention because of its low sample and solvent consumption, high efficiency, high selectivity, high resolution, and fast speed. In this review, we mainly cover the development of capillary columns and detection techniques in the CEC since 2009. Herein, three types of capillary columns, namely, open-tubular capillary columns, monolithic columns and packed columns, and several types of detectors are reviewed in detail. Moreover, a 2D separation system based on CEC is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Wang S, Su P, Huang J, Wu J, Yang Y. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with immobilized alkaline phosphatase for enzymolysis and enzyme inhibition assays. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1749-1754. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction and determination of puerarin in rat plasma using C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 912:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhu Y, Zhou C, Qin S, Ren Z, Zhang L, Fu H, Zhang W. A novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography with magnetic nanoparticle coating as stationary phase. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:340-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Sasa Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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