1
|
Starovoit MR, Jadeja S, Gazárková T, Lenčo J. Mitigating In-Column Artificial Modifications in High-Temperature LC-MS for Bottom-Up Proteomics and Quality Control of Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14531-14540. [PMID: 39196537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Elevating the column temperature is an effective strategy for improving the chromatographic separation of peptides. However, high temperatures induce artificial modifications that compromise the quality of the peptide analysis. Here, we present a novel high-temperature LC-MS method that retains the benefits of a high column temperature while significantly reducing peptide modification and degradation during reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Our approach leverages a short inline trap column maintained at a near-ambient temperature installed upstream of a separation column. The retentivity and dimensions of the trap column were optimized to shorten the residence time of peptides in the heated separation column without compromising the separation performance. This easy-to-implement approach increased peak capacity by 1.4-fold within a 110 min peptide mapping of trastuzumab and provided 10% more peptide identifications in exploratory LC-MS proteomic analyses compared with analyses conducted at 30 °C while maintaining the extent of modifications close to the background level. In the peptide mapping of biopharmaceuticals, where in-column modifications can falsely elevate the levels of some critical quality attributes, the method reduced temperature-related artifacts by 66% for N-terminal pyroGlu and 63% for oxidized Met compared to direct injection at 60 °C, thus improving reliability in quality control of protein drugs. Our findings represent a promising advancement in LC-MS methodology, providing researchers and industry professionals with a valuable tool for improving the chromatographic separation of peptides while significantly reducing the unwanted modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mykyta R Starovoit
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Siddharth Jadeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Taťána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Lenčo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gritti F, Meyyappan S. Physical origin of the peak tailing of monoclonal antibodies in size-exclusion chromatography using bio-compatible systems and columns. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1281-1291. [PMID: 38236392 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of mixtures containing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (approximately 150 kDa molecular weight) and sub-unit impurities (approximately 100 kDa) is challenging, even when adopting the latest ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) columns (4.6 mm [Formula: see text] 150 mm coated hardware, 1.7 [Formula: see text]m 250 BEH[Formula: see text] Surface-modified Particles) and systems (ACQUITY[Formula: see text] UPLC[Formula: see text] I-class Bio Plus). The main issue still encountered is a persistent tail of the mAb peak. Here, the physical origin(s) of such peak tailing in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are investigated from both fundamental and practical approaches. Up to five relevant physical origins are analyzed: sample heterogeneity (glycoforms), UHPLC system dispersion, strong residual binding of the mAb to the SEC particles (via hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions) and to the stainless steel column/system hardware, slow escape kinetics of the mAb from the SEC particles, and flow heterogeneity caused by the non-ideal slurry packing of SEC columns. Experiments (testing sample heterogeneity, system dispersion, and strong residual interactions) and calculations (predicting the transient absorption/escape kinetics in a single SEC particle and the two-dimensional peak concentration profiles) altogether unambiguously demonstrate that the observed mAb peak tailing is caused primarily by the long-range velocity biases across the SEC column combined with the slow transverse dispersion of mAbs. Therefore, improvement in the resolution between mAb and sub-unit fragment impurities can only be achieved by increasing the column length, e.g., by applying recycling chromatography at acceptable pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA, 01757, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Filip B, Bochenek R, Marek WK, Antos D. Flow behavior of protein solutions in a lab-scale chromatographic system. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464178. [PMID: 37392636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
A fluid dynamics model has been developed to describe flow behavior in a lab-scale chromatographic system dedicated for protein processing. The case study included a detailed analysis of elution pattern of a protein, which was a monoclonal antibody, glycerol, and their mixtures in aqueous solutions. Glycerol solutions mimicked viscous environment of the concentrated protein solutions. The model accounted for concentration dependences of solution viscosity and density, and dispersion anisotropy in the packed bed. It was implemented into a commercial computational fluid dynamics software using user-defined functions. The prediction efficiency was successfully verified by comparing the model simulations in the form of the concentration profiles and their variances with the corresponding experimental data. The contribution of the individual elements of the chromatographic system to protein band broadening was evaluated for different configurations: for the extra-column volumes in the absence of the chromatographic column, for the zero-length column without the packed bed and for the column containing the packed bed. The influence of the operating variables, including: the mobile phase flowrate, the type of the injection system, i.e., the injection loop capillary or the superloop, the injection volume and the length of the packed bed, on band broadening of the protein was determined under nonadsorbing conditions. For protein solutions having viscosity comparable with the mobile phase, the flow behavior either in the column hardware or in the injection system made major contributions to band broadening, which depended on the type of the injection system. For highly viscous protein solution, the flow behavior in the packed bed exerted a dominant influence on band broadening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Filip
- Doctoral School of the Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Roman Bochenek
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech K Marek
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Insights on further improving fast size exclusion chromatography separations of biopharmaceuticals using 2.1 millimetre column diameters. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1690:463810. [PMID: 36693293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries call for the miniaturization of size exclusion chromatography. The thought of such a future has been tantalizing but there are many practical and theoretical considerations that have impeded progress. Here, the capabilities of a narrow bore 2.1 mm ID SEC column have been studied and compared to reference 150 × 4.6 mm SEC columns when using UV detection. While our study reconfirms the importance of having very low system dispersion for SEC separations, it goes on to show that a 150 × 2.1 mm 1.7 µm particle SEC column can offer a balanced compromise of performance. Despite the fact that the 150 × 2.1 mm ID 1.7 µm column's intrinsic efficiency was not fully utilized, it still performed with an apparent efficiency similar to that of a 150 × 4.6 mm ID 2.5 µm column. Beyond this, our study provides insights on what more will need to be achieved to robustly establish low flow SEC separations. If SEC chromatographers aim to miniaturize sizing separations to 1 mm diameters or below, there is more work to do on chromatographic instruments and flow paths. In order for an instrument to be optimized for 1 mm ID SEC it would need to exhibit a system variance of less than 0.5 µL2.
Collapse
|
5
|
Matsumoto Y, Kikuchi M, Ueda K, Enomoto K, Narumi A, Kawaguchi S. Highly reliable determination of the interdetector delay volume in SEC-MALS for precise characterization of macromolecules having narrow and broad molar mass distributions. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
6
|
Lenčo J, Jadeja S, Naplekov DK, Krokhin OV, Khalikova MA, Chocholouš P, Urban J, Broeckhoven K, Nováková L, Švec F. Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography of Peptides for Bottom-Up Proteomics: A Tutorial. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2846-2892. [PMID: 36355445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the current bottom-up liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses has undoubtedly been fueled by spectacular progress in mass spectrometry. It is thus not surprising that the MS instrument attracts the most attention during LC-MS method development, whereas optimizing conditions for peptide separation using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) remains somewhat in its shadow. Consequently, the wisdom of the fundaments of chromatography is slowly vanishing from some laboratories. However, the full potential of advanced MS instruments cannot be achieved without highly efficient RPLC. This is impossible to attain without understanding fundamental processes in the chromatographic system and the properties of peptides important for their chromatographic behavior. We wrote this tutorial intending to give practitioners an overview of critical aspects of peptide separation using RPLC to facilitate setting the LC parameters so that they can leverage the full capabilities of their MS instruments. After briefly introducing the gradient separation of peptides, we discuss their properties that affect the quality of LC-MS chromatograms the most. Next, we address the in-column and extra-column broadening. The last section is devoted to key parameters of LC-MS methods. We also extracted trends in practice from recent bottom-up proteomics studies and correlated them with the current knowledge on peptide RPLC separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Lenčo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Siddharth Jadeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Denis K Naplekov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V Krokhin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, WinnipegR3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria A Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Urban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gritti FG, Meyyappan S, Leveille WP, Hill J. Improved Performance of UHPLC–MS Hyphenated Systems. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.im3069q9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) research prototype instrument was built to improve the resolution power and the usability of conventional LC–MS hyphenated instruments for routine analyses in pharmaceutical applications. The improved characteristics of this UHPLC–MS system include: 1) the dramatic reduction of post-column sample dispersion; 2) the adoption of vacuum jacketed columns (VJC) for the reduction of undesirable radial temperature gradients across the column diameter; and 3) the presence of a column outlet end nut heater to refocus the distorted peaks prior to analyte ionization. The benefits of each of these added features are analyzed with a rigorous approach from a peak broadening perspective. A 2x improvement in peak capacities recorded with this prototype UHPLC–MS system compared to a standard system (Acquity UHPLC I-class/Xevo TQ-S) is illustrated for the gradient separation of seven small pharmaceutical compounds using a 2.1 mm x 100 mm column packed with sub-2-μm core-shell particles (1.6 μm Acquity UHPLC Cortecs C18 column).
Collapse
|
8
|
Khater S, Ferguson P, Grand-Guillaume-Perrenoud A. Method development approaches for small-molecule analytes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
9
|
Filip B, Bochenek R, Baran K, Strzałka D, Antos D. Influence of the geometry of extra column volumes on band broadening in a chromatographic system. Predictions by computational fluid dynamics. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462410. [PMID: 34332316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics method was used for prediction of flow behavior and band profiles of small- and macro-molecule compounds eluting in extra-column volumes (ECV) of an Äkta chromatographic system. The model compounds were: acetone, bovine serum albumin and an antibody. The construction of ECV was approximated by different types of geometries, starting from the simplest two-dimensional (2D) arrangement consisting of a straight capillary tube, and ending with a three-dimensional system (3D), which accounted for the flow path curvature of individual elements of ECV, including: injection loop capillary, multi-way valve, connecting capillary and detector cell. The accuracy of the model predictions depended on the flow path length and the eluent flowrate. 2D-geometry models reproduced pretty well the shapes of band profiles recorded at the lowest eluent flowrate used, but they failed for increased flowrates. The 3D-geometry model was found to be sufficiently accurate for all conditions investigated. It was exploited to analyze band broadening in the individual ECV elements. The simulation results revealed that the flow behavior in the injection loop capillaries strongly influenced the shape of band profiles, particularly at higher eluent velocities. This was attributed to the formation of Dean vertices triggered by centrifugal forces in curved parts of the eluent flow path.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Filip
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Roman Bochenek
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Krystian Baran
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dominik Strzałka
- Department of Complex Systems, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Terada H, Kuroda I, Uzu H, Ohira M, Yoshikawa K, Furuno M, Fukusaki E, Tanaka N. Reduction of the extra-column band dispersion by a slow transport and splitting of a sample band in isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461996. [PMID: 33640804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sample introduction method was studied to reduce the extra-column effect in reversed-phase HPLC. Slow transport of a sample band (SToSB) in the pre-column space followed by the introduction of the band into the column at a near-optimum flow rate resulted in larger plate counts for a 1.0 mmID, 5 cm long column as much as 1.4-1.6 times for solutes with a retention factor (k) of 0.5-1.8 compared to a conventional elution method. Further reduction of the extra-column effect was possible by orthogonally splitting the sample band (SplSB) by flow switching during its slow transport followed by the introduction of the leading part of the band into the column. In this case, increased plate counts of up to 2-3 times for solutes with k of 0.5-1.8 were observed for a 1.0 mmID, 5 cm column. The sample introduction method, SToSB in the injector and the pre-column tube of a few μL, was found to reduce the extra-column band variance by 0.4-0.5 μL2 for an UHPLC system with the extra-column volume (Vextra) of ca. 4.6 μL and the system variance (σextra2) of 1.1 μL2 at flow rate of 100 μL/min, while SToSB and subsequent SplSB were found to be more effective, reducing σextra2 by about 0.8 μL2. With an UHPLC instrument with Vextra of about 10 μL and σextra2 of ca. 3.6 μL2 at flow rate of 300 μL/min, 1.4-2.1 times as many plate counts were observed with SToSB and SplSB compared to the normal elution method for early-eluting solutes with k=0.25-1.7 for a column, 2.1 mmID, 5 cm long. With this UHPLC instrument, SToSB and/or SplSB resulted in the reduction of σextra2 by 1.2-2.2 μL2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Terada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kuroda
- GL Sciences Inc., 237-2 Sayamagahara, Iruma, Saitama 358-0032, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Uzu
- GL Sciences Inc., 237-2 Sayamagahara, Iruma, Saitama 358-0032, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ohira
- GL Sciences Inc., 237-2 Sayamagahara, Iruma, Saitama 358-0032, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; GL Sciences Inc., 237-2 Sayamagahara, Iruma, Saitama 358-0032, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gunnarson C, Lauer T, Willenbring H, Larson E, Dittmann M, Broeckhoven K, Stoll DR. Implications of dispersion in connecting capillaries for separation systems involving post-column flow splitting. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461893. [PMID: 33524933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is common practice in liquid chromatography to split the flow of the effluent exiting the analytical column into two or more parts, either to enable parallel detection (e.g., coupling the separation to two destructive detectors such as light scattering and mass spectrometry (MS)), or to accommodate flow rate limitations of a detector (e.g., electrospray ionization mass spectrometry). In these instances the user must make choices about split ratio and dimensions of connecting tubing that is used between the split point and the detector, however these details are frequently not mentioned in the literature, and rarely justified. In our own work we often split the effluent following the second dimension (2D) column in two-dimensional liquid chromatography systems coupled to MS detection, and we have frequently observed post 2D column peak broadening that is larger than we would expect to result from dispersion in the MS ionization source itself. For the present paper we describe a series of experiments aimed at understanding the impact of the split ratio and post-split connecting tubing dimensions on dispersion of peaks exiting an analytical column. We start with the simple idea - based on the principle of conservation of mass - that analyte peaks entering the split point are split into two parts such that the analyte mass (and thus peak volume) entering and exiting the split point is conserved, and directly related to the ratio of flow rates entering and exiting the split point. Measurements of peak width and variance after the split point show that this simple view of the splitting process - along with estimates of additional dispersion in the post-split tubing - is sufficient to predict peak variances at the detector with accuracy that is sufficient to guide experimental work (median error of about 10% over a wide range of conditions). We feel it is most impactful to recognize that flow splitting impacts apparent post-column dispersion not because anything unexpected happens in the splitting process, but because the split dramatically reduces the volume of the analyte peak, which then is more susceptible to dispersion in connecting tubing that would not cause significant dispersion under conditions where splitting is not implemented. These results will provide practitioners with a solid basis on which rational decisions about split ratios and dimensions of post-split tubing can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caden Gunnarson
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Department of Chemistry, St. Peter, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Lauer
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Department of Chemistry, St. Peter, MN, USA
| | | | - Eli Larson
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Department of Chemistry, St. Peter, MN, USA
| | - Monika Dittmann
- Agilent Technologies, R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co KG, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Gustavus Adolphus College, Department of Chemistry, St. Peter, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wahab MF, Roy D, Armstrong DW. The theory and practice of ultrafast liquid chromatography: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1151:238170. [PMID: 33608081 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern high-throughput experimentation and challenging analytical problems of academic/industrial research have put the responsibility on separation scientists to develop new fast separation approaches. With the availability of high-pressure pumps, small particles with hydrolytically stable surface chemistries, reduced extra-column band broadening, and low volume detectors with fast signal processing, it is now feasible to do sub-minute to sub-second chromatography. Herein, the fundamental theoretical principles of ultrafast chromatography, along with practical solutions, are reviewed. Approaches for rapid separations in packed beds, narrow open tubular columns, and monoliths are demonstrated, along with the challenges that were faced. The instrumentation requirements (pumps, injection systems, detectors, column packing process) for using short columns ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm are examined, followed by real applications. One of the main problems in ultrafast chromatography is partial or complete peak overlap. As per Gidding's statistical overlap theory, peak overlap cannot be avoided for a completely random sample for a column with a given peak capacity. Signal processing techniques based on Fourier transform deconvolution of band broadening, power laws, derivatives, and iterative curve fitting are explained to help improve the chromatographic resolution. An example of ten peaks separated in under a second is shown and discussed. Other ultrafast separations in supercritical fluid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis are briefly mentioned to provide a complete understanding of this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Daipayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Assessing effects of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography instrument configuration on dispersion, system pressure, and retention. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461660. [PMID: 33189961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study involves the systematic assessment of the effects of system configuration on dispersion, pressure, and retention characteristics while operating a 1500 bar UHPLC system with 2.1 mm i.d. × 100 mm long columns packed with 1.5 µm core-shell particles in isocratic and gradient mode. Altering the system configuration by changing the i.d. of connection tubing and flow cells affects the elution time, dispersion characteristics, and the kinetic performance limits of the system. The gain in separation efficiency when decreasing tubing i.d. from 100 to 75 µm was found to contribute more to the decrease in separation impedance and the position of the kinetic performance curve than the loss in available column pressure induced by the narrower tubing. When applying steep gradients, characterized by gradient-to-column dead-time ratio < 7, optimizing instrument configuration leads to either a significant time gain factor of 3.9 without compromising peak capacity, or a gain in peak capacity with a gain factor of 1.3 while maintaining the analysis time constant. Due to the reduced fluidic volume of connection tubing of smaller i.d., a decrease in residence time is obtained. At the same time, an increase in k was observed due to a pressure-induced retention effect, and this effect is significant for late-eluting analytes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Column-in-valve designs to minimize extra-column volumes. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461779. [PMID: 33385742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design and performance of in-house built column cartridges that can be directly screwed into the ports of a commercial rotor-stator valve to minimize extra-column band broadening and pressure-drop losses when pursuing ultra-fast separations such as those needed in 2D and 3D-LC separations. Two basic designs were evaluated and were compared with the results obtained with a commercial screw-in column cartridge. The system produces an extra-column band broadening as low as 0.05 to 0.1 μL2 for the employed UV-detector set-up. Despite these very low values, the obtained separation efficiency of the in-house fabricated cartridge columns was very low, corresponding to a reduced minimal plate height around h=7 at the very best, which, for the 1.7 μm particle and 26.4 mm long columns corresponds to a number of theoretical plates of N=2200 under isocratic conditions. A similar poor performance was obtained with a commercial column cartridge with similar dimensions using the same set-up. One possible explanation of the observed performance could be found in the inner diameter of the column cartridges (i.d. =0.75 mm and 1 mm) which, for the employed sub 2-μm particles, falls into a region of column diameters that, according to literature models, is most likely to suffer from inherent packing problems.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ding M, Yang L, Zeng J, Yan X, Wang Q. Orderly MOF-Assembled Hybrid Monolithic Stationary Phases for Nano-Flow HPLC. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15757-15765. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moussa A, Lauer T, Stoll D, Desmet G, Broeckhoven K. Numerical and experimental investigation of analyte breakthrough from sampling loops used for multi-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Gritti F, Hlushkou D, Tallarek U. Multiple-open-tubular column enabling transverse diffusion. Part 1: Band broadening model for accurate mass transfer predictions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Nys G, Cobraiville G, Fillet M. Multidimensional performance assessment of micro pillar array column chromatography combined to ion mobility-mass spectrometry for proteome research. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1086:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
19
|
Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Advances and Challenges in Extremely High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Current and Future Analytical Scale Column Formats. Anal Chem 2019; 92:554-560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaplitz AS, Kresge GA, Selover B, Horvat L, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias KM, Foster SW, Davis JJ, Grinias JP. High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 92:67-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Glenn A. Kresge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Benjamin Selover
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Leah Horvat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | | | - Justin M. Godinho
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19810, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Grinias
- Analytical Platforms & Platform Modernization, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Samuel W. Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joshua J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Desmet G, Broeckhoven K. Extra-column band broadening effects in contemporary liquid chromatography: Causes and solutions. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
22
|
Gritti F, Tanaka N. Slow injector-to-column sample transport to maximize resolution in liquid chromatography: Theory versus practice. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:219-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
23
|
Baran K, Marek WK, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Effect of flow behavior in extra-column volumes on the retention pattern of proteins in a small column. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Memon N, Qureshi T, Bhanger MI, Malik MI. Recent Trends in Fast Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180912125155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Liquid chromatography is the workhorse of analytical laboratories of pharmaceutical
companies for analysis of bulk drug materials, intermediates, drug products, impurities and
degradation products. This efficient technique is impeded by its long and tedious analysis procedures.
Continuous efforts of scientists to reduce the analysis time resulted in the development of three different
approaches namely, HTLC, chromatography using monolithic columns and UHPLC.
Methods:
Modern column technology and advances in chromatographic stationary phase including
silica-based monolithic columns and reduction in particle and column size (UHPLC) have not only
revolutionized the separation power of chromatographic analysis but also have remarkably reduced the
analysis time. Automated ultra high-performance chromatographic systems equipped with state-ofthe-
art software and detection systems have now spawned a new field of analysis, termed as Fast Liquid
Chromatography (FLC). The chromatographic approaches that can be included in FLC are hightemperature
liquid chromatography, chromatography using monolithic column, and ultrahigh performance
liquid chromatography.
Results:
This review summarizes the progress of FLC in pharmaceutical analysis during the period
from year 2008 to 2017 focusing on detecting pharmaceutical drugs in various matrices, characterizing
active compounds of natural products, and drug metabolites. High temperature, change in the mobile
phase, use of monolithic columns, new non-porous, semi-porous and fully porous reduced particle size
of/less than 3μm packed columns technology with high-pressure pumps have been extensively studied
and successively applied to real samples. These factors revolutionized the fast high-performance separations.
Conclusion:
Taking into account the recent development in fast liquid chromatography approaches,
future trends can be clearly predicated. UHPLC must be the most popular approach followed by the
use of monolithic columns. Use of high temperatures during analysis is not a feasible approach especially
for pharmaceutical analysis due to thermosensitive nature of analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najma Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Univeristy of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Qureshi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Univeristy of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ibrahim D, Ghanem A. On the Enantioselective HPLC Separation Ability of Sub-2 µm Columns: Chiralpak ® IG-U and ID-U. Molecules 2019; 24:E1287. [PMID: 30986997 PMCID: PMC6480392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica with a particle size of 3-5 µm has been widely used as selector backbone material in 10-25 cm HPLC chiral columns. Yet, with the availability of 1.6 µm particles, shorter, high-efficiency columns practical for minute chiral separations are possible to fabricate. Herein, we investigate the use of two recently commercialized sub-2 µm columns with different substituents. Thus, Chiralpak® IG-U and ID-U were used in HPLC for the fast enantioseparation of a set of drugs. Chiralpak® IG-U [amylose tris (3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate)] has two substituents on the phenyl ring, namely, a withdrawing chlorine group in the third position and a donating group in the fifth position. Chiralpak® ID-U [amylose tris (3-chlorophenylcarbamate)] has only one substituent on the phenyl ring, namely a withdrawing chlorine group. Their applications in three liquid chromatography modes, namely, normal phase, polar organic mode, and reversed phase, were demonstrated. Both columns have similar column parameters (50 mm length, 3 mm internal diameter, and 1.6 µm particle size) with the chiral stationary phase as the only variable. Improved chromatographic enantioresolution was obtained with Chiralpak® ID-U. Amino acids partially separated were reported for the first time under an amylose-based sub-2-micron column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ibrahim
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gritti F, Gilar M. Impact of frit dispersion on gradient performance in high-throughput liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1591:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
27
|
Vera C, Samuelsson J, Fornstedt T, Dennis G, Shalliker R. Visualisation of axial temperature gradients and heat transfer process of different solvent compositions in ultra high performance liquid chromatography using thermography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Shishkova E, Hebert AS, Coon JJ. Now, More Than Ever, Proteomics Needs Better Chromatography. Cell Syst 2018; 3:321-324. [PMID: 27788355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
From plant research to biomedicine, proteome analysis plays a critical role in many areas of biological inquiry. Steady improvement in mass spectrometer (MS) technology has transformed the speed and depth of proteome analysis. Proteomes of simple organisms can now be sequenced to near completion in just over an hour. Comparable coverage of mammalian proteomes, however, still requires hours or even days of analysis. Here we ask why current technology fails to achieve comprehensive and rapid analysis of the more complex mammalian proteomes. We propose that further advancements in MS technology alone are unlikely to solve this problem and suggest that concomitant improvements in peptide separation technology will be critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Shishkova
- The Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- The Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; The Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cameron SJ, Takáts Z. Mass spectrometry approaches to metabolic profiling of microbial communities within the human gastrointestinal tract. Methods 2018; 149:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
30
|
Kuroda I, Uzu H, Miyazaki S, Ohira M, Tanaka N. Reduction of the extra-column band dispersion by a slow transport of a sample band from the injector to the column in isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
31
|
Barkovits K, Linden A, Galozzi S, Schilde L, Pacharra S, Mollenhauer B, Stoepel N, Steinbach S, May C, Uszkoreit J, Eisenacher M, Marcus K. Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid via Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3418-3430. [PMID: 30207155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the brain and serves as a valuable specimen to examine diseases of the central nervous system through analyzing its components. These include the analysis of metabolites, cells as well as proteins. For identifying new suitable diagnostic protein biomarkers bottom-up data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mass spectrometry-based approaches are most popular. Drawbacks of this method are stochastic and irreproducible precursor ion selection. Recently, data-independent acquisition (DIA) emerged as an alternative method. It overcomes several limitations of DDA, since it combines the benefits of DDA and targeted methods like selected reaction monitoring (SRM). We established a DIA method for in-depth proteome analysis of CSF. For this, four spectral libraries were generated with samples from native CSF ( n = 5), CSF fractionation (15 in total) and substantia nigra fractionation (54 in total) and applied to three CSF DIA replicates. The DDA and DIA methods for CSF were conducted with the same nanoLC parameters using a 180 min gradient. Compared to a conventional DDA method, our DIA approach increased the number of identified protein groups from 648 identifications in DDA to 1574 in DIA using a comprehensive spectral library generated with DDA measurements from five native CSF and 54 substantia nigra fractions. We also could show that a sample specific spectral library generated from native CSF only increased the identification reproducibility from three DIA replicates to 90% (77% with a DDA method). Moreover, by utilizing a substantia nigra specific spectral library for CSF DIA, over 60 brain-originated proteins could be identified compared to only 11 with DDA. In conclusion, the here presented optimized DIA method substantially outperforms DDA and could develop into a powerful tool for biomarker discovery in CSF. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifiers PXD010698, PXD010708, PXD010690, PXD010705, and PXD009624.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Barkovits
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Andreas Linden
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Sara Galozzi
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Lukas Schilde
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Sandra Pacharra
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik , Klinikstraße 16 , D-34128 Kassel , Germany
| | - Nadine Stoepel
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Simone Steinbach
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Julian Uszkoreit
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty , Medizinisches Proteom-Center , Universitaetsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vera C, Samuelsson J, Fornstedt T, Dennis G, Shalliker R. Protocol for the visualisation of axial temperature gradients in ultra high performance liquid chromatography using infrared cameras. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
33
|
Makarov AA, Mann BF, Regalado EL, Pirrone GF, Sun C, Sun S, Nowak T, Wang H, Mangion I. Visualizing and studying frictional heating effects in reversed-phase liquid chromatography using infrared thermal imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1018:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Deridder S, Desmet G, Broeckhoven K. Numerical investigation of band spreading generated by flow-through needle and fixed loop sample injectors. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1552:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
35
|
Scalability of pre-packed preparative chromatography columns with different diameters and lengths taking into account extra column effects. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1537:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
36
|
Broeckhoven K, Vanderlinden K, Guillarme D, Desmet G. On-tubing fluorescence measurements of the band broadening of contemporary injectors in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1535:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
37
|
Fekete S, Guillarme D. Influence of connection tubing in modern size exclusion chromatography and its impact on the characterization of mAbs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Haque SA, Cañete SJP. HPLC-CUPRAC post-column derivatization method for the determination of antioxidants: a performance comparison between porous silica and core-shell column packing. J Anal Sci Technol 2018; 9:4. [PMID: 29387504 PMCID: PMC5770480 DOI: 10.1186/s40543-018-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An HPLC method employing a post-column derivatization strategy using the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity reagent (CUPRAC reagent) for the determining antioxidants in plant-based materials leverages the separation capability of regular HPLC approaches while allowing for detection specificity for antioxidants. METHODS Three different column types, namely core-shell and porous silica including two chemically different core-shell materials (namely phenyl-hexyl and C18), were evaluated to assess potential improvements that could be attained by changing from a porous silica matrix to a core-shell matrix. Tea extracts were used as sample matrices for the evaluation specifically looking at catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). RESULTS Both the C18 and phenyl-hexyl core-shell columns showed better performance compared to the C18 porous silica one in terms of separation, peak shape, and retention time. Among the two core-shell materials, the phenyl-hexyl column showed better resolving power compared to the C18 column. CONCLUSIONS The CUPRAC post-column derivatization method can be improved using core-shell columns and suitable for quantifying antioxidants, exemplified by catechin and EGCG, in tea samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. Haque
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| | - Socrates Jose P. Cañete
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dasgupta PK, Shelor CP, Kadjo AF, Kraiczek KG. Flow-Cell-Induced Dispersion in Flow-through Absorbance Detection Systems: True Column Effluent Peak Variance. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2063-2069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Purnendu K. Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Charles Phillip Shelor
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Akinde Florence Kadjo
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Impact of instrument and column parameters on high-throughput liquid chromatography performance. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:215-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
41
|
Mattrey FT, Makarov AA, Regalado EL, Bernardoni F, Figus M, Hicks MB, Zheng J, Wang L, Schafer W, Antonucci V, Hamilton SE, Zawatzky K, Welch CJ. Current challenges and future prospects in chromatographic method development for pharmaceutical research. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
42
|
Welch CJ. Are We Approaching a Speed Limit for the Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers? ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:823-829. [PMID: 28852695 PMCID: PMC5571467 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As the speed of chromatographic enantioseparations advances to the point where the enantiomers of most chiral compounds can be resolved in less than a minute, some in less than a second, we pose the question of how this field is likely to develop over the next few years. Are we approaching a fundamental speed limit, or will further technological advances continue to deliver faster and faster separations? Are faster separations even needed for chemical research, and if so, how will they help? We herein examine this trend, investigating the barriers that currently limit speed and offering some insights into the continued evolution of fast chromatographic enantioseparations.
Collapse
|
43
|
Peris-Díaz MD, Alcoriza-Balaguer MI, García-Cañaveras JC, Santonja F, Sentandreu E, Lahoz A. RpeakChrom: Novel R package for the automated characterization and optimization of column efficiency in high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2985-2995. [PMID: 28665035 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of chromatographic columns using the traditional van Deemter method is limited by the necessity of calculating extra-column variance, issue particularly relevant when modeling asymmetrical peaks eluted from monolithic columns. A novel R package that implements Parabolic Variance Modified Gaussian approach for accurate peak modeling, van Deemter equation and two alternatives approaches, based on van Deemter, has been developed to calculate the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP). To assess package capabilities conventional packed reverse-phase and monolithic HPLC columns were characterized. Peaks eluted from the monolithic column showed a high value of factor asymmetry due, in part, to the contribution of extra-column factors. Such deviation can be circumvented by the two alternatives approaches implemented in the R-package. Furthermore, increased values of eddy diffusion and mass transfer kinetics terms in HETP were observed for the packed column, while accuracy was below 9% in all cases. These results showed the usefulness of the R-package for both modeling chromatographic peaks and assessing column efficiency. The RpeakChrom package could become a helpful tool for testing new stationary phases during column development and to evaluate column during its lifetime. This R tool is freely available from CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RpeakChrom).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel David Peris-Díaz
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Analytical Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Alcoriza-Balaguer
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Analytical Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Cañaveras
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Analytical Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Santonja
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultat de Ciencias Matematicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Enrique Sentandreu
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Analytical Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Lahoz
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Analytical Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gritti F, Fogwill M. Speed-resolution advantage of turbulent supercritical fluid chromatography in open tubular columns: II – Theoretical and experimental evidences. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1501:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
45
|
Blue LE, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias JP, Grinias KM, Lunn DB, Moore SM. Recent advances in capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:17-39. [PMID: 28599863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the twenty years since its initial demonstration, capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has proven to be one of most powerful separation techniques for the analysis of complex mixtures. This review focuses on the most recent advances made since 2010 towards increasing the performance of such separations. Improvements in capillary column preparation techniques that have led to columns with unprecedented performance are described. New stationary phases and phase supports that have been reported over the past decade are detailed, with a focus on their use in capillary formats. A discussion on the instrument developments that have been required to ensure that extra-column effects do not diminish the intrinsic efficiency of these columns during analysis is also included. Finally, the impact of these capillary UHPLC topics on the field of proteomics and ways in which capillary UHPLC may continue to be applied to the separation of complex samples are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Blue
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Edward G Franklin
- HPLC Research & Development, Restek Corp., Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Justin M Godinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Kaitlin M Grinias
- Department of Product Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Daniel B Lunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Schultze-Jena A, Boon M, Bussmann P, Janssen A, van der Padt A. The counterintuitive role of extra-column volume in the determination of column efficiency and scaling of chromatographic processes. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
47
|
Gritti F. Extension of Golay's plate height equation from laminar to turbulent flow I – Theory. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Comparing the selectivity and chiral separation of d- and l- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride protected amino acids in analytical high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography; evaluating throughput, economic and environmental impact. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
The importance of system band broadening in modern size exclusion chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 135:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
50
|
Ludvigsson JW, Karlsson A, Kjellberg V. Core-shell column Tanaka characterization and additional tests using active pharmaceutical ingredients. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4520-4532. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Wu Ludvigsson
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Anders Karlsson
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Viktor Kjellberg
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
| |
Collapse
|