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Hassan H, Othman MF, Zakaria ZA, Ahmad Saad FF, Abdul Razak HR. Assessing the influence of neglected GC-FID variables on the multiple responses using multivariate optimization for the determination of ethanol and acetonitrile in radiopharmaceuticals. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnalytical gas chromatography in line with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was developed and validated for direct determination of organic solvents in [18F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine ([18F]FET), [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT). Variables of the splitless time (min) and injection temperature (°C) on the response of analysis time and resolution were optimized with the assistance of a two-level full factorial design and desirability function of Derringer. The proposed procedure was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline. Excellent linearity, R2 > 0.990, indicated that approximately 99% of the response variance could be predicted from ethanol and acetonitrile concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 6.0 mg mL−1 and 0.1 to 0.8 mg mL−1, respectively. The proposed procedure has proved to be selective, sensitive, and accurate (90–110%), with excellent repeatability and precision (RSD < 2%). In the robustness analysis, the findings from the calculated Standardized Effects Values (SE) were insignificant (p > 0.05) and demonstrated that the proposed method was robust for a splitless time of 1.0 ± 0.5 min and an injection temperature of 210 ± 10 °C. The proposed method was also successfully used for the quantitative determination of ethanol and acetonitrile in [18F]FET, [18F]FMISO, and [18F]FLT. Both solvents were well separated (R, 4.1–4.3) within 4.5 min. Therefore, the proposed method is relevant for routine quality control analysis of all 18F-radiopharmaceutical derivatives for the direct determination of ethanol and acetonitrile.
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Rodinkov OV, Bugaichenko AS, Moskvin LN. Static Headspace Analysis and Its Current Status. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482001013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang QL, Xie J, Li XD, Ding LS, Liang J, Luo P, Qing LS. Development of a nano-SiO 2 based enzyme-linked ligand binding assay for the determination of ibuprofen in human urine. Talanta 2017; 167:617-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Caban M, Mioduszewska K, Łukaszewicz P, Migowska N, Stepnowski P, Kwiatkowski M, Kumirska J. A new silylating reagent – dimethyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silyldiethylamine – for the derivatisation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1346:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mixed supramolecular hemimicelles aggregates and magnetic carrier technology for solid phase extraction of ibuprofen in environmental samples prior to its HPLC-UV determination. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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In situ derivatization coupled to microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography for the automated determination of haloacetic acids in chlorinated water. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ferreira AMC, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM. In situ aqueous derivatization as sample preparation technique for gas chromatographic determinations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:70-83. [PMID: 23726081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of derivatization reactions is a common practice in analytical laboratories. Although in many cases it is tedious and time-consuming, it does offer a good alternative for the determination of analytes not compatible to gas chromatography. Many of the reactions reported in the literature occur in organic medium. However, in situ aqueous derivatization reactions, which can be performed directly in aqueous medium, offer important advantages over those mentioned above, such as no need of a previous extraction step and easy automation. Here we review the most recent developments and applications of in situ aqueous derivatization. The discussion focuses on the derivatization reactions used for the determination of alcohols and phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds and thiols in different aqueous matrices, such as environmental, biological and food samples. Several reactions are described for each functional group (acylation, alkylation, esterification, among others) and, in some cases, the same reagents can be used for several functional groups, such that there is an unavoidable overlap between sections. Finally, attention is also focused on the techniques used for the introduction of the derivatives formed in the aqueous medium into the chromatographic system. The implementation of in situ aqueous derivatization coupled to preconcentration techniques has permitted the enhancement of recoveries and improvements in the separation, selectivity and sensitivity of the analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Casas Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Ali NW, Hegazy MA, Abdelkawy M, Abdelaleem EA. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METHOCARBAMOL AND ITS RELATED SUBSTANCE (GUAIFENESIN) IN TWO TERNARY MIXTURES WITH IBUPROFEN AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM BY RP-HPLC METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nouruddin W. Ali
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University , Beni-Sueif , Egypt
| | - Maha A. Hegazy
- b Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M. Abdelkawy
- b Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Eglal A. Abdelaleem
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University , Beni-Sueif , Egypt
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Ali N, Hegazy M, Abdelkawy M, Abdelaleem E. Simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and its related substance (Guaifenesin) in two ternary mixtures with ibuprofen and diclofenac potassium by HPTLC spectrodensitometric method. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yu Y, Wu L. Analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 89:258-63. [PMID: 22284489 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been acknowledged as emerging pollutants due to widespread contamination in environment. A rapid and reliable analytical method, based on ultrasonic extraction, clean up on Envi-carb cartridge, derivatized with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for determination of 4 EDCs (bisphenol A, estrone, nonylphenol and octylphenol) and 10 PPCPs (acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, paracetamol and triclosan) in sewage sludge. Mean recoveries of the target analytes, at different spike levels (40, 300 and 2000 ng/g), ranged from 57.9% to 103.1%. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 1.3-9.5% at different spiked levels. The limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 4.7 to 39 ng/g. The method was applied to sewage sludge samples from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in southern California. High concentrations of PPCPs and EDCs were found in sewage sludge, ranging from 1502 to 5327 ng/g dry weight. Appropriate disposal of sewage sludge was required to avoid secondary contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Noche GG, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM, Lorenzo SM. Microextraction by packed sorbent for the analysis of pharmaceutical residues in environmental water samples by in situ derivatization-programmed temperature vaporizer–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9390-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Determination of Six Analgesics by CE with an Improved Electromagnetic Induction Detector. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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An anionic exchange stir rod sorptive extraction based on monolithic material for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in environmental aqueous samples. Talanta 2011; 86:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Noche GG, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM, Lorenzo SM. In situ aqueous derivatization and determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by salting-out-assisted liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferreira AMC, Laespada MEF, Pavón JLP, Cordero BM. Headspace sampling with in situ carbodiimide-mediated derivatization for the determination of ibuprofen in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4856-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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de Lima Gomes PCF, Barletta JY, Nazario CED, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Von Wolff MA, Coneglian CMR, Umbuzeiro GA, Lancas FM. Optimization of in situ
derivatization SPME by experimental design for GC-MS multi-residue analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:436-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Solventless sample preparation techniques based on solid- and vapour-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:277-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Richardson SD. Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4742-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101102d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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Novel techniques for enhancing sensitivity in static headspace extraction-gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2726-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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