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Sun Y, Xu Y, Sun Z, Wang C, Wei Y. Effect of stereoconfiguration of aromatic ligands on retention and selectivity of terphenyl isomer-bonded stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1698:464005. [PMID: 37087855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The structure of ligands has a significant influence on the separation properties of alkyl and aromatic phases in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Compared with alkyl phases, the effect of stereoconfiguration of aromatic ligands on the retention and selectivity of stationary phases has rarely been addressed. To illustrate the issue, three terphenyl isomer-bonded stationary phases were prepared via the coupling chemistry of isocyanate with terphenyl amine isomers, 3,4-diphenylaniline, 2,4-diphenylaniline and 4-amino-p-terphenyl, respectively. The retention behaviors of stationary phases were assessed in terms of retention strength, selectivity, hydrophobic and π-π interaction by five kinds of solutes. It is found that the selectivity towards the solutes is slightly larger on the branched m-terphenyl-bonded phase (m-π3) than o-terphenyl-bonded phase (o-π3) but is significantly improved on the chain p-terphenyl-bonded phase (p-π3). The results can be interpreted by the ease self-adjustment of the conformation of the chain p-terphenyl ligand and the smaller steric effect of p-π3 towards the insertion of solutes into the ligand brushes. In addition, the p-π3 yields excellent selective separation towards aromatic solutes. These findings are of significance in the design of aromatic stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zhi'an Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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2
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Brown CL, Dornan LM, Muldoon MJ, Hembre RT, Stevenson PJ, Manesiotis P. Comparison of three stationary phases in the separation of polyphenyls by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:462992. [PMID: 35395451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present herein new analytical protocols for the separation and structural elucidation of polyphenyls. Three commercially available chromatographic stationary phases are compared in the separation of these non-polar, unfunctionalized, positional isomers. Baseline separation of nine terphenyl and quaterphenyl isomers is achieved in under ten minutes using a rapid gradient elution HPLC method. Complete separation of these, and a further five polyphenyls, is demonstrated. We finally present a linear correlation between solvent accessible surface area and the retention times of these closely related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Brown
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland
| | - L M Dornan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland
| | - M J Muldoon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland.
| | - R T Hembre
- Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tennessee, United States
| | - P J Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland.
| | - P Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland.
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Saha S, Walia S, Sharma K, Banerjee K. Suitability of stationary phase for LC analysis of biomolecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2856-2873. [PMID: 31621391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1665494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as carotenoids/isoprenoids, vitamins, steroids, saponins, sugars, long chain fatty acids, and amino acids play a very important role in coordinating functions in living organisms. Determination of those substances is indispensable in advanced biological sciences. Engineered stationary phase in LC for the analysis of biomolecules has become easier with the development of chromatographic science. In general, C18 column is being used for routine analysis but specific columns are being used for specific molecule. Monolithic columns are found to have higher efficiency than normal column. Among recent introduction, triacontyl stationary phases, designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, are widely used for the estimation of carotenoids. In comparison to conventional C18 phases, C30 phases exhibited superior shape selectivity for the separation of isomers of carotenoids. It is also found useful for better elution and analysis of tocopherols, vitamin K, sterols, and fatty acids. Vitamin K, E, and their isomers are also successfully resoluted and analyzed by using C30 column. Amino bonded phase column is specifically used for better elution of sugars, whereas phenyl columns are suitable for the separation and analysis of curcuminoids and taxol. Like triacontyl stationary phase, pentafluorophenyl columns are also used for the separation and analysis of carotenoids. Similarly, HILIC column are best suited for sugar analysis. All the stationary phases are made possible to resolute and analyze the target biomolecules better, which are the future of liquid chromatography. The present article focuses on the differential interaction between stationary phase and target biomolecules. The applicability of these stationary phases are reported in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Atapattu SN, Poole CF, Praseuth MB. Insights into the Retention Mechanism for Small Neutral Compounds on Silica-Based Phenyl Phases in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Studzińska S, Bocian S, Siecińska L, Buszewski B. Application of phenyl-based stationary phases for the study of retention and separation of oligonucleotides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:36-43. [PMID: 28595118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of our work was to apply three different phenyl-bonded stationary phases in ion pair chromatography for the analysis of synthetic oligonucleotides of various sequences. The influence of the stationary phase structure and the impact of ion-pairing reagent concentration on the retention of oligonucleotides were tested. Moreover the influence of oligonucleotide sequence on their interactions with phenyl-based stationary phases was also investigated. Such complex studies for analysis of oligonucleotides with these adsorbents were done for the first time. Investigations were implemented in the Quantitative Structure Retention Relationships analysis in order to improve the discussion on the retention mechanism of analyzed compounds. The retention of oligonucleotides was the lowest for polar embedded phenyl stationary phase, however its selectivity was high and allowed for complete separation of studied compounds in the shortest time. It was shown that the low retention factor value was observed for oligonucleotides forming secondary structures, such as hairpin loops. Moreover obtained data showed that except for electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, π-π also influences on the retention mechanism. These interactions cause higher retention factor values for phenyl-based stationary phases compared to octadecyl ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lena Siecińska
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of the Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., PL-87 100 Toruń, Poland
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ALOthman ZA, Al-Warthan A, Aboul-Enein HY, Za’abi MA, Ali I. Mechanistic Approaches of PHE and PPF Columns for Separation of Rasberry Ketone and Caffeine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1048874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al Za’abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
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Soliven A, Dennis GR, Hilder EF, Shalliker RA. The Retention Characteristics of a Novel Phenyl Analytical Scale First Generation Monolith. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.968665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Soliven
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, Australia
- Department of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gary R. Dennis
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, Australia
| | - Emily F. Hilder
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - R. Andrew Shalliker
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, Australia
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Begnini FR, Jardim IC. Preparation and characterization of a new microwave immobilized poly(2-phenylpropyl)methylsiloxane stationary phase for reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Galaon T, Bacalum E, Cheregi M, David V. Retention Studies for Large Volume Injection of Aromatic Solvents on Phenyl-Silica Based Stationary Phase in RP-LC. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:166-72. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Separation of 9,10-anthraquinone derivatives: Evaluation of functionalised stationary phases in reversed phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3636-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stevenson PG, Mnatsakanyan M, Dennis GR, Shalliker RA. Selectivity in separation using π electron-rich stationary phases for the comprehensive two-dimensional analysis of café espresso. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:21-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Mant CT, Cepeniene D, Hodges RS. Reversed-phase HPLC of peptides: Assessing column and solvent selectivity on standard, polar-embedded and polar endcapped columns. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3005-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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