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Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality, likely comprises heterogeneous disorders with the common phenotype of sudden death without explanation upon postmortem investigation. Previously, we reported that ∼40% of SIDS deaths are associated with abnormalities in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in regions of the brainstem critical in homeostatic regulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that SIDS is associated with an alteration in serum 5-HT levels. Serum 5-HT, adjusted for postconceptional age, was significantly elevated (95%) in SIDS infants (n = 61) compared with autopsied controls (n = 15) [SIDS, 177.2 ± 15.1 (mean ± SE) ng/mL versus controls, 91.1 ± 30.6 ng/mL] (P = 0.014), as determined by ELISA. This increase was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Thirty-one percent (19/61) of SIDS cases had 5-HT levels greater than 2 SDs above the mean of the controls, thus defining a subset of SIDS cases with elevated 5-HT. There was no association between genotypes of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism and serum 5-HT level. This study demonstrates that SIDS is associated with peripheral abnormalities in the 5-HT pathway. High serum 5-HT may serve as a potential forensic biomarker in autopsied infants with SIDS with serotonergic defects.
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Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Palma M, Barroso CG. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of tryptophan and its derivatives from rice ( Oryza sativa ) grains through a response surface methodology. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Simultaneous extraction and determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine for clinical routine testing based on a dual functional solid phase extraction assisted by phenylboronic acid coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2859-2871. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhong X, Hao L, Lu J, Ye H, Zhang SC, Li L. Quantitative analysis of serotonin secreted by human embryonic stem cells-derived serotonergic neurons via pH-mediated online stacking-CE-ESI-MRM. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1027-30. [PMID: 26791443 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A CE-ESI-MRM-based assay was developed for targeted analysis of serotonin released by human embryonic stem cells-derived serotonergic neurons in a chemically defined environment. A discontinuous electrolyte system was optimized for pH-mediated online stacking of serotonin. Combining with a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, LOD of serotonin in the Krebs'-Ringer's solution by CE-ESI-MS/MS on a 3D ion trap MS was0.15 ng/mL. The quantitative results confirmed the serotonergic identity of the in vitro developed neurons and the capacity of these neurons to release serotonin in response to stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hui Ye
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Hatefi-Mehrjardi A, Ghaemi N, Karimi MA, Ghasemi M, Islami-Ramchahi S. Poly-(Alizarin Red S)-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Levodopa, Homovanillic Acid and Ascorbic Acid. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Study of Retention Mechanism of a Mixed-Mode Stationary Phase and Its Application for the Simultaneous Determination of Ten Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins by HPLC–UV. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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The advantages of microflow LC–MS/MS compared with conventional HPLC–MS/MS for the analysis of methotrexate from human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1387-96. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In support of bioanalysis, there has always been a desire to improve detection limits and reduce scale. Microflow LC (MFLC) coupled with MS accomplishes both of these goals. Results: As such, MFLC coupled with an MS system was used to generate bioanalytical validation data that met US FDA criteria. The MFLC–MS/MS data was compared with the same method with the use of conventional HPLC–MS/MS and a more than 14× S/N improvement was found with the MFLC–MS/MS method. Methotrexate was used as a model molecule to demonstrate the validation of the method from human plasma. The MFLC–MS/MS method was demonstrated to be accurate (±7%) and precise (12.9% at the LLOQ and a maximum of 11.6% at all other concentrations) across the dynamic range of the assay (1–1000 ng/ml) and compared well with the HPLC–MS/MS method. The MFLC bioanalytical validation was performed at a flow rate of 35 µl/min on a 0.5-mm inner diameter (I.D.) column, whereas, for the same linear velocities on the 2.0-mm I.D. column, the conventional HPLC bioanalytical validation was performed at 700 µl/min. Since the flow rate of the MFLC system is 20-times less than the HPLC system, the consumable solvent and disposal cost to perform the MFLC validation was significantly less. Conclusion: MFLC–MS/MS can be used to perform bioanalytical method validations with increased MS signal, reduced source contamination and reduced solvent consumption.
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Zeinali F, Fossmark R, Hauso Ø, Wiseth R, Hjertner Ø, Waldum HL. Serotonin in blood: assessment of its origin by concomitant determination of β-thromboglobulin (platelets) and chromogranin A (enterochromaffin cells). Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:148-53. [PMID: 23327100 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.756121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin is produced in enterochromaffin (EC) cells, taken up and stored in platelets and released during platelet activation. Measurement of platelet-poor plasma serotonin is difficult, mainly due to platelet activation during blood sampling. We aimed to establish a method to assess the influence of platelet release upon platelet-poor plasma serotonin measurement by concomitant determination of serotonin, β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and chromogranin A (CgA). METHODS Blood samples from patients with thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia and small intestinal neuroendocrine (EC-cell) tumors (SI-NETs) as well as healthy volunteers were analyzed. We also measured serotonin in venous and arterial samples from patients undergoing coronary angiography to evaluate peripheral serotonin metabolism. RESULTS Serotonin and CgA were significantly higher in patients with SI-NETs compared to all other groups implying EC cell origin of serotonin in patients with SI-NETs. We found that the serotonin concentration was similar in patients with thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia, whereas plasma β-TG was higher and lower respectively. A high EDTA concentration in the sampling tubes gave significantly lower serotonin concentrations. Serotonin concentrations did not differ between arterial and venous blood. CONCLUSIONS Our methodology to measure platelet-poor plasma serotonin was appropriate. Blood platelet numbers did not affect the level of serotonin in contrast to β-TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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The Application and Validation of HybridSPE-Precipitation Cartridge Technology for the Rapid Clean-up of Serum Matrices (from Phospholipids) for the Clinical Analysis of Serotonin, Dopamine and Melatonin. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Torfs SC, Maes AA, Delesalle CJ, Deprez P, Croubels SM. Comparative analysis of serotonin in equine plasma with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:1035-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712457928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is regularly measured in equine platelet-poor plasma in research settings. However, reported reference values vary between studies, partially because plasma serotonin concentrations are very low and a reliable and affordable detection method is lacking. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for serotonin determination in equine platelet-poor plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Results of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared to the LC-MS/MS results, in order to validate a test more suitable for use in a clinical situation. For LC-MS/MS, 500 µl of plasma was required, and deuterated serotonin was used as an internal standard. The sample preparation was based upon a simple liquid extraction into ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was performed with an acetic acid–acetonitrile mobile phase gradient elution. Linearity was demonstrated between 3 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml. A limit of quantification of 3 ng/ml was achieved, corresponding to a limit of detection of 0.10 ng/ml. Comparison of LC-MS/MS and ELISA with Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plotting showed a poor agreement between the 2 methods, with an increasing difference within the higher range of measurements. Caution is needed when extrapolating results from sources using different analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Torfs
- Departments of Large Animal Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology (Torfs, Delesalle, Deprez), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry (Maes, Croubels), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Delesalle)
| | - An A. Maes
- Departments of Large Animal Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology (Torfs, Delesalle, Deprez), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry (Maes, Croubels), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Delesalle)
| | - Catherine J. Delesalle
- Departments of Large Animal Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology (Torfs, Delesalle, Deprez), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry (Maes, Croubels), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Delesalle)
| | - Piet Deprez
- Departments of Large Animal Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology (Torfs, Delesalle, Deprez), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry (Maes, Croubels), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Delesalle)
| | - Siska M. Croubels
- Departments of Large Animal Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology (Torfs, Delesalle, Deprez), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry (Maes, Croubels), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Delesalle)
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Scapolla C, Cangemi G, Barco S, Barbagallo L, Bugnone D, Maffia A, Melioli G, Profumo A, Benatti U, Damonte G. Identification and structural characterization by LC-ESI-IONTRAP and LC-ESI-TOF of some metabolic conjugation products of homovanillic acid in urine of neuroblastoma patients. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:816-824. [PMID: 22791248 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites, such as homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid, are routinely used as a clinical tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Recently, in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit of G. Gaslini Children Hospital, a commercial method that employs liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection (LC-EC) has been introduced for the measurement of these metabolites in the routine laboratory practice. Using this LC-EC method, an unknown peak could be observed only in samples derived from NB patients. To investigate the nature of this peak, we used a combination of liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IT-MS). The first approach was used to obtain the elemental composition of the ions present in this new signal. To get additional structural information useful for the elucidation of unknown compounds, the ion trap analyzer was exploited. We were able to identify not just one, but three unknown signals in urine samples from NB patients which corresponded to three conjugated products of HVA: HVA sulfate and two glucuronoconjugate isomers. The enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase confirmed the proposed structures, while the selective alkaline hydrolysis allowed us to distinguish the difference between phenol- and acyl-glucuronide of HVA. The latter was the unknown peak observed in LC-EC separations of urine samples from NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Scapolla
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
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Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Deiana L, Carru C. Reverse injection capillary electrophoresis UV detection for serotonin quantification in human whole blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 895-896:182-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Details of the development of conventional analytical methods for the determination of drugs in pediatric plasma/serum samples via microassays are presented. Examples of the development of small-volume sampling and the use of the newer detection systems such as LC/MS/MS for enhanced detection are presented. Dried blood spot sampling has conventionally been used for the study of inborn errors of metabolism using Guthrie cards. Limited applications in the area of drug-level determination, for example, in therapeutic drug monitoring had been reported but the methodology had not been widely used up until relatively recently. In the last few years, there has been a resurgence of interest in this methodology for drug-level determinations, and examples of drug analysis in pediatric and neonatal patients where the small-volume samples are particularly useful are presented. The application of the methodology in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies is discussed. The utilization of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction in drug analysis is presented. Clinical applications of these methodologies are reported including the development of in vivo solid-phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Millership
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.
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Inokuchi H, Kato D, Ueda A, Niwa O. Development of a Sputtered Nanocarbon Film Based Microdisk Array Electrode for the Highly Stable Detection of Serotonin. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Flieger J, Czajkowska-Żelazko A. Comparison of chaotropic salt and ionic liquid as mobile phase additives in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of biogenic amines. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:733-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Development and validation of an HPLC–MS/MS method for the analysis of dexamethasone from pig synovial fluid using dried matrix spotting. Bioanalysis 2010; 2:1829-37. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried matrix spot techniques were employed to validate an HPLC–MS/MS assay for the determination of dexamethasone in clear Yorkshire pig synovial fluid using 15 µl of sample. We have adopted the term dried matrix spot to indicate that the techniques used for dried blood spots can be applied to nonblood matrices. The dried matrix spot method employs a color-indicating process developed at Alturas Analytics that enhances the ability to analyze transparent fluids spotted onto collection paper by allowing the analyst to visually verify the location of the dried sample spot. Results: The method was shown to be accurate (±4.3%) and precise (14.2% at the LLOQ and ≤10.0% at all other concentrations) across the dynamic range of the assay. Conclusion: The method shows the potential application of dried matrix spot techniques for the analysis of transparent biological fluids.
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