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Pankajkumar-Patel N, Peris-García E, Ruiz-Angel MJ, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Comparison of surfactant-mediated liquid chromatographic modes with sodium dodecyl sulphate for the analysis of basic drugs. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2443-2452. [PMID: 32930233 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), basic drugs are positively charged at the usual working pH range and interact with free anionic silanols present in conventional silica-based stationary phases. This translates into stronger retention and tailed and broadened peaks. This problem can be resolved by the addition of reagents to the mobile phase that are adsorbed on the stationary phase, avoiding the access of solutes to silanols. Among these additives, surfactants under micellar conditions have provided good silanol suppressing potency through the technique known as micellar liquid chromatography (MLC). The most common example of this is anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). When SDS is at moderate concentration in the presence of high organic solvent content, micelles are not formed and the chromatographic mode is known as high submicellar liquid chromatography (HSLC). In contrast, the addition of an oil to an aqueous solution of SDS containing micelles gives rise to microemulsions in a chromatographic mode known as microemulsion liquid chromatography (MELC). A comprehensive comparison of the chromatographic behaviour of a set of basic β-adrenoceptor antagonists analysed by MLC, HSLC and MELC is carried out in this work, in terms of retention, peak shape and organic solvent consumption. The study shows that high submicellar eluents reduce retention and enhance efficiency with respect to conventional RPLC and MLC. Meanwhile, MELC allows reduced analysis times with less organic solvent with respect to HSLC. The narrower and more symmetrical peaks in MLC, HSLC and MELC, with respect to conventional RPLC, reveal the presence of silanol masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pankajkumar-Patel
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - E Peris-García
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - M J Ruiz-Angel
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Spain.
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Navarro-Huerta JA, Vargas-García AG, Torres-Lapasió JR, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Interpretive search of optimal isocratic and gradient separations in micellar liquid chromatography in extended organic solvent domains. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1616:460784. [PMID: 31864726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a reversed-phase mode with mobile phases containing an organic solvent and a micellised surfactant. Most procedures developed in MLC are implemented in the isocratic mode, since the general elution problem in chromatography is less troublesome. However, gradient elution may be still useful in MLC to analyse mixtures of compounds within a wide range of polarities, in shorter times. MLC using gradients is attractive to determine by direct injection moderate to low polar compounds in physiological samples. In these analyses, the use of initial micellar conditions (isocratic or gradient) with a fixed amount of surfactant above the critical micellar concentration, keeping the organic solvent content low, will provide better protection of the column against the precipitation of the proteins in the physiological fluid. Once the proteins are swept away, the elution strength can be increased using a positive gradient of organic solvent to reduce the analysis time. This may give rise to the transition from the micellar to the submicellar mode, since micelles are destroyed at sufficiently high concentration of organic solvent. In this work, several retention models covering extended solvent domains in MLC are developed and tested, and applied to investigate the performance in isocratic, linear and multi-linear gradient separations. The study was applied to the screening of β-adrenoceptor antagonists in urine samples, using mobile phases prepared with sodium dodecyl sulphate and 1-propanol. Predicted chromatograms were highly accurate in all situations, although suffered of baseline problems and minor shifts for peaks eluting close to a steep gradient segment. Two columns (C18 and C8) were investigated, with the C8 column being preferable owing to the smaller amount of adsorbed surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Navarro-Huerta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - A G Vargas-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J R Torres-Lapasió
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - M C García-Alvarez-Coque
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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An Q, Dong YM, Lu NW, Li N. Micellar liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human serum by direct inject of the sample with simple dilution. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1287723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong An
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College, HeXi University, Zhangye, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yu-ming Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Ning-wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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Hadjmohammadi MR, Nazari SSSJ. Evaluation of Some Empirical Retention Models for High Submicellar Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Aromatic Diamines. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dong YM, An Q, Lu NW, Li N. Development micellar HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylephedrine in Ephedra Herb and traditional Chinese medicinal preparations. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rodenas-Montano J, Ortiz-Bolsico C, Ruiz-Angel M, García-Alvarez-Coque M. Implementation of gradients of organic solvent in micellar liquid chromatography using DryLab®: Separation of basic compounds in urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1344:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nakao R, Halldin C. Improved radiometabolite analysis procedure for positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands using a monolithic column coupled with direct injection micellar/high submicellar liquid chromatography. Talanta 2013; 113:130-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ruiz-Ángel MJ, Carda-Broch S, García-Álvarez-Coque MC. High Submicellar Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2012.743917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hadjmohammadi MR, S. J. Nazari SS. Separation optimization of aniline and seven 4-substituted anilines in high-submicellar liquid chromatography using empirical retention modeling and Derringer's desirability function. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2450-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ruiz-Ángel MJ, Carda-Broch S, García-Álvarez-Coque MC. Chromatographic Efficiency in Micellar Liquid Chromatography: Should it Be Still a Topic of Concern? SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2011.653033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dash U, Meher J, Misra PK. Organization of amphiphiles, part XII: studies on the interaction of glycine with aqueous micelles of polyoxyethylated nonyl phenols. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chromatographic Behavior of Aromatic Diamines in Hydro-Organic, Micellar and Submicellar Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatographic Modes. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Rapid metabolite analysis of positron emission tomography radioligands by direct plasma injection combining micellar cleanup with high submicellar liquid chromatography with radiometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1266:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ruiz-Ángel MJ, García-Álvarez-Coque MC. Comparison of the performance of non-ionic and anionic surfactants as mobile phase additives in the RPLC analysis of basic drugs. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:623-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fernández-Navarro J, García-Álvarez-Coque M, Ruiz-Ángel M. The role of the dual nature of ionic liquids in the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of basic drugs. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:398-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Performance of short-chain alcohols versus acetonitrile in the surfactant-mediated reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of β-blockers. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7090-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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