Kinetic behaviour in supercritical fluid chromatography with modified mobile phase for 5μm particle size and varied flow rates

An accurate and reliable analytical strategy for simultaneous determination of target furanocoumarins and flavonoids in cosmetic and pharmaceutical samples by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography

Furanocoumarins and flavonoids have various important biological activities and wide application. In the present study, a rapid and reliable supercritical fluid chromatography method was proposed for the separation of 10 target components including 8 furanocoumarins and 2 flavonoids. After detailed condition optimization, the 10 target compounds can be baseline separated on a Trefoil CEL1 (3.0 mm × 150 mm, 2.5 µm) column using gradient elution. A 0.07% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid in ethanol was determined to be the most proper mobile phase for the separation of target compounds. The column temperature, back pressure, flow rate were set at 36 ℃, 2000 psi, 1.0 mL min^-1 to 1.4 mL min^-1, respectively. The ten target compounds were analyzed within 24 min using the optimized conditions. Under the optimized conditions, all the target compounds showed good linearity with linear correlation coefficients higher than 0.995, and satisfactory recovery in the range of 83.52-112.92%. All these results showed that the developed ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method was reliable and effective. Finally, the application of the developed method to cosmetic, Psoraleae fructus and Angelicae dahuricae radix samples were presented. The results highlight the applicability of the ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method to the analysis of interested compounds in pharmaceutical and cosmetic samples.

Development and validation of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for quantitative determination of six compounds in Guizhi Fuling capsule and tablet samples

A fast and simple ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of six analytes, namely (paeonol, coumarin, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, paeoniflorin, and amygdalin) in Guizhi Fuling capsule and tablet samples. The influence of the key chromatographic parameters for the separation purposes was evaluated. The optimal column was Trefoil CEL1 column. The optimal mobile phase was a gradient mixture of carbon dioxide and methanol at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The back pressure of the system was set to 1.38 × 10⁷  Pa and the temperature to 45°C. The six compounds were separated within 11 min by the proposed ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method with satisfactory resolution. Method validation confirmed that the procedure is accurate with the recovery rates from 87.04 to 104.30%, intraday precision values less than 4.81% and interday precision less than 5.22%, and linear with R² higher than 0.9967. Therefore, this work provides a simple and novel method for the simultaneous analysis of six compounds in Guizhi Fuling capsule and tablet samples.

Doing more with less: Evaluation of the use of high linear velocities in preparative supercritical fluid chromatography

The evaluation of higher than typical linear velocities is discussed for supercritical fluid chromatographic purifications on the preparative scale. SFC separation efficiency suffers far less at high linear velocities than HPLC by the rapid mass transfer of analytes carried by compressed CO₂ through the stationary phase. The technique is discussed using chiral test compounds and columns. In many cases, running at high linear velocities can yield significant time savings and decreased consumption of mobile phase solvent, while also lowering energy consumption. Within the practical limitations of commercial instrumentation, using 20 μm particles can aid in achieving higher linear velocities not attainable with smaller 5 μm particles, particularly when running with high percentages of organic co-solvent. Use of larger particles for the stationary phase also lowers the associated column cost. These benefits can yield an overall purification process that is more productive and environmentally friendly.