Stability-indicating micellar liquid chromatography method for three novel derivatives of zidovudine in aqueous and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids matrices

Preparation, characterization, release and antianemic studies of guar gum functionalized Iron complexes

Guar gum is a neutral, non-ionic polysaccharide that has been extensively utilized in the food industry as a stabilizer, excipients, and emulsifier agent. An oxidized derivative of this edible guar gum was prepared and used as a complexing agent for iron to obtain a polysaccharide-bound iron (II) complex. The degree of oxidation varies between 30.12 and 60.63% with a corresponding aldehyde content (0.59-1.79 mmol/g) and carboxyl contents (0.49-1.62 mmol/g), which were determined by the titrimetry method. Sophisticated spectroscopic techniques characterized all the products. The natural polymer-based hydrophilic and hydrophobic formulations as coating were used for achieving the sustained or prolonged release from the complex tablets. Release studies of the tablets were carried out in different mediums of varying pH. The total iron available from the tablets was compared with that obtained from ferrous fumarate prepared under similar conditions, and the results were found to be comparable. Release results demonstrate the pH-sensitive behaviour of the guar gum-based delivery system towards the controlled release of iron. Antianemic effect of new functionalized guar gum iron complexes was investigated on male albino rats. The complexes may exhibit the potential to recover the hematological index of the albino rats with some positive effects on improving rat's growth with iron deficiency anaemia.

Greening Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Methods Using Alternative Solvents for Pharmaceutical Analysis

The greening of analytical methods has gained increasing interest in the field of pharmaceutical analysis to reduce environmental impacts and improve the health safety of analysts. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most widely used analytical technique involved in pharmaceutical drug development and manufacturing, such as the quality control of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, as well as the analysis of drugs in biological samples. However, RP-HPLC methods commonly use large amounts of organic solvents and generate high quantities of waste to be disposed, leading to some issues in terms of ecological impact and operator safety. In this context, greening HPLC methods is becoming highly desirable. One strategy to reduce the impact of hazardous solvents is to replace classically used organic solvents (i.e., acetonitrile and methanol) with greener ones. So far, ethanol has been the most often used alternative organic solvent. Others strategies have followed, such as the use of totally aqueous mobile phases, micellar liquid chromatography, and ionic liquids. These approaches have been well developed, as they do not require equipment investments and are rather economical. This review describes and critically discusses the recent advances in greening RP-HPLC methods dedicated to pharmaceutical analysis based on the use of alternative solvents.

Micellar Liquid Chromatography from Green Analysis Perspective

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a simple well-established branch of high-performance liquid chromatography. The applications of MLC for the determination of numerous compounds in pharmaceutical formulations, biological samples, food, and environmental samples have been growing very rapidly. MLC technique has several advantages over other techniques, such as simultaneous separation of charged and uncharged solutes, rapid gradient capability, direct on-column injection of physiological fluids, unique separation selectivity, high reproducibility, robustness, enhanced luminescence detection, low cost, and safety. This review is devoted to the evaluation of the agreement of MLC with the principles of green chemistry which recently represents a universal trend. Also, it provides an overview on the basics of MLC, in addition to a survey of MLC methods published in the past five years for the assay of various compounds in different matrices.

Recent theoretical and practical applications of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is an analytical technique belonging to the wide range of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) separation techniques. MLC with the use of surfactant solutions above its critical micellar concentration (CMC) and the addition of organic modifiers is currently an important analytical tool with still growing theoretical considerations and practical applications in pharmaceutical analysis of drugs and other biologically active compounds. The use of MLC as an alternative, relatively much faster in comparison to conventional chromatographic separation techniques has several advantages, especially as being suitable for screening pharmaceutical analysis. The analytical data received from MLC analysis are considered a useful source of information to predict passive drug absorption, drug transport and other pharmacokinetics and physicochemical measures of pharmaceutical substances. In the review several MLC assays for determination of drugs and other active compounds in biological samples were compared and critically discussed. The presented overview provides information on recent applications and achievements connected with the practical use of MLC. The review covers fields of interest related to theory and mechanism of MLC separation, direct applications of MLC in pharmaceutical analysis, including optimization and efficiency of separation with the use of modification of stationary phase and mobile phase compositions as well as the determination of physicochemical characteristics of drugs by MLC.